CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

METALS AND NON METALS

REACTION WITH OXYGEN

A) FOR METALS

METAL + OXYGEN METALLIC OXIDE

(BASIC OXIDE)

BASIC OXIDE + WATER BASES

(METAL HYDROXIDES)

Example
Magnesium ribbon burns with oxygen to form white powdery substance MgO which reacts
with H2O to form Mg(OH)2, which turns red litmus blue.

Mg + O2 MgO

MgO + H2O Mg(OH)2

METAL CONDITION REACTION

1.Na & K At room temperature 4Na + O2 2 Na2O

(react vigorously)

2. Mg On heating 2Mg + O2
2MgO

3. Fe On heating at high 4Fe + 3 O2

temperature 2Fe3O4

4. Cu On prolonged heating 2Cu + O2 Cu2O

Na > Mg> Fe>Cu

B) NON METALS

NON METAL + OXYGEN NON METALLIC

OXIDE (ACIDIC OXIDE)

ACIDIC OXIDE + WATER ACIDS

Example
CARBON burns with oxygen to form CO2 which reacts with H2O to form H2CO3, which turns
BLUE litmus RED.

C + O2 CO2

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 CO2 + H2O H2CO3

DIFFERNCE BETWEEEN

ACIDIC OXIDE BASIC OXIDE

• Is formed when non metals react with • Is formed when metal reacts with
oxygen. oxygen.

• It turns blue litmus red. • Turns red litmus blue.

• Acidic oxide when reacts with water • Basic oxide when reacts with water
forms acid forms base.

TEST YOURSELF
Q Show that MgO is a basic oxide. Give suitable equations also.
Q shows that CO2 is an acidic oxide. Give suitable equations also.
Q Name the metal that reacts a) vigorously with at room temperature.
b) On prolonged heating.
Q A metal X on heating gives a white powdery substance.
a) Identify the metal ‘X’
b) Write the chemical formulae and name of the white substance formed.
c) Write the chemical equation for the same.
d) What will happen if this powder is dissolved in water? Name the compound formed.
Also write the chemical equation for the same.
e) What will happen when red litmus is dipped into the above solution?
f) What will happen when blue litmus is dipped into it?
g) What is the nature of the solution formed?

REACTION WITH WATER

A) FOR METALS

METAL + WATER → METAL

HYDROXIDE(BASE) + H2↑

✔ Metals react with

water to liberate
hydrogen gas (H2↑)
gas.

TEST FOR H2:

✔
bring a burning
matchstick; it
burns with a
POPPING SOUND.
EXAMPLE:
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Magnesium should be first cleaned with sand paper to remove any layer of magnesium
oxide (MgO).
Magnesium reacts with water on HEATING to produce Mg(OH)2 and hydrogen gas

MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2 + H2

METAL CONDITION REACTION

Na , k , Ca react vigorously Cold water Na2O + 2 H2O →
2NaOH + H2↑

Mg Hot boiling water MgO + 2H2O →

Mg(OH)2 + H2↑

Zn With steam ZnO + H2O →

ZnO + H2↑

Fe Steam when heated 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4

strongly + 4H2↑

Cu, Ag , Au, Hg DONOT REACT WITH

WATER

B) FOR NON METALS

NON METALS DONOT REACT WITH

WATER

IMPORTANT

 Phosphorous is kept under water as it catches fire easily when kept in open
at room temperature.

 Sodium is kept under kerosene as it is

• Highly reactive metal
• Reacts vigorously with cold water

REACTION WITH ACID

a) FOR METALS

METAL + dil. ACID  METAL SALT + H2 ↑

• Metals react with dilute acids to liberate hydrogen gas.
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 METAL CONDITION REACTION
Na , K , Ca react vigorously Dilute acid Na + HCl  NaCl + H2↑

Mg, Al , Zn do not react Dilute acid Mg + HCl  MgCl2 + H2↑

vigorously
Cu , Pb React with conc. H2SO4 Cu + H2SO4CuSO4 +H2O +
but SO2↑
does not REACT WITH DIL.
HCl
Au , Ag , Pt NO REACTION

b) FOR NON METALS NON METALS DONOT REACT WITH ACIDS

But sulphur and phosphorous react with conc. H2SO4 and HNO3 ; BUT
DONOT GIVE OUT H2

 Food stuff should not be kept in metal containers; as foods contain acids
which react with metal containers to form toxic substances.

TEST YOURSELF
Q Name the metal that
reacts vigorously with
cold water.

Q Name the gas liberated when metals reacts with water.

Q Name the gas liberated when metals reacts with acids.

Q How will you test for the presence of hydrogen gas?

Q Name two metals that do not react with water.

Q Name one non metal that is kept under water. Why?

Q Why sodium is kept under kerosene?

Q What happens when

a) An active metal is placed in water.

b) A magnesium ribbon is kept in a test tube containing hot boiling water.

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 c) Gold is place in test tube containing NaOH.

d) When Dilute HCl is kept for three days in a copper container.

e) Name two metals that react with conc. H2SO4.

Q Why food stuff should not be placed in a metal container.

REACTIVITY SERIES(activity series)

It is defined as the arrangement of metals in decreasing order of their reactivity.

DISPLACEMENT REACTION (Replacement or substitution

reaction)
 The reaction in which a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive
metal from its aqueous salt solution.
OR
 The reaction in which a metal can displace hydrogen from an acid.

 REPLACING HYDROGEN FROM AN  MORE REACTIVE METAL

ACID DISPLACES A LESSER REACTIVE
METAL.

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Na + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + H2↑ Fe + CuSO4  FeSO4 +
Cu

Mg + HCl  MgCl2 + H2↑ Mg + CuSO4  MgSO4 +

Cu

Cu + HCl  NO REACTION ( Cu is Cu + FeSO4  NO REACTION

below hydrogen in reactivity (Iron is more reactive than copper, so
series.) copper cannot displace IRON.
Some important questions

Q Why the blue colour Of CuSO4 does disappears when magnesium ribbon is dipped in it?

• Mg being more reactive than Cu ; displaces Cu from its aqueous salt solution
• Mg + CuSO4  MgSO4 + Cu
• MgSO4 is formed which is colorless, hence blue color fades away.
• Brown coating of copper gets deposited on Mg.

Q What happens when copper wire is dipped in silver nitrate solution?

• Copper being more reactive than silver; displaces silver from its aq. Salt solution.
• Cu + AgNO3  Cu(NO3)2 + Ag
• Cu(NO3)2 (Copper nitrate) formed is blue in color.
• White silvery coating deposits on copper wire.

Q Arrange the metal in decreasing order of their reactivity in the given equations.

Fe + CuSO4  FeSO4 + Cu
Cu + AgNO3  Cu(NO3)2 + Ag
Mg + FeSO4  MgSO4 + Fe

i) Fe > Cu ii) Cu > Ag iii) Mg > Fe

Mg > Fe > Cu > Ag

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