HOME WORK: 4

School: LSTCA Dept: CSE/IT

Name of Faculty Member: Rohit Beniwal Course Code: CSE 302

Title: Analysis and Design of Information Systems

Term:VI ROLL NO.: RE1803A18

PART-A

Ques1) Distinguish between menu-driven, keyword and Question/answer

dialogues.

Ans:- Menu-Driven- A menu is an exhaustive list of available system functions that

are displayed on the terminal or workstation so user can choose them among.
Dialogues that use this method of interaction are said to be menu driven.

Keyword Dailogue- With keyword dialogues, users invoke processing activities by

entering a command the system understands. The three forms of keyword dialogue
include the single command, the mnemonic, and the natural language form.

Question/Answer Dailogue- As their name suggests ,rely on the presentation of a

question to the user. The answers guides the resulting processing. The format may
involve yes/no answers or narrative responses .The question/answers strategy
allows the presentation of more elaborate questions and alternatives’ than do
other strategies. It requires the analyst to anticipate every possible answer a user
might provide, a potentially difficult task. It also the wordiest dialogue strategy.

Ques2) Discuss the characteristics of an interface in online systems.

Ans:- Characterstics of interface in online system:

It includes the devices used to enter and receive data, the dialogue which prompts
and guides users, and the methods and patterns followed in display of information.
Common interface devices in online system are keyboard ,mouse ,light pen,
scanner, touch screen or voice.

The dialogue guides the interaction between system and user. The daiogues
determine the amount of information that must pass between user and system. The
particular design influences the detail one must specify and the way in which it is
articulated. Poor dialogue can undetermined the best interface devices, but the
right dialogue can make the boundary between user and system seem nonexistent.

User also react to the manner in which information is organized for display in an
online system. The way the physical area of a display is structured, as well as the
particular methods of highlighting and signaling can enhance the red ability of
display information.

Ques3) What is the need for documentation? Explain in detail.

Ans:- More documentation means easier usage. More documentation means better
add-on modules. More documentation means happier users. As soon as a user gets
stuck trying to get a program feature to work, he or she starts to read that
program's documentation. Imagine, therefore, creating well-structured and well-
written documentation that will make it easy for the user to get that feature to
work.

In general the following aspects of a program or project should be documented:

1. Basic usage is mostly covered in a man page.

2. More advanced usage can be achieved by listing ALL configuration options
in the documentation and giving examples on how to use them (take the very
good Apache documentation for example).
3. Source code, of course, because somebody may want to add features to the
program.
4. Examples of usage to supply a working basic configuration file and
document it heavily.
5. Installation of the program, because not all programs work with ./configure
&& make && make install.
6. User interface, especially if it is not a common point-and-click one.
Involvement of people in software life

Documentation is an important part of software engineering. Types of

documentation include:

1. Requirements - Statements that identify attributes, capabilities,

characteristics, or qualities of a system. This is the foundation for what
shall be or has been implemented.
2. Architecture/Design - Overview of softwares. Includes relations to an
environment and construction principles to be used in design of software
components.
3. Technical - Documentation of code, algorithms, interfaces, and APIs.
4. End User - Manuals for the end-user, system administrators and
support staff.
5. Marketing - How to market the product and analysis of the market
demand.

PART-B

Ques4) Discuss Auxiliary storage devices? What are their uses?

Ans:- Need of Auxiliary storage devices: When user enters the data/program
using input device, those are stored in RAM. RAM is a Volatile memory which
means that all the contents of RAM are erased when the power is switched-off.
Therefore, in order to store the entered data permanently for future reference,
auxiliary memory is required. Auxiliary storage devices like Floppy disk, Magnetic
disk and Magnetic tape have auxiliary memory.

The main memory is used ti store only the data and instruction which are to be
used immediately.
However a computer has to storage in auxiliary memory. The bulk of
information is stored in auxiliary memory this is also called backing storage
when the power is switched off the data can't be removed. Auxiliary storage
devices are used to provide additional, portable storage, as opposed to hard
drives which are fixed inside the computer and serve as primary storage
devices.
 Internal Hard Disk Drive
• Internal hard disk drive is the main auxiliary storage device that stores all
of your data magnetically, including operating system files and folders,
documents, music and video. You can think of the hard disc drive as a stack
of disks mounted one on top of the other and placed in a sturdy case. They
spin at high speeds to provide easy and fast access to stored data anywhere
on a disk.
External Hard Disk Drive
• External hard disk drives are used when the internal drive does not have
any free space and you need to store more data. In addition, it is
recommended that you always back up all of your data and the external
hard drives become very useful as they can safely store large amounts of
information. They can be connected by either USB or Firewire connection
to a computer and can even be connected with each other
in case you need several additional hard drives at the same time.

Use of auxiliary devices:

1.Magnateic Tape:- Data are stored along the length of the tape at a specified
density, measured in bytes per inch. One byte stored one character .Data are read
from the tapes in blocks. To make better use of storage space, systems analysts
usually reduce the number of inter block gaps required through blocking.

2.Magnetic Disk:- Data are written to or read from magnetic disks only when they
are being rotated by disk derive .Disk rotation ranges from approximately 200 to
several thousand revolutions per minute, depending on the disk drive used.

3. Back up and Recovery of Flies: Information systems are not to immune to

problems that can lead to accidental loss of data ,analysts are concerned with the
preservation of both transaction and master file data during the design phase and
throughout the life of the system.

Ques5) Discuss the components of Structure chart. What role do structure

charts play in the design of software?
Ans:- A Structure Chart (SC) in software engineering and organizational theory is
a chart, which shows the breakdown of the configuration system to the lowest
manageable levels.
This chart is used in structured programming to arrange the program modules in a
tree structure. Each module is represented by a box, which contains the module's
name. The tree structure visualizes the relationships between the modules.
Table Insights
The Table Insights application displays a table of sales performance
data for each month over one-year period for various regions. It uses
the UI control Scroll View at the bottom to navigate left and right to
view the data table. The regional data for each month is displayed in
rows and monthly data for each region is displayed in columns

FosiX
FosiX is a tool designed to the storage consumption of the folders
including their subfolders in a browsable chart or size tree view
structure. You can simply navigate through those visualized folders by
clicking on the chart elements or by using keyboard shortcuts.

Speaker Workshop
Speaker Workshop 1.06 is a program to design loudspeakers in your
PC. If your system has a plain sound card, you will also be able to test
the designed speaker. You will be able to construct a loudspeaker
circuit by including its different components (with values) into a chart.
The program will then calculate the output that this system will
produce.
Disk Pie
Disk Pie has been developed to provide you with better understanding
of the type and structure of data that is stored on your hard drives. With
the help of this application any of your drives or directories can be
represented as a pie chart. The application has a very intuitive
interface.
Gantt Project
Gantt Project is a project management planning tool to schedule and
track projects. This management tool is a Gantt chart that allows
creating, editing and deleting tasks. Its GUI is easy and friendly to use.
Its installation is easy to perform and some components must be
selected during the process. Gantt Project is an open source program
that runs in any platform (Windows, Linux, Mac OSX, etc).

E Draw Organizational Chart

E draw Organizational Chart provides a graphical package that allows
the user to easily create different types of organizational charts. It is
specifically designed to support the rapid creation of staff organization
diagrams, management structures or any hierarchical structure charts.
Support is also given to include photographic images within each node
of the chart.
Scan Assistant
Scan Assistant is a visual basic application that helps automate the
process of naming and moving a scanned image to the server for
linking to the patient chart. This lets you choose where you store your
images, which is ideal for clients who do not want to store them within
the default Practice Partner folder structure.

Ques6) What is the purpose of Quality Assurance? Explain.

Ans:- Quality assurance, or QA for short, is the systematic monitoring and

evaluation of the various aspects of a project, service or facility to maximize the
probability that minimum standards of quality are being attained by the
production process. QA cannot absolutely guarantee the production
of quality products.
Two principles included in QA are: "Fit for purpose" - the product should be
suitable for the intended purpose; and "Right first time" - mistakes should be
eliminated. QA includes regulation of the qualityof raw materials, assemblies,
products and components, services related to production, and management,
production and inspection processes.
Quality is determined by the product users, clients or customers, not by society in
general. It is not the same as 'expensive' or 'high quality'. Low priced products can
be considered as having high quality if the product users determine them as such.
Steps for a typical quality assurance process
There are many forms of QA processes, of varying scope and depth. The
application of a particular process is often customized to the production process.
A typical process may include:

 test of previous articles

 plan to improve
 design to include improvements and requirements
 manufacture with improvements
 review new item and improvements
 test of the new item