J. Raj. Academy of Physical Sciences, Vol.10. N.1.

(2011,} 63-72(A Quarterly International Journal)

ON  -RECURRENT TRANS-SASAKIAN MANIFOLDS

By

S.Yadav and D.L.Suthar

Department of Mathematics

Alwar Institute of Engg. &Technology,M.I.A.Alwar-301030, India

Email:prof_sky16@yahoo.com,dd_suthar@yahoo.co.in

Abstract

The objective of the present paper is to study  -recurrent trans –Sasakian manifolds

1. Introduction

In 1977, T.Takahashi [1] introduction the notion of locally  -symmetric Sasakian manifolds and
studied their several properties. Many authors like De and Pathak[2] Venktasha and Bagewadi[4]
and Shaikh and De[3] have extended this notion to three-dimensional Kenmotsu,trans-Sasakian
and an LP-Sasakian manifolds respectively. In 2003, U.C.De, A.A.Shaikh and S.Biswas[5],
introduced the notion of  –recurent Sasakian manifolds which generalized the notion of locally
 –symmetric Sasakian manifolds and studied their several properties. In 2009, G.T.Sreenivasa,
Venkatesha,C.S.Gagewadi and K.Naganagoud [6] studied this notion in Lorentzian,  –
Kenmotsu manifolds and obtain several results. Motivated by the above studies in this paper we
define  –recurrent trans-Sasakian manifold,  -Ricci-symmetric and pseudo projective  –
recurrent trans-Sasakian manifold and tree-dimensional case of  -Ricci-symmetric also
consider and obtain some result.

2. Preliminaries

An (2n  1) -dimensional smooth manifold M 2 n1 is said to be an almost contact metric manifold
[7] if it admits a (1,1) –tensor field  , a vector  , a-form and a Riemannian metric g ,whic h
satisfy

(2.1) (a)   0 (b) (X )  0 (c)  2 X   X   ( X )

(2.2) (a)  ( )  1 (b) g( , X )  ( X ) (c) g (X , Y )   g ( X , Y )

(d) g(X , Y )  g( X , Y )  ( X )(Y )

for all vector fields X , Y on M 2 n1 An almost contact metric manifold M 2 n1 ( , ,, g ) is said to be
trans-Sasakian manifold[10] if ( M  , J , G) belong to the class W4 of Hermitian manifolds
whrere J ,is a almost complex structure on M   defined by

 d  d
J  Z , f     Z  f ,  ( Z ) 
 dt   dt 

for any vector field Z on M 2 n1 and smooth function f on M   and G is the product metric on
M   .This may be states by the condition[8]

(2.3) ( X  )(Y )  g ( X ,Y )   (Y ) X    g (X ,Y )   (Y )X 

where  ,  are smooth functions on M 2 n1 and such a structure is said to be the trans-Sasakian
structure of type ( ,  ) from (2.3) it follows that

(2.4)  X   X   X   ( X )

(2.5) ( X )  g ( X ,Y )  g (X ,Y )

In a trans-Sasakian manifold M 2 n1 ( , ,, g ) the following relations hold [9]

R( X , Y )  ( 2   2 ) (Y ) X   ( X )Y   ( X ) Y  ( X ) 2 (Y )
(2.6)
 2  (Y )X   ( X )Y   (Y )X  (Y ) 2 ( X )

g ( R( X , Y )Z ,  )   ( R( X , Y )Z )  ( 2   2 )g (Y , Z ) ( X )  g ( X , Z ) (Y )
(2.7)  2  (Y ) g (X , Z )   ( X ) g (Y , Z )  (Y ) g (X , Z )  (Y )
g (Y , Z )   (Y )( Z )  ( X ) g (Y , Z )  (Y )g ( X , Z )  ( X ) ( Z )

(2.8) R( , Y )  ( 2   2   ) ( X )  X 

(2.9) R( , X )Y  ( 2   2 )g ( X , Y )   (Y ) X   ( ) X  ( ) 2 ( X )

(2.10)  
S ( X ,  )  2 n( 2   2 )  ( )  ( X )  ((X ) )  ( 2 n  1)( X )

(2.11) 
S ( ,  )  2 n( 2   2 )  ( ) 
(2.12) ( )  2n  0

(2.13)  
Q  2 n( 2   2 )  ( )    ( grad )  ( 2 n  1)( grad )

(2.14)
   
S ( X , Y )  2n( 2   2 )  ( ) g ( X , Y )  2n( 2   2 )  ( )  ( X ) (Y )
 (2n  1)((X ) )  (( X ) )
2
where R is the curvature tensor of type (1,3) of the manifold and Q is the symmetric
endomorphism of the tangent space at each point of the manifold corresponding to the Ricci
tensor S ,that is g (QX ,Y )  S ( X ,Y ) for any vector fields X,Y on M 2 n1

3.  -recurrent trans-Sasakian manifolds

Definition3.1.A trans-Sasakian manifold is said to be locally  –symmetric if

(3.1)  2 (W R)( X , Y ) Z   0

for all vector fields X ,Y , Z ,W orthogonal to  [1].

Definition3.2.A trans-Sasakian manifold is said to be  –recurrent manifold if there exist a non-

zero 1–form A such that [11]

(3.2)  2 (W R)( X , Y ) Z   A(W ) R( X , Y ) Z

for arbitrary vector fields X ,Y , Z ,W

If the 1–form A vanishes, and then the manifold reduces to a  –symmetric manifold

Definition3.3.A trans-Sasakian manifold is said to be locally  -Ricci symmetric if the Ricci

operator Q satisfies [11]

(3.3)  2 (W Q )( X )  0

for all vector fields W, X on M 2 n1 .

If W, X are orthogonal to  , then the manifold is said to be locally  -Ricci symmetric.

Let us consider  -recurrent trans-Sasakian manifold M 2 n1 . Then by virtue of (2.1-c) and (3.1),
we get

(3.4)  (W R)( X ,Y )Z   ((W R)( X ,Y )Z )  A(W ) R( X ,Y )Z

From which it follows that

(3.5)  g (W R)( X ,Y )Z ,U )   ((W R)( X ,Y )Z ) (U )  A(W ) g ( R( X ,Y )Z ,U )

Let ei , i  1, 2, 3....2n  1 be the orthonormal basis of the tangent space at any point of the
manifold. Then putting X  U  ei in (3.4) and taking summation over i , 1  i  2n  1, we get

2 n1
(3.6)  (W S )(Y , Z )   (
i 1
W R)( ei , Y ) Z  ( ei )  A(W ) S (Y , Z )
The second term of (3.6) for Z   takes the form

g (W R)( ei ,Y )ei , , ) g (ei , )

also

g (W R)( ei , Y ) ,  )  g (W R(ei , Y ) ,  )  g ( R(W ei , Y ) ,  )  g ( R(e, W Y ) ,  )  g ( R(e, Y )W  ,  )

at p  M 2 n 1

Since ei is an orthonarmal basis  X ei  0 at p  M 2 n 1 using (2.4)(2.6)(2.8)(2.9),we get

g ( R( ei , W Y ) ,  )  ( 2   2 )( (W Y ) g ( ei ,  )   (W Y ))  ( ) ( (W Y ))

Thus we obtain

g ( W R)( ei , Y ) ,  )  g ( W R( ei , Y ) ,  )  ( 2   2 )  ( W Y ) g ( , ei )   ( W Y ))
(3.7)
 ( ) ( ( W Y )) g ( R( e, Y ) W  ,  )

In view of g ( R(ei , Y ) ,  )  g ( R( ,  )Y , ei )  0

Then g (W R(ei , Y ) ,  )  g ( R(ei , Y ) , W  )  0

This implies (3.7)

(3.8) g (W R)(ei , Y ) ,  )   g ( R(ei , Y ) , W  )  g ( R(e, Y )W  ,  )

Using (2.4) and applying the skew-symmetry of R ,we get

g ( W R)( ei , Y ) ,  )  g ( R(W ,  , Y , ei )  g ( R(W ,  , Y )ei )

(3.9)
 2 (W ) g ( R( ,  , Y )ei )  g ( R( , W )Y , ei )  g ( R( , W , Y )

Using (3.9) in (3.6),we get

 (W S )(Y ,  )  A(W )S (Y ,  )  g ( R(W ,  )Y , ei )  g ( R(W ,  , Y )ei )

(3.10)  2 (W ) g ( R( ,  )Y , ei )  g ( R( , W )Y , ei )  g ( R( , W )Y ,  )

Since (W S )(Y ,  )  (W S )(Y , Z )  S (W Y ,  )  S (Y , W  )

Using (2.4) and (2.10) in above, we get

( W S )(Y ,  )  2 n( 2   2 )  ( )( W  )(Y )   (W ) (Y )

(3.11)
 ( 2 n  1)(Y ) (W )   W ((X ) )  ( ( W Y )  ((Y ) ) (W )  S (Y , W )   S (Y , W )

From (3.10) and (3.11), we get

 S (Y , W )  S (Y , W )  2 n( 2   2 )  ( ) g (Y , W )  g (Y , W )  (   1) (Y ) (W )

(3.12)
 2( n  1)(Y ) (W )   W ((X ))  2( ( W Y ) )  ((Y ) (W )  ((Y )A(W )
We can state the following result.

Theorem 3.1.In a  –recurrent trans-Sasakian manifold ( M 2 n1 , g ), n  1 then the equation of Ricci
tensor is given by (3.12)

Now from (3.4), we have

(3.12) (W R)( X , Y )Z   ((W R)( X , Y )Z )  A(W ) R( X , Y )Z

From (3.12) and the Bainchi identity, we get

(3.13) A(W )( R( X , Y )Z )  A( X )( R( X , Y )Z )  A(Y )( R(W , X )Z )  0

By virtue of (2.7) and (3.13) ,we get

( 2   2 ){g (Y , Z ) ( X )  g ( X , Z ) (Y )}  ( X ){g (Y , Z )   (Y ) ( Z )}

A(W )  
 (Y ){g ( X , Z )   ( X ) ( Z ) 
(   ){g (W , Z ) (Y )  g (Y , Z ) (W )}  (Y ){g (W , Z )   ( Z ) (W )
2 2
(3.14)  A( X )  
 (W ){g (Y , Z )   (Y ) ( Z )} 
(   ){g (Y , Z ) (W )  g (W , Z ) ( X )}  (W ){g ( X , Z )   ( Z ) ( X )}
2 2
 A(Y )  0
 (W ) g (W , Z )   (W ) ( Z )} 

putting Y  Z  ei in(3.14) and taking summation over i , 1  i  2n  1, we get

(3.15) ( 2   2 ) A(W ) ( X )  ( 2   2 ) A( X ) (W ) , for all vector fields W, X

Replacing X by  in (3.15), we get

(3.16) A(W )  (  )(W ) , for all vector fields W .

where A( )  g( ,  )  (  ) ,  being the vector fields associated to the 1 –form A that is
A( X )  g ( X ,  )

We can state the following result.

Theorem 3.2. In a  –recurrent trans-Sasakin manifold ( M 2 n1 , g ), n  1 , the characteristic vector

field  and the vector field  associated to the 1 –form A are co-directional and the the 1 –form A
given by A(W )  (  )(W ) .

4. Locally  -Ricci symmetric trans-Sasakian manifold

Let us consider that the manifold M 2 n1 is  –Ricci symmetric. Then from (2.1-c) (3.3), we have
(4.1)  ( X Q)(Y )   (( X Q)(Y ))  0

Taking the inner product of (4.1) with Z ,we have

(4.2)  g (( X Q)(Y ), Z )   (( X Q)(Y )) ( Z )  0

On simplifying, we get

(4.3)  S ( X Y , Z )  g ( X Q(Y ), Z )   (( X Q)(Y )) ( Z )  0

Replacing Y   in (4.3) and using (2.4)(2.10), we get

(4.4) S (X , Z )  S ( X , Z )   ( X ) S ( , Z )  2n( 2   2 )  ( ) g ( X  , Z )   (( X Q )(Y )) ( Z )  0

Replacing Z by Z in (4.4), we have

(4.5) S (X ,Z )  S ( X ,Z )   ( X )S ( ,Z )  2n( 2   2 )  ( ) g ( X  ,Z )  0

Using(2.10)(2.14),we get

(4.6) S ( X , Z )  2n( 2   2 )  ( )g ( X ,Z )  g ( X , Z )  g ( X ,Z )  (X ))  ( 2n  1)( X 

We can state the following result.

Theorem 4.1. If a trans-Sasakian manifold ( M 2 n1 , g ), n  1 is locally  -Ricci-symmetric then the

equation of Ricci tensor is given by (4.6)

5. Pseudo-projective  -recurrent trans-Sasakian manifold

Definition5.1.A trans-sasakian manifold is said to be pseudo-projective  -recurrent manifold if

there exist a non- zero 1 -form A such that

 2 (W P )( X , Y )Z   A(W ) P( X , Y ) Z
~ ~
(5.1)

for arbitrary vector fields X , Y , Z ,W .

~
where P is a pseudo-projective curvature tensor defined as

a 
P( X , Y ) Z  aR( X , Y ) Z  bS (Y , Z ) X  S ( X , Z )Y  
r
 bg (Y , Z ) X  g ( X , Z )Y 
~
(5.2) 
( 2 n  1)  2 n 

where a , b are constant such that a, b  0 , R is the curvature tensor, S is the Ricci tensor and r is
the scalar curvature

If the 1–form A vanishes, then the manifold reduces to a locally pseudo-projective  -symmetric
manifolds.
We consider that the manifold M 2 n1 to be a pseudo-projective  –recurrent then (2.1-c) and
(5.1), we have
~ ~ ~
(5.3)  (W P )( X , Y ) Z   ((W P )( X , Y ) Z )  A(W ) P( X , Y ) Z

From which it follows that

~ ~ ~
(5.4)  g (W P )( X , Y ) Z ,U )   ((W P )( X , Y ) Z ) (U )  A(W ) g ( P( X , Y ) Z ,U )

Let ei , i  1, 2, 3....2n  1 be the orthonormal basis of the tangent space at any point of the
manifold. Then putting X  U  ei in (5.4) and taking summation over i , 1  i  2n  1, we get

(5.5)  (2nb  a)(W S )(Y , Z )  b (W S )(Y , Z )  (W S )( , Z ) (Y )  0

Replacing Z by  and using (2.10) ,we get

 
(W S )(Y ,  )  2b(   n)( 2n( 2   2  ( ))  (W ) (Y )
 
(5.6)
 2b{(( X ) )  (2n  1)}(X )  (Y )  b((W ) )  b(2n  1)(W ) (Y )  0
2

Using (3.11) in (5.6), we get

(5.7)
 
S (Y , W )  ( a  ( 2n  1)b)( 2 n( 2   2 )  ( ))  2b(   n)( 2 n( 2   2  ( ))  (W ) (Y )
 {a  ( 2 n  1)b}[( 2 n( 2   2 )  ( ))(  W  )(Y )
  W ((Y ) )  ( ( W Y ) )  ((Y ) ) (W )  S (Y , W )
 [2b{(( 2 X )  ( 2 n  1)(X )}  b((W ) )  b( 2 n  1)(W )] (Y )

We can state the following results.

Theorem5.1. If a trans-Sasakian manifold ( M 2 n1 , g ), n  1 is a pseudo-projective  –recurrent then

the following relation (5.7) hold.

6. Three-dimensional locally  -Ricci symmetric trans-Sasakian manifold

In three-dimensional Riemannian manifold, we have

(6.1) R( X ,Y )Z  g (Y , Z )QX  g ( X , Z )QY  S (Y , Z ) X  S ( X , Z )Y 

r
g(Y , Z ) X  g( X , Z )Y 
2

Where Q is the Ricci operator i.e. g (QX ,Y )  S ( X ,Y ) and r is the scalar curvature

Putting Y  Z   in (6.1) and using (2.2-b) (2.6) (2.10) for n  3 , we get

 r 
QX    (2n( 2   2 )  2( )  (2n  1)( )  ( 2   2 ) X
 2 
 r
(6.2)  4n( 2   2 )  ( )  ( 2   2 )   ( X )
 2
  ( grad )  (2n  1)( grad ) ( X )  ((X ) )
 (2n  1)( X )  2X  ( )X

Using (2.12) in (6.2), we get

r 
QX    (2n( 2   2 )  2( )  (2n  1)( )  ( 2   2 ) X
2 
 r
(6.3)  4n( 2   2 )  ( )  ( 2   2 )   ( X )
 2
  ( grad )  (2n  1)( grad ) ( X )  ((X ) )  (2n  1)( X )

Taking the vector field X , Y orthogonal to 

(6.4)
r 
QX    (2n( 2   2 )  2( )  (2n  1)( )  ( 2   2 ) X  ((X ) )  (2n  1)( X )
2 

Taking covariant derivative (6.4) with respect to W ,we get

(6.5) W Q( X )  1 dr(W ) X

2

Operating both sides by  , we get

2

 2 W Q( X )  dr(W ) 2 X

1
(6.6)
2

We can state the following result.

Theore.6.1.A three-dimensional trans-Sasakian manifold ( M 2 n1 , g ), n  1 is locally-Ricci

symmetric if and only if the scalar curvature r is constant.
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