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No Experience Needed!
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................3
(2.) CONFIGURE
CONFIGURE TERMINAL EMULATOR SOFTWARE.......................................................5
SOFTWARE
2.1 CONFIGURE AN EMULATOR SESSION TO CONNECT TO THE DEMO SYSTEM VIA WINDOWS ....5
2.2 CUSTOMIZE THE TERMINAL EMULATOR SESSION ...............................................................8
2.3 CONFIGURE AN EMULATOR SESSION TO CONNECT TO THE DEMO SYSTEM VIA LINUX .........10
INTRODUCTION
The Mainframe Hands On Exercises for IBMers is just what it says! It is a three-part series of
hands on practice exercises designed to get you started on navigating the z/OS environment and
also designed to test your new skills:
With the current generation of mainframe programmers reaching retirement age, there is a
huge demand for mainframe skills. The purpose of these exercises is to stimulate interest in the
mainframe platform and to develop the next generation of mainframe programmers.
You don’t need to have any mainframe experience to perform the exercises so come with us on
this journey as we break the ice!
Approximate time to completion: 2 – 3 days (if you are new to the mainframe plan to spend
more time to understand the material)
The objective of this part of the exercise is to get you acquainted with the mainframe interface
as well as with some basic user commands. The instructions below will lead you through
exactly what you need to do to successfully complete Part 1 of the exercise. Good luck!
:
Before starting this practice exercise, you will need to request a DEMOMVS user ID before you
can access the Demo system. Go to the link below to request a User ID on the System z Demo
System (DEMOMVS):
__2. On the DEMOcentral Registration & Log In page, if you have not registered before, click
the New Customer button.
__3. On the Create Customer Record page, enter the requested information and click the
Validate button.
Your BluePage information will be used to create your initial customer record in the
DEMOcentral database.
__4. Once you have registered with DEMOcentral, return to the DEMOMVS demo system page
at http://w3.demopkg.ibm.com/LPage/DNDEMOMVSACCESS. Click the How to request a
user ID button near the top of the page. Log in with your IBM Internet e-mail address and
IBM Intranet password.
__6. To get the second ID, go to the DEMOMVS demo system page at
http://w3.demopkg.ibm.com/LPage/DNDEMOMVSACCESS .
As was the case with the first user ID, you will get a confirmation email that your request has
been received. Within 24 hours, the Help Desk should email your user ID, password and access
instructions.
2.1 Configure an Emulator Session to Connect to the DEMO system via Windows
PCOMM should already be installed on your system if you have the IBM Client for e-business
image. If you do not have PCOMM, you can install it from the IBM Standard Software Installer
(http://w3-1.ibm.com/download/standardsoftware/).
__1. Start IBM Personal Communications by clicking:
Start All Programs IBM Personal Communications Start or Configure Sessions.
Sessions.
__2. In the Session Manager window, click the New Session button.
__5. You can customize the Terminal Emulator Session screen size to display more lines of text
on the screen. The default is 24 lines, but it may be helpful to increase this to 32 lines.
Click the Session Parameters button.
__7. The PCOMM session should connect to DEMOMVS and look like the screen below:
__8. If the Terminal Emulator Session does not connect to DEMOMVS as shown above, you
might have a network or firewall problem preventing you from connecting to the Demo
system. Test your network connection by pinging the Demo system. In a Windows
environment, open a "MS-DOS Prompt" window. Start > Run > cmd > OK.
OK
You should see successful replies to the ping command if you can connect to the Demo system
via the network.
You can configure the Enter key to submit your command to the Demo system by customizing
the Keyboard Setup.
__1. In the PCOMM session, select Edit > Preferences > Keyboard.
Keyboard On the Keyboard Setup
screen, click the Customize button. Click to select the Enter key shown as (<
<-‘) on the
keyboard map. In the Function list, scroll down and select Enter.
Enter Click the -> button to
change the current base action for the selected key from [newline] to [enter].
[enter]
__2. Select File > Save to save your custom keyboard. Then close the Customize Keyboard
window.
__3. In the Keyboard Setup window, select Current Keyboard: User Defined and browse to the
custom keyboard file you just saved. Click OK.
OK
You can customize the Terminal Emulator Session to display the Demo system name in the title
bar. It will be helpful to display the system name if you have multiple sessions configured to
different systems.
__4. Select Edit > Preferences > Appearance > Window Setup.
Setup
__5. Under Window Title, deselect the first checkbox Long Session-
Session-ID, Session A..
A Select the
Session Name checkbox, and fill in the Session Name: DEMOMVS.
DEMOMVS Click OK.
OK
__6. Save the customized Terminal Emulator Session for future use. Select File > Save and give
the profile a name, such as DEMOMVS.ws. The next time you go to Start or Configure
Sessions,
Sessions there will be an icon for DEMOMVS.
2.3 Configure an Emulator Session to Connect to the DEMO system via Linux
This section will show you how to configure ERICOM Terminal Power Terminal Interconnect.
ERICOM should already be installed on your system if you have the IBM Linux image.
__5. In the Save Session Window, enter the Session Name DEMOMVS . Click OK . Click the
Connect button
The ERICOM session should connect to DEMOMVS and look like the screen below:
If the Terminal Emulator Session does not connect to DEMOMVS as shown above, you might
have a network or firewall problem preventing you from connecting to the Demo system. Test
your network connection by pinging the Demo system. You should see successful replies to the
ping command if you can connect to the Demo system via the network.
A quick note about z/OS: z/OS is the operating system for the mainframe and it is an upgrade of
what was previously called the OS/390. Both of these operating systems are an evolution of
MVS (Multiple Virtual Storage). There are still many references to MVS and OS/390 in
mainframe literature.
To gain access to the mainframe with your user ID, you need to login to TSO (Time Sharing
Option).
Here's where things will be a little different than what you are probably used to.
__1. To get to the TSO prompt, type: TSO on the welcome screen (most z/OS functions are not
CaSe SeNsItIvE), and then hit the right Ctrl key which is your enter key:
key
Remember that on the mainframe, the right Ctrl key enters commands, and the Enter key, along
with the arrows and tab key, is used for navigating the cursor, unless you have changed it as
explained on 2.2 Section “Customize the Terminal Emulator Session”.
__2. At the ENTER USERID prompt, put in your DEMOMVS ID and hit the right Ctrl key (enter
key). You will be taken to this screen on the next page:
__3. After you type in DEMOMVS ID and the temporary password, hit Ctrl. You will be
prompted to create a new password. Ensure that your new password meets the password
requirements stated in the guideline for requesting DEMOMVS IDs.
__4. Create your new password and enter it again for verification. You will be taken to the IBM
Dallas Demonstration Center DEMOMVS welcome screen.
__5. Notice at the bottom of the text, you see this: ***. The three asterisks mean that the system
is waiting for your input to continue. Press Ctrl to continue and you're on your way!
__6. The screen in front of you now is the starting point for much of what is done on the
mainframe, the ISPF Primary Option Menu (Interactive System Productivity Facility). Hit
Ctrl to clear the Copyright popup window:
ISPF is where the magic happens. You are officially logged into the z/OS mainframe via the
DEMOMVS system. You've completed the first three steps of Part 1 of this exercise.
Congratulations!
The default setting in ISPF is for the command line to be at the bottom of the screen. Most
systems programmers, though, prefer to have the command line at the top of the screen. Let's
change this to ensure consistency for this exercise.
__1. On the command line, press Ctrl key (enter key). This takes you to the ISPF Settings menu.
__2. On this screen, practice navigating through the menu by pressing the Tab key repeatedly.
The cursor will stop at every field on the screen. Now try pressing the Enter key
repeatedly. The cursor only stops at the leftmost field on any given line.
__3. Navigate to the field beside "Command line at bottom." Delete the "/" using the delete key
(the backspace key will bring you back a space but will not delete characters). Press Ctrl.
The command line jumps to the top of the screen:
__4. To get back to the ISPF Primary Option Menu, press F3. F3 almost always takes you to the
previous screen.
In z/OS, the F (function) keys are customizable by the user or the application. F3 is a very
important key to remember. If you accidentally hit F3 twice, you'll be taken all the way back to
the TSO READY prompt - to get back to the ISPF Primary Option Menu from here, enter ISPF
and press Ctrl.
__1. When you need to log off of z/OS, press F3 until you arrive at the TSO READY prompt.
Type LOGOFF and press Ctrl:
__2. You can now safely close the emulator window by pressing the Ctrl key. However, if you
have done more extensive work during your session, you will see this screen when you
attempt to F3 past the ISPF Primary Option Menu:
__3. If you encounter this screen (as you will after completing some of the later steps), select
option 2: "Delete data set without printing," and press Ctrl. You will then be taken to the
TSO READY prompt, where you can type LOGOFF to end your session.
Should you not follow this logoff procedure, you will get an error message when you try to log
back in: as seen below on the screen shot.
You will also get this error message if you lose your wireless internet connectivity while you are
still logged on to the DEMOMVS system.
__4. If any of these happen, to reconnect using your first ID that has been locked out, open
another PCOMM session and log into the DEMOMVS system using your second
DEMOMVS user ID.
__5. Enter 13.14 from the z/OS Primary Menu to access SDSF. Enter the command, OWNER
DNETXXX , where DNETxxx is your locked ID, to view only DNETXXX jobs.
__6. To view the status of the DNETxxx jobs enter ST on the command input.
__7. Next, end the DNETxxx TSO session by executing a ‘purge’ command on it as shown
below and press the ctrl key:
This should end the session for your locked out ID DNETxxx. You should now be able to log
back into the DEMOMVS system TSO session with your first ID. Notice that the TSO session will
always have a status of 'EXECUTION' and the JOBID will always begin with TSU.
(5.) Use ISPF facilities to locate the data sets created for your ID
e ISPF facilities to locate the data sets created for your ID
__1. From the ISPF main screen:
__3. Select option 4 (Dslist - short for data set list) and press Ctrl.
Let's take a look at some of the data sets that have already been created:
__4. On the line Dsname Level, type the data set name VITALITY and press Ctrl. You'll be
presented with a list of all of the system-generated data sets that are available in the data
set VITALITY..
A partitioned data set (PDS) is the mainframe equivalent of a folder or a directory. It contains
members, which you are probably used to calling "files." Let's have a look at the members within
the data set called VITALITY.CICSDB2.JCL.
VITALITY.CICSDB2.JCL
__5. Tab down until your cursor is beside it, type a b (for browse), and press Ctrl.
__6. You can also browse members by entering a b on the field next to them.
At this stage you should be comfortable navigating through the data sets and members. Next we
will create some new ones.
What else makes z/OS different? z/OS has very rich support for controlling resources, and this
spills over into its file system. When you make a new data set, you have to define how big it can
grow, as well as how its records are set up. z/OS needs to track each file because the disk access
speeds on the mainframe are amazing. Suppose you have a rogue program that has some flaw,
and it just keeps writing out to disk. If we left this unchecked on a mainframe, you could find
terabytes of data written out, filling up your disks. Before you realized what was happening it
would be too late. Not a big deal if that happens while you're downloading music on your PC,
but if this happened to a bank or an airline while processing millions of transactions, it could be
crippling. That's why the mainframe works the way it does. It's an important consideration in
large systems thinking!
(6.) Allocate a partitioned data set extended (PDSE) using ISPF panels
(6.) Allocate a partitioned data set extended (PDSE) using ISPF panels
__1. Press F3 until you are back at the ISPF Primary Option Menu. Select 3 (utilities). On the
next screen, select 2 (Data Set). You'll be taken to this screen:
Here, you need to supply the name of your new data set. Data sets are named with 1-8
character identifiers separated by periods, like this: VITALITY.DNET###.PARTONE. The system
automatically assumes that you want the first identifier to be your user ID unless you put single
quotes around the name. In this case, in the Data Set Name field, enter
‘VITALITY.DNET###.PARTONE’ (where DNET### is your DEMOMVS ID).
__2. On the option line, type A for Allocate new data set. Press Ctrl to continue.
This next screen is the one you use to customize your new data set. See how it says More: + in
the top right-hand corner? That means that the page is too large to fit on one screen.
__4. Set these values appropriately on this screen. Any field that is not explicitly mentioned in
italics above can be left blank or left with whatever default the system provided. Hit Ctrl
to continue.
On the next screen, notice the message in the top right corner: Data set allocated. Whenever
you see a message appear in the top right hand corner, you can hit the F1 key (Help key) for
additional information.
You've successfully created a new data set on the mainframe. Now let's create some data sets!
__1. F3 all the way back to the ISPF Primary Option Menu. Select option 2 (Edit). Let's name the
new member after your name.
__2. To create a member, input your data set name with the new member name (up to the first
eight letters of your first name- in this example we have used OGE as the new member
name) in parentheses directly afterwards, like in the screen shot below:
__3. Press Ctrl and the system will create a new member named your_name in the data set
VITALITY.DNETXXX.PARTONE and automatically open it in an editor session.
(8.) Enter three lines of text into your new data set member
of text into your new data set member
You are now in the ISPF editor, looking at a blank member:
__4. Move your cursor to the first line of blank space (two lines under the first "-" in "-
Warning-"):
__6. When you are finished entering the text, press Ctrl. (If at any point you make a mistake
and would like a clean slate, enter CAN (short for cancel) on the command line. Your
work will not be saved, and you will return to the previous screen. Press Ctrl on that
screen, and you will have a fresh data set member again. You can also enter HELP at any
time on the command line for more information about the ISPF editor.)
The ISPF editor is very careful to preserve system resources. It has made the member exactly
three lines long, and chopped off the excess blank lines.
__7. To save your work, type SAVE on the command line and press Ctrl.
Now let's practice some simple ISPF editor commands - the basic tools for editing and modifying
members.
__1. To insert more blank lines, use the I command (for insert). Editor commands go in the
numbered field beside the lines of text, right on top of the existing line numbers.
__2. Let's insert two lines by putting the I2 command on the third line (go ahead and type right
over the line numbers that are there):
__3. Now press Ctrl. Two blank lines have been created:
__4. To do this, put a CC on the first line you want to copy, and a CC on the last line you want
to copy (the first and third lines of your text, respectively). To tell the editor to paste the
copied section fifty times, go to the last line, and put an A50 in the command field (the
letter A stands for "paste After this line." The letter B would paste it Before the line.)
__5. Now press Ctrl. Your haiku (or whatever you typed) has now repeated fifty times, off the
bottom of the screen:
__6. Notice that one blank line ― ISPF doesn't like wasted resources. Paging up and down
using F7 and F8 will automatically delete blank lines. You can also delete the blank line by
putting a D to the left of it and pressing enter, if you prefer. Delete the line now:
You can use DD the same way you used CC to delete sections of text, as well.
__7. To do this, use the R (repeat) command. Type R10 on the first line:
__8. Now press Ctrl, and your first line repeats ten times, with new line numbers to match:
You've now learned how to log into a mainframe, to browse and create data sets, and to create
and edit your own data set member. Not too shabby. Now let's run an executable program
against the member you created.
More background to explore: Why do I have to keep pressing page up and page down?
Probably the most unfamiliar part of the ISPF editor is the fact that it doesn't just automatically
scroll up and down like most PC editors do. There is a good reason for this! It's for efficiency's
sake. In the non-mainframe world, when you are using an editor that scrolls in real-time, going
through the network to a server, you are always sending data back and forth to the server (for
just about every keystroke). With mainframes (and the emulator you're using), data is only sent
to the mainframe when you hit the Ctrl key or a function (F#) key. This saves a lot of traffic.
When you have upwards of 10,000 or more folks working at the same time, those few bytes on
the network can mean a big savings, especially if it's over an expensive wide area network
(WAN) link!
__1. F3 out of your data set member - it will save automatically (if you ever want to quit
without saving, QQUIT on the command line will do the trick. The extra Q lets the editor
know that you're serious about deleting your work.)
__2. From the ISPF Primary Option screen, select option 6: Command.
This screen lets you enter TSO commands from ISPF. We need to execute a REXX program
(REXX is a powerful, user-friendly programming language used on the mainframe) that is
stored in the member VITALITY.ZOS.CONTEST.REXX(COUNT) against the member you created.
"EX
EX"
EX is the TSO command for "EXECUTE
EXECUTE."
EXECUTE
Remember, the *** means that the system is waiting for your input.
The program has now executed. Let's go and see what it did.
__6. Instead of using F3 to back out to the ISPF Primary Option Menu, let's use a shortcut. On
the command line, enter "=3.4"
=3.4":
=3.4"
__7. This is the same as choosing option 3 from the Primary Option Menu, then choosing 4 on
the next screen. You should recognize the screen you are now looking at:
__8. Make sure that the High Level Qualifier VITALITY is specified on the Dsname Level field,
and press Ctrl.
__9. On the next screen, put an E for edit beside the data VITALITY.DNET##. PARTONE:
PARTONE
__10. Press Ctrl. There is a new member in your data set now, named like your user ID.
ID Put an
E beside it and press Ctrl to have a look.
The REXX exec counted each occurrence of the lines of your haiku (plus your favorite color),
and generated output to this new member accordingly.
IMPORTANT: Type SAVE on the command line and press Ctrl to save your work!
After you save the member, you can verify that it was saved correctly by the message in the
upper right-hand corner, "Member DNET### saved”
saved”
__11. F3 back one screen. The prompt informs you that the member was edited: