Notes From Computing Concepts - Managing Data

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<BODY><PRE>Notes from Computing Concepts: Managing Data
------------ Unit 4 of 4, page 2 of 33 ------------
About This Unit
As you learned earlier, jobs are processed in the CPU.
Job processing is controlled by a series of programs called the Operating System
(OS). Each of the components of the OS performs unique functions:
I/O processing
Job selection
Error recovery
Multiprocessing.............on and on and on...
In this unit you will learn about an overview of how a job is selected and proce
ssed in this unit.
----------------------------------------------------
------------ Unit 4 of 4, page 2 of 33 ------------
About This Unit
As you learned earlier, jobs are processed in the CPU.
Job processing is controlled by a series of programs called the Operating System
(OS). Each of the components of the OS performs unique functions:
I/O processing
Job selection
Error recovery
Multiprocessing.............on and on and on...
In this unit you will learn about an overview of how a job is selected and proce
ssed in this unit.
----------------------------------------------------
------------ Unit 4 of 4, page 3 of 33 ------------
Objectives
After completing this unit, you should be able to:
Explain how job processing works
----------------------------------------------------
------------ Unit 4 of 4, page 4 of 33 ------------
Getting Started
Not only are there many functions performed by an OS but there are also many Ope
rating Systems!
MVS - Multiple Virtual Systems VS1 - Virtual Systems 1 DOS - Disk Operating Sys
tem
To name but a few.
Each one has unique characteristics that are appropriate for certain environment
s.
MVS for large systems ———————————— DOS for small systems
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------------ Unit 4 of 4, page 5 of 33 ------------
Think About It
It seems, so far, as if an OS would perform several functions. But it probably
has a lot of overhead associated with it so if you can get by without one ... it
's best to do so.
You're right. Without an OS a large computer system would be wasted as I'll exp
lain shortly.
----------------------------------------------------
------------ Unit 4 of 4, page 6 of 33 ------------
Running Multiple Jobs
Without an OS only one job could be running at any one time. And the tasks that
we take for granted now in programming that job, such as input/output operations
, would not be available.
Many computer resources would be wasted.
The CPU is extremely fast. While you are reading this page of text, it could be
computing all the prime numbers from 1 to 1000 (and probably lots more).
----------------------------------------------------
------------ Unit 4 of 4, page 7 of 33 ------------
OS = Power
The OS gives us the means to harness all that power.
By writing programs to allow the system to supervise its own activities, it wil
l work at maximum capacity.
. . . I get tired just thinking of working like that!!!!
It does create overhead, but in most cases it is well worth it.
----------------------------------------------------
------------ Unit 4 of 4, page 8 of 33 ------------
Think About It
Which do you think is faster, the CPU or the peripheral devices?
Yes, it's much faster.
That's another reason for Operating Systems. Since they can supervise their own
activities, they can allow one job to do computations while another job reads i
n data.
They allow tasks to be completed in the CPU while the slower peripheral devices
do their thing!
----------------------------------------------------
------------ Unit 4 of 4, page 9 of 33 ------------
The Operating System
So, just think of the Operating System as a traffic cop.
It keeps everything flowing smoothly.
But, you ask, where are all the jobs held before execution
. . .(certainly not in prison!!!!)
and how is each one selected for processing?
To understand this we will explore the benefits of the Job Entry Subsystem (JES)
.
----------------------------------------------------
------------ Unit 4 of 4, page 10 of 33 ------------
Job Entry Subsystem
The Job Entry Subsystem (JES) is the part of the OS that
Scans your job for JCL errors,
Puts it in an input queue to await execution, and
Selects it from an output queue to be printed.
There are two new terms that we haven't discussed.
Go on to the next page to see if you can figure out what they mean.
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------------ Unit 4 of 4, page 11 of 33 ------------
Think About It
Select the appropriate example(s).
Input and Output queues work about the same as...
a waiting line at a bank.
a check out line at a grocery store.
a line of cars at a red light.
all of the above
They are all correct.
The basic idea is that everyone is queued for processing or service.
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