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features
46 Clean Air Regulations Coming to
Your Fabrication Shop
W
BY THOMAS J. SCHLAFLY
NA
compliance with the new requirements by
July 25, 2011.
business issues
36 Performance-Based Seismic
Design
BY RONALD O. HAMBURGER, S.E., P.E., AND
80 AEC Job Search Tips for 2011
BY ANNE SCARLETT
JOHN D. HOOPER, S.E., P.E. Things are looking up, so fuel your
An explanation of specific performance confidence, then let it shine.
criteria and how the process works.
people to know
40 Behavior and Design of Steel
90 Of Motions Large and Small
Slit Panel Frames for Seismic A lifelong interest in railroads and structural
Resistance vibration have accompanied Tom Murray
BY JUDY LIU, PH.D. around the world.
An update on what research is showing about
this promising lateral force resisting system.
in every issue
42 Recent Research on Column Base
Connections departments resources
BY AMIT M. KANVINDE, PH.D., AND GREGORY G.
DEIERLEIN, P.E., PH.D. 6 EDITOR’S NOTE 55 EXHIBITORS
Extensive testing is helping quantify the
conservatism in current design approaches. 9 STEEL INTERCHANGE 84 NEW PRODUCTS
ON THE COVER: The 2011 NASCC: The Steel Conference, May 11-14 in Pittsburgh, features more than 90 sessions.
MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION (Volume 51, Number 4. ISSN (print) 0026-8445: ISSN (online) 1945-0737. Published monthly by the American Institute of Steel
Construction (AISC), One E. Wacker Dr., Suite 700, Chicago, IL 60601. Subscriptions: Within the U.S.—single issues $6.00; 1 year, $44; 3 years $120. Outside the
U.S.—single issues $9.00; 1 year $88; 3 years $216. Periodicals postage paid at Chicago, IL and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Please send address changes
to MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION, One East Wacker Dr., Suite 700, Chicago, IL 60601.
AISC does not approve, disapprove, or guarantee the validity or accuracy of any data, claim, or opinion appearing under a byline or obtained or quoted from
an acknowledged source. Opinions are those of the writers and AISC is not responsible for any statement made or opinions expressed in MODERN STEEL
CONSTRUCTION. All rights reserved. Materials may not be reproduced without written permission, except for noncommercial educational purposes where fewer than
25 photocopies are being reproduced. The AISC and MSC logos are registered trademarks of AISC.
Editorial Offices
1 E. Wacker Dr., Suite 700
Chicago, IL 60601
312.670.2400 tel
312.896.9022 fax
Editorial Contacts
EARLY EACH YEAR, AISC VICE PRESIDENT AND CHIEF STRUCTURAL ENGINEER CHARLIE EDITOR & PUBLISHER
CARTER GETS TOGETHER WITH MY BOYS TO HELP THEM WITH THEIR PINEWOOD Scott L. Melnick
312.670.8314
DERBY CARS. Charlie’s not only an Eagle Scout but my wife is a lot more confident that my kids melnick@modernsteel.com
will keep all of their fingers when Charlie helps them with power tools than when I do. SENIOR EDITOR
Thomas L. Klemens, P.E.
My middle child, Joshua, was mostly interested we all benefit from learning new ways to look at 312.670.8316
in style points and designed a licorice-colored and to solve these problems. AISC offers a wide klemens@modernsteel.com
futuristic car with plenty of angles and curves. range of solutions to help. There’s an incredible ASSISTANT EDITOR
Tasha O’Berski
On the other hand, my ultra-competitive array of information available on our website, and 312.670.5439
youngest son, Jason, was only interested in if you don’t quickly find what you’re looking for, oberski@modernsteel.com
speed and designed his car as a wedge under the the answer is almost always one call (866.ask.aisc) DIRECTOR OF PUBLISHING
Areti Carter
theory that the shape would reduce air friction. or email (solutions@aisc.org) away—though the 312.670.5427
However, one engineer at AISC suggested AISC Steel Solutions Center tends to be much areti@modernsteel.com
that for a non-powered vehicle, it was just as more proficient with questions about the steel GRAPHIC DESIGNER
Kristin Egan
important to reduce drag created by downward Specification than questions about wood cars. 312.670.8313
pressure on the wheels and instead suggested Continuing education is a great opportunity to egan@modernsteel.com
more of a wing design—both reducing air expand your knowledge. Again, AISC has plenty AISC Officers
friction and downward pressure. Jason loved the of opportunities available, ranging from online CHAIRMAN
David Harwell
theory and his car was appropriately redesigned. presentations to webinars to live seminars. For VICE CHAIRMAN
In practice, it turned out that neither model example, for no charge you can watch a program William B. Bourne, III
much mattered. One car averaged 2.310 seconds on “Ethics and Accountability” or take a course TREASURER
over four time trials; the other 2.315 (yes, at on “Specifying Camber: Rules of Thumb for Stephen E. Porter
SECRETARY & GENERAL
our Cub Scout den we use a laser-based system Designers.” (If you want PDHs, there is a $25 fee COUNSEL
hooked up to a computer to clock the time trials). for AISC members/$50 fee for non-members). David B. Ratterman
The problem was that we understood the More than 30 programs are offered as “boxed PRESIDENT
theory behind the wing but couldn’t really lunch” continuing education on the AISC Roger E. Ferch, P.E.
VICE PRESIDENT AND CHIEF
execute it. It definitely wouldn’t have been in website—for a complete list of these programs, as STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
the spirit of the competition (where most of well as our webinars, seminars, and podcasts, visit Charles J. Carter, S.E., P.E., Ph.D.
the work is done by the kids) to have used a www.aisc.org/elearning. VICE PRESIDENT
computer and a wind-tunnel testing program And, of course, no mention of AISC Jacques Cattan
VICE PRESIDENT
to develop an optimal shape and then to educational programs would be complete John P. Cross, P.E.
successfully translate that shape to wood (not without a mention of NASCC: The Steel VICE PRESIDENT
to mention the practical issue of having an Conference. Scheduled for May 11–14 in Scott L. Melnick
eight-year-old do the cutting and sanding of Pittsburgh (www.aisc.org/nascc), it’s an Advertising Contact
something that precise). opportunity for designers, fabricators, detailers, Account Manager
Louis Gurthet
And, as one competitor showed us, it turns erectors, and others involved in the design and 231.228.2274 tel
out there is a much simpler way to accomplish construction of steel buildings to attend more 231.228.7759 fax
gurthet@modernsteel.com
the same thing. Rather than accomplish the drag than 90 seminars, see the latest product offerings
For advertising information, con-
reduction by aerodynamics, turn to basic physics. from more than 200 exhibitors, and discuss tact Louis Gurthet or visit
The trick is to reduce the number of wheels issues with your peers. (For a free sampling of www.modernsteel.com
in contact with the ground. The solution is to sessions from the past two years, visit www. Address Changes and
literally raise the axle on one rear wheel slightly aisc.org/2009nascconline and www.aisc. Subscription Concerns
312.670.5444 tel
(you want to do the rear wheel rather than a org/2010nascconline.) 312.893.2253 fax
front wheel or the car won’t track correctly) and I’ll be waiting for you in AISC’s booth admin@modernsteel.com
at the same time shift the car’s weight to the (#1243) to hear your ideas about pinewood Reprints
Betsy White
other side (all of the cars use non-lead weights derby cars. The Reprint Outsource, Inc.
to meet the 5 oz. maximum so it’s relatively easy 717.394.7350
bwhite@reprintoutsource.com
to side-load the car).
All of us face problems each day—sometimes
they’re design issues, sometimes construction. And SCOTT MELNICK
EDITOR
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Attaching Fill Plates Heath Mitchell is director of technical assistance, Martin Anderson is steel solution center
specialist, and Erin Criste is staff engineer, technical assistant at AISC. Brad Davis and Larry
The 13th Edition AISC Steel Construction Manual Table 4-3 Muir are consultants to AISC.
Case 1-C shows fill plates shop bolted to the upper shaft.
Can fill plates be shop tack welded in lieu of bolting? Steel Interchange is a forum to exchange useful and practical professional ideas and
information on all phases of steel building and bridge construction. Opinions and
suggestions are welcome on any subject covered in this magazine.
If the fill is no more than ¼ in. thick or there is no design load The opinions expressed in Steel Interchange do not necessarily represent an official
being transferred through the bolts, the fill has no structural position of the American Institute of Steel Construction and have not been reviewed. It is
recognized that the design of structures is within the scope and expertise of a competent
significance and can be tack welded in place. If the bolts are being licensed structural engineer, architect or other licensed professional for the application of
designed for a given load and the fill is greater than ¼ in. thick, principles to a particular structure.
the design must conform to the requirements of AISC Specification If you have a question or problem that your fellow readers might help you solve, please
forward it to us. At the same time, feel free to respond to any of the questions that you
Section J5 and, depending on the design approach, the shop bolts have read here. Contact Steel Interchange via AISC’s Steel Solutions Center:
may be required to develop the fill. Alternatively, the fill can be
developed by welding.
Larry S. Muir, P.E.
One East Wacker Dr., Suite 700
Chicago, IL 60601
tel: 866.ASK.AISC • fax: 312.803.4709
solutions@aisc.org
1 What is the preferable slenderness ratio limit between 6 What will be the color of the 14th Edition AISC Steel
connectors for built-up tension members? Construction Manual?
a) 200 b) 300 c) 400 d) No limit a) Green b) Red c) Brown d) Burgundy
2 True/False: Inelastic rotation demands should be 7 True/False: The Whitmore section is the width at the
considered when detailing a Special Moment Frame end of a joint that is determined by spreading the
column base. force from the start of the joint 30 degrees to each side
of the connecting element along the line of force.
3 In Table 10-5 (All-Bolted Unstiffened Seated Connections)
in the 13th Edition AISC Steel Construction Manual, what 8 In bolted connections, what is the maximum number of
is the definition of Nreq? bolts that can be used parallel to the line of force?
a) Number of bolts a) 6 b) 8
b) Spacing of bolts c) 15 d) No maximum limit
c) Required bearing length
d) Minimum angle length 9 True/False: In order to increase the capacity of a welded
double- or single-angle simple shear connection, it is
4 True/False: Finger shims, when inserted fully against the permitted to weld the entire width of the angle legs at
bolt shank, are acceptable for slip-critical connections. both the top and the bottom.
5 True/False: Galvanized surfaces are not permitted in 10 True/False: Prying action occurs in both welded and
slip-critical connections. bolted connections.
BENT ON SATISFACTION
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While the thousands of people who will be passing through this area every
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project work because of our specialty capabilities for heavy-duty fabrication.
When you’re doing work for one of America’s most hallowed grounds,
you tend to feel differently. Fabricating 24-foot columns and column base
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steel quiz ANSWERS
1 (b) The User Note in Section D4 at the base of the column. The column 4 True. Finger shims are suitable as
of the 2010 AISC Specification base detail must accommodate the noted in part 9 of the 13th Edition
states, “The longitudinal spacing of required hinging rotations while AISC Manual (see page 9-15). for
connectors between components maintaining the strength required to the effect of fillers and shims on
should preferably limit the provide the mechanism envisioned by available joint strength, see Section
slenderness ratio in any component the designer.” J5 in the 2010 AISC Specification.
between the connectors to 300.”
3 (c) Nreq is the required bearing length 5 False. Galvanized steel can be used in
2 True. The Commentary to AISC for the limit states of local web yield- slip-critical connections and is treated
Seismic Provisions (AISC 341) states in ing and local web crippling for the as Class A surface. To comply with the
Section 8.5c, “A ductile moment frame supported beam with an all-bolted requirements for a Class A surface,
is usually expected to develop a hinge unstiffened seated connection. the AISC Specification requires
that galvanized faying surfaces be
roughened by hand wire brushing.
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news
APRIL 2011
This Month in MSC People and Firms
➤ New EPA regulations are about to kick in, and they require more than passive • William F. Baker, Jr.,
compliance from structural steel fabricators. AISC’s Tom Schlafly provides a brief S.E., p.E., has been
explanation beginning on page 46. elected to membership
in the National academy
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OnTerra Web
way to access images MicroStation, QGIS, GlobalMapper, New Larger HP Shapes
from Bing maps for a and Gaia. It is available for $2 per user
Mapping Available
AISC-member Nucor-Yamato is now
producing H16 and H18 sections, the
first new H-pile sizes in decades. The new
sections of HP16 and HP18—the country’s
largest H-piles ever produced—give
engineers and contractors a more economical
way to construct deep foundations for
buildings and bridges. Another possible
benefit of these shapes: using them as
columns in building construction.
“HP shapes have webs that are the
same thickness as the flanges, in contrast
to W-shapes where the web is thinner,”
says Charles J. Carter, S.E., P.E., Ph.D.,
AISC’s vice president and chief structural
engineer. “A thicker web will reduce the
need for stiffeners and doublers. Stiffeners
cost hundreds of dollars each and a typical
doubler plate might cost a thousand
dollars. Total these numbers per moment-
connected column and that’ll add up
quickly. Plus, the HP section weight might
be less than the W-shape weight required
to eliminate the stiffeners and doublers.”
The ASTM standard specification for
structural shapes and piling products now
includes a total of 10 new HP16 and HP18
profile sections. Six are within the HP16
range, varying from 88 to 183 lb per ft in
20-lb increments, and four are within the
HP18 range, varying from 135 to 204 lb
per ft with about the same increments.
Until now, the industry has relied on four
nominal sizes of H-Piles: HP8, HP10,
HP12 and HP14.
Dimensions and properties of the H16
and H18 sections are now available on
the Nucor Yamato website and will be
included in the AISC 14th Edition Steel
Construction Manual, scheduled to be
released later this year. To download the
information now, visit www.nucoryamato.
com, select Sales Info,
then Product Catalog,
or go to http://bit.ly/
fEATVt. HP dimensions
1915 Old Philadelphia Pike
P.O. Box 10008 717.207.4303 and properties are on
Lancaster, PA 17605-0008 www.highsteel.com pages 38 and 39 of the
PDF document. H16 and H18
Shape Data (N-Y)
18 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION april 2011
news
EVENTS
Key Registration Information for 2011 NASCC: The Steel Conference
Our calendars say it’s officially springtime, downloadable PDF files of the NASCC conference. Check your mailboxes the
which means this year’s North American Schedule-At-A-Glance and the NASCC week of May 2 for these materials.
Steel Construction Conference is just Advance Program (which also was an insert The Steel Conference offers more than
around the corner. If you haven’t already, with the January issue of MSC). 90 technical sessions and is the premier
mark May 11-14 as “at NASCC: The Full registration for AISC members is educational event for structural engineers,
Steel Conference in Pittsburgh” and $390 (and the third registrant from your fabricators, erectors, and detailers. In
join the more than 3,500 other industry firm gets a discounted rate of $195). Full addition to practical seminars on the latest
professionals expected to attend. Here are registration for non-AISC members is $550 design concepts and construction techniques,
some important deadlines and tidbits to (and the third registrant from your firm gets the Conference offers an extensive trade
keep in mind to register for the conference a discounted rate of $285). Your registration show (featuring products ranging from
and plan your trip to Steel City. gains you admittance to technical sessions, structural software to machinery for cutting
NASCC 2011 pre-registration keynote address, the T.R. Higgins Lecture, steel beams) and plentiful networking
discounts are available through May 5. and the exhibition hall. opportunities. It’s a once-a-year opportunity
After that date, on-site registration rates April 18 is the deadline to book your to learn the latest techniques, see the most
apply. For convenient online registration, hotel room at one of the official NASCC innovative products, and network with your
go to www.aisc.org/nascc. The website hotels in Pittsburgh before the blocks are peers and clients.
also offers program information to help released, and reservations will then be And, d o n ’t
in planning to get based on availability forget about those
the most out of the at higher rates. PDHs (Professional
technical seminars, It’s also the date Development
networking, and to register by in Hours); you can earn
product showcase. order to receive up to 28 of them at
Select “Schedule” for your name badge The Conference.
an overall timetable and registration 2011 NaSCC
Schedule-at-a-Glance
for the week’s events materials in the
as well as links to 2011 NaSCC: mail prior to the 2011 NaSCC
The Steel Conference advance program
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WE ALL KNOW that there is a higher being that will judge documents is crucial to the fabricator during the bid process,
us when the time comes. At the end of our careers, when we’re procurement, and throughout the connection design and
trying to pass through the galvanized steel gates to the engi- detailing processes. Likewise, this information is critical to
neers’ paradise, how will we be judged? Will we be doomed the SER’s review/approval process.
to an eternity of writing and answering endless RFIs, or will
we pass through to a rapture of topping-out parties and award The Commandments
ceremonies? Will we be considered sinners or saints? To what 1. Thou shalt have no other standard than the one
moral and ethical imperatives should we adhere? you want used for connection design.
Together we have compiled a list of dos and don’ts, com- It is all too common to find references to multiple stan-
mandments if you will, to be followed when communicat- dards and specifications in project specifications and structural
ing connection design requirements. Collectively we offer drawings, including references to different versions of the
perspectives from the three disciplines involved in structural same standard or specification. To some extent, this may be
steel connection design: the structural engineer of record necessary. However, the SER should state clearly in the Gen-
(SER), the fabricator, and the connection designer. eral Notes for Structural Steel which standard or specification
Although we can’t guarantee that the likes of Eiffel, Roe- should be used by the connection designer for the design of
bling, Strauss, Telford, and Khan will welcome you with the structural steel connections.
open arms, we do suggest that if you remain vigilant to the Notes contained within the project specifications, gen-
following “ten commandments,” a sentence to an eternity in eral notes, framing notes, and connection concept drawings
RFI purgatory is less likely. should be coordinated and consistent.
It is very common for the structural engineer to have 2. Thou shalt not produce incomplete details/
the fabricator perform the connection design as part of drawings and expect them to be worshiped.
their contract (this is now covered explicitly in the 2010 SER’s typically will add a note in the contract documents
AISC Code of Standard Practice, which is a free download at that states, “Where connection details are not complete, the
www.aisc.org/code). In order for the fabricator to provide fabricator shall provide a design for that connection.” Where
accurate, economical, and code-compliant connections, it details are meant to be conceptual, leave out specifics unless
is imperative that the SER and connection designer clearly they are sacred. Providing partial design information leads
and accurately communicate the information related to the connection designer to believe that the ¼-in. fillet weld
the design of the connections. The information pertinent shown on a concept detail is what is required.
to connection design that is provided in the construction Where specific design methodologies are required, the
BIM AND IPD should no longer be “buzzwords.” The tech- Export the file to Bentley’s RAM Structural System. The
nology, education and worker skill sets are present for both RAM model is populated with only levels and grids. The imme-
building information modeling and integrated project delivery. diate benefit is that the columns will be locked into the same
The question is how should we use these systems in a practical position in both programs, minimizing errors related to round-
application? First off, we know that steel structures are the ideal ing tolerances. Now we are off to build the analytical model.
material for model exchange and ultimately IPD projects. Model the columns and beams. Insert slab edges and design
There are many answers and approaches related to “how loads. Input all design criteria into the analytical model. Basi-
do we…” A proven practical approach is to start with under- cally use the analytical model as you historically have. Run
standing your firm’s analytical and BIM documentation tools your analysis; design all of your beams and columns.
and their respective limitations. Do not allow yourself to hit Now we are ready to transfer the information into Revit.
a ceiling due to a perceived limitation; rather, develop a work After importing the analytical model information, quickly
around and embrace the opportunity. glance at the information to verify the reactions, camber and
There are many combinations of tools and programs that sizes have come across. Your framing plans and columns are
engineers throughout the country use with various levels of now in place.
success. Many programs have external tools to allow the two The next steps are the time-savers and efficiencies. Use the
platforms to transfer information. Our focus on these engineer- beam annotation tool to populate the beam sizes, reactions
ing tools will be limited to Revit Structure and Bentley RAM. and cambers. Your framing plans are now pretty much set.
The key to the success of any integration process is under- There is a need for a “clean up” process. Manually input
standing what the programs are capable of doing. To start, our additional framing information for foundations, moment
system relies on the KISS method—Keep It Simple Silly. frames, collectors, drags and braces as required. Adjust
Start with a Revit file with a linked architectural model. column heights for sloping roofs, splice locations and base
Then copy/monitor the grids and levels. Our next steps have plates. At this time, update the model for all structural ele-
been tested, and proved to be time-efficient. There are other ments that were not modeled analytically.
approaches; however, this matches our comfort level for both Typically we do not model structural loads in Revit.
accuracy and time management. Rather, we input structural loading criteria only into RAM.
This eliminates redundancy, and the industry standard today
has only the engineer using the information.
On a typical three-story, 100,000-sq.-ft building, we will
spend less than a half day going from the analytical model to
fully populated framing plans. Place a few BIM-generated
schedules on the plans, and you have a great start to a com-
plete set of documents.
A quick side note: Our template houses hundreds of stan-
dard details, legends, symbols, and sheet notes. This type of
information does not affect the interoperable communica-
tion between the BIM and analytical programs. Coupling
the template base and with the bidirectional linking, our
documents are well defined compared to the time invested.
One common question is, “What is your quality control
process for the electronic information transfer?” My answer
is simple: It is the same as before, when you had an engineer
and a drafter. The engineer will use a highlighter to back
check and review the drawings between the final documents
and the engineer design. The process is much more efficient
importing the engineer’s CiS/2-compliant model into its structural than the traditional red mark days. We also can eliminate the
➤
steel detailing program, the fabricator adds the connections. human error—no more 23 kips instead of 32 kips.
➤
➤
model, left, are exported as the basis for the structural
analytical model, above, locking in the column locations.
Now it is time to share the model with the steel fabri- ware and have our detailers put together connections and
cator. Communication is key during the model exchange. calculations with assistance from our in-house engineer. At
When transferring models, the EOR must communicate any the same time, detailers begin further 3D modeling of such
known inaccuracies (edge of slabs, beam locations at roof- items as pour stop, embedded items, fascia items and other
top equipment, sloping or curved members to name a few). miscellaneous framing. In keeping with the BIM structure,
Modeling issues will exist, but as long as the issues are open everything is kept current and up-to-date in the model.
and disclosed everyone can address them and move forward. During this process we can expect numerous changes
The situation can be complicated by mill order projects ver- and additional information to be provided. In breaking from
sus core and shell projects versus design-bid build projects. the typical process of receiving bulletins every few weeks,
But for all, communication is key to project success. the lines of communication are open and there is coordina-
tion taking place virtually every day between the EOR and
The Fabricators Turn the fabricator. The information exchanged is always shared
There are many reasons receiving a model from the engi- with the contractor to keep them in the loop with any and all
neer is beneficial to the fabricator and to the project as a whole. changes and updates. Keeping these lines of communication
Being able to place a timely mill order and staying consistent open between all parties in this manner can save considerable
with the contract drawings are at the top of the list. time and money for all involved, including the owner, because
Once we receive the model from the engineer we open changes and updates can be implemented on the fly and typi-
the RAM model with Bentley RAM and export a CIS/2- cally are made before fabrication of the affected members.
compliant model highlighting the information we require to Once significant progress is made in the model we start put-
be brought over, including loads and column splice locations. ting together 2D details for review. Detail sheets are then created
We then import this CIS/2 model using the “Design Link” and the corresponding members have their status updated in the
module in SDS/2, our structural steel detailing software. 3D model for approval. The status options used for approval
Once imported, we can process the job and review it against allow both the fabricator and engineer to have a visual aide as
the contract documents and any of the known inaccuracies to what is being sent for approval and what has been reviewed.
provided to us by the EOR. After this process, which typi- There are many other statuses we as a fabricator use that the
cally takes less than a day, we have SDS/2 create an advance engineer can also make use of, such as pieces released for fabrica-
bill of material for purchasing which generally includes all tion, pieces held, and galvanized pieces. This allows the engineer
wide-flange, channel and HSS beams, columns and braces. to obtain valuable information from within the model.
At this point we are able
to hit the ground running
with beginning our 3D
modeling. Because SDS/2
has extensive connection
design capabilities, we typi- James A. Corsiglia, S.E., P.E., LEED AP
cally expect upwards of 80% is the structural discipline leader for Har-
of the connections to be ley Ellis Devereaux, Southfield, Mich. He
designed by the software can be reached at jacorsiglia@hedev.com.
with calculations provided Richard Steffens is an engineering job cap-
at the click of a mouse. We tain with Douglas Steel Fabricating Corpo-
then review the connections ration, Lansing, Mich., and can be reached
not designed by the soft- at rsteffens@douglassteel.com.
THE BUCKLINg-RESTRAINED BRACE (BRB) was intro- The BRB is typically placed in a concentrically braced frame,
duced in the United States in the late 1990s and since then has forming a configuration referred to as a BRBF. This lateral-load
been used in more than 350 structures. Over the last 10 years, the resisting system is used most often for structures in seismic
technology has reached a significant level of maturity through demand categories D, E or F, regardless of whether wind or
research, codification and practice. The lateral-load resisting sys- seismic loads govern the design of the structure. BRBF systems
tem in which it is an integral component, the buckling-restrained provide cost savings over conventional bracing systems as the
braced frame (BRBF), has been codified since 2005 and is cov- engineer is better able to estimate the seismic demands, and
ered by both the AISC Seismic Provisions (ANSI/AISC 341-05 then size the connections and foundations accordingly. BRBF
and the upcoming release of 341-10) and ASCE/SEI 7-10. systems also have been explored for bridge, blast, and lower
The general level of awareness of BRBs and the BRBF in seismic applications where the highly-ductile, non-buckling
the engineering community has grown considerably in the last attributes of the BRB might still provide a significant benefit.
few years as evidenced by the significant number of research BRBF systems exhibit robust cyclic performance and
manuscripts, trade magazine articles and conference presenta- have large ductility capacity, which is reflected in the seis-
tions covering the system. Yet even with all the information mic response factors, R. When the beams in the lateral force
available many engineers still are unclear on the concept, par- resisting frame are moment connected to the columns,
ticularly on how to design and specify the product. R = 8; when they are not (an option not permitted in the
ASCE7-10 code) R = 7. Testing performed on BRBs to date
Anatomy of a BRB has shown they are capable of withstanding multiple seismic
The main characteristic of a BRB is that it does not buckle. events without failure or loss of strength.
Its ability to yield both in compression and tension, dissipat-
ing seismic energy with nearly symmetric behavior, provides a Design and Specification
significant advantage over conventional bracing systems. The design of a BRBF system is straightforward. Engineers
BRBs have two main components, shown in Figure 1 on typically use the Equivalent Lateral Force procedure pro-
the opposite page, that perform distinct tasks while remain- vided in ASCE/SEI 7, unless a more rigorous analysis method
ing uncoupled. The load-resisting component of a BRB is a is selected. The approximation of the structural period, Ta,
steel core restrained against overall buckling by an outer cas- should use Cr and x values from Appendix R of the Seismic Pro-
ing filled with concrete. This casing is the stability component visions or the methods of Section 12.8.2 of ASCE/SEI 7-10. A
or buckling-restraining mechanism. Bonding of the steel core good reference on the methodology of designing with BRBs is
to the concrete is prevented in the manufacturing process to “Seismic Design of Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames,” the
ensure that the BRB components remain separate to prevent paper that earned authors Walterio López and Rafael Sabelli
composite action that would change the behavior. the 2008 AISC T.R. Higgins Lectureship award.
One frequently asked ques-
tion on BRBF projects is what
information the structural
engineer of record (SER) must
Kimberley Robinson, S.E., is the chief engi- include in the design drawings
neer with Star Seismic, Park City, Utah. to obtain the intended perfor-
The company designs and builds buckling- mance. The SER should com-
restrained braces for all types of structures. municate design assumptions,
Cameron Black, P.E., Ph.D., is an associate acceptance criteria, and inter-
with Seismic Isolation Engineering, Inc., pretation of the requirements
which provides technical support for Nippon of ANSI/AISC 341-05. That
Steel’s Unbonded Brace in the U.S., and an begins with the information
AISC Professional Member. necessary to ensure that BRBs
➤
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sei, inc.
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lated BRB strains should be smaller than
those associated with successfully tested
braces. As a result, the BRB manufacturer
determines BRB strains to verify code com- Braced Brace
Pysc
Asc
Stiffness
pliance and should be required to submit or Pu Modifier
Frame Type (in2)
(kips) (SM)
proof of this compliance.
6. Maximum permissible adjusted brace BrB-X X
strength. Frame beams, frame columns, and BF-1 BrB-y y
BRBF connections are checked using BRB- BrB-Z Z
dependent strength adjustment factors ω, β,
and ωβ. These factors can be obtained from Notes
BRB manufacturers early in the design of 1. Buckling restrained braces are to be tested per the
the structure. provisions of aisC 341-05. supplier to submit proof
of each brace’s compliance with the qualified load
7. BRB connection details (even in skeleton for- and strain ranges.
mat) that include work-point location and beam/ 2. Pysc given is the design axial strength (Asc Fysc),
column connection configuration. If requested by or Pu given is the governing code level force in the
brace, using lrFd force levels Pu ≤ 0.9 Asc Fy min.
the SER, BRB manufacturers will design and 3. Fysc is the actual yield stress of the steel core as
Fig. 2: example of a buckling-
➤
detail the connection of the brace to the gus- determined by a coupon test. 38 ksi ≤ Fysc ≤ 46 ksi.
restrained braced frame and Charpy testing required when thickness of the core
set plate and may design and detail the entire schedule with notes. material exceeds 2 in.
gusset plate connection. Accomplishing that 4. Brace stiffness Keff to be SM × (AscE /L) +/-10%,where
requires a minimum level of information on the values for stiffness modification Factor (SM) and
Asc are taken from the table and L is the workpoint–
the design drawings. Connection limit states several of the items listed above, many with workpoint length of the brace.
that
MSC include
- Aprilgravity
2011 and drag loads remain corresponding notes. 5. Brace strains to be calculated from design interstory
the responsibility of the engineer providing Although the process of designing and drifts, or Brace strains to be calculated as Pservice / Keff,
where Pservice = Pu /ρI (ρ = code redundancy factor and
connection design
½ page (Isl) for the
7-1/8" structure.
x 5" specifying BRBFs is generally straightforward, I = code importance factor).
Figure 2 provides an example of a BRB all parties can benefit from heeding the les- 6. maximum ωβ not to exceed X.XX. maximum β not
schedule that effectively communicates sons of past projects to avoid re-learning those to exceed X.XX.
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NASCC: The Steel CONFeReNCe
NEARLY ALL BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES today are required the use of noncombustible or protected construc-
designed to conform to the prescriptive strength, detailing tion. Similarly, in 1933, California engineers recognized that
and deflection limitations specified in the applicable build- unreinforced masonry buildings had collapsed in nearly every
ing code and its referenced industry standards including the earthquake over the past 100 years and wrote requirements
AISC Specification (AISC 360), Seismic Provisions (AISC 341), into the building code prohibiting such construction where
and Prequalified Connections (AISC 358). These requirements strong earthquakes could be anticipated, a requirement that
are intended to provide structures an ability to meet certain remains in the code to this day. Performance-based design
performance objectives such as resisting likely loading with- gave building officials the ability to approve designs that had
out failure, and normal loading without occupant discom- not been tested by time and real events based on submittal
fort. But in most cases, the ability of the structure to actually of evidence that the design would perform adequately. This
provide this performance is never evaluated. approach was used to introduce such innovations as rein-
Performance-based design is an alternative approach, forced concrete, welding, high-strength (Grade 50) steel and
specifically permitted under Section 104 of the International other technologies common in today’s construction.
Building Code, which permits building officials to approve any During the 1970s and 1980s, engineers in the Western
design or means of construction on the basis of satisfactory U.S. began to adopt performance-based design approaches for
evidence that the completed construction will be capable of seismic design, both for new buildings and existing structures.
providing equivalent protection to the public as designs that Initially, these efforts were driven by the observation that dur-
conform to the code’s prescriptive requirements. This article ing the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, several hospitals and
provides a brief overview of performance-based design’s emergency response facilities did not perform well (see Figure
development history, recent advances in performance-based 1), creating the demand that important buildings be designed,
earthquake engineering and some recent applications of the not only to protect life safety, but also to enable continued post-
technique to building design. earthquake occupancy and function. This prompted engineers
to adopt judgmentally enhanced versions of the code require-
A Brief History ments for the design of important structures. Later, in the
Performance-based approaches have been permitted by 1980s, following a series of California earthquakes that seemed
nearly every U.S. building code in the past 100 years, primar- to occur on an almost annual basis, building owners began to
ily because, 100 years ago, this was the only means available request that engineers evaluate their existing buildings and
to allow new technological approaches entry into practice. upgrade them to achieve various performance criteria ranging
The prescriptive requirements of early building codes were from protection of life safety, to post-earthquake functional-
based on the observed performance of real buildings. When ity, to limiting probable repair costs to specified percentages
building officials and engineers noted that wood frame struc- of building replacement cost. This created a problem for engi-
tures in dense urban areas lead to frequent conflagrations, the neers who had no tools, other than their professional judgment,
codes banned combustible construction in urban settings and to determine criteria for these designs.
mencic Associates, Seattle. Both are Fig. 1: Olive View Hospital following the
➤
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11-NMBS-2_MSC_half.indd 1
april 2011 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION 39
2/25/11 3:17 PM
NASCC: The Steel CONFeReNCe
COLUMN BASE CONNECTIONS are used in virtually all of axial force and flexure. These methods are based on the
types of steel structures. Arguably, they are the most impor- assumption that the applied forces will be resisted through
tant type of structural connections, transferring forces from the development of a triangular or a rectangular stress block
the entire structure into the foundation. Unfortunately, in under the bearing (compression) side of the connection, and
comparison to other structural connections, such as beam- the development of tensile forces in the anchor rods as also
column connections, they have received relatively limited indicated on Figure 1. Under this situation, the strength of
attention in research. However, recent work by the authors the connection may be controlled by the flexural yielding
has resulted in a wealth of experimental data that sheds new of the base plate on the compression or tension side, or by
light on various aspects of the response of these connections. anchor rod yielding.
Supported by AISC and the National Science Foundation, The seven experiments conducted within Series 1 of the
this research is wide ranging and encompasses 20 large-scale testing program were designed specifically to examine the
experiments featuring exposed column base plates. The find- degree to which these methods accurately represent the
ings from these experiments have important implications for strength of the connection. The key variables investigated
several aspects of base connection design—primarily, design within these seven experiments included the base plate thick-
methods outlined in the AISC Steel Design Guide No. 1, Base ness, anchor rod strength and layout and the magnitude of
Plate ad Anchor Rod Design. axial force. Figure 2a shows the test setup that was designed
The tests described in this article may be subdivided to apply combinations of these loads, while Figure 2b shows
into three series, each addressing one aspect of base con- a close-up of one of the test specimens during the testing.
nection design. The first series consists of seven large-scale Figure 2c shows the corresponding load-deformation curve.
tests investigating the moment capacity of base connections While the tests yielded large volumes of data, two impor-
under compressive axial load. A second series of seven tests tant observations have profound implications for the design
focuses on various shear transfer mechanisms, and a third of column base plate connections.
series of six tests examines the effect of weld details on con- First, all specimens showed excellent deformation capacity,
nection performance. exhibiting rotations corresponding to column drifts of 7%–10%,
without significant strength degradation. This response may be
Flexural Strength of Column Base Connections considered extraordinary, especially when compared to quali-
Figure 1 schematically illustrates a typical exposed col- fication standards for beam-column connections, such as out-
umn base connection, with its various components. Design lined in the AISC Seismic Provisions, which require the beam-
Guide 1 provides methods for characterizing the strength column connections to maintain strength until rotations of
of exposed column base connections under combinations 4%. Moreover, despite the pinched hysteretic response, due
to contact and gapping between the base plate and the grout
foundation, significant energy dissipation was observed in all
Steel specimens. This suggests that the practice of designing the base
Column
plate to remain elastic during seismic events may be conser-
Base vative, because significant deformation and energy dissipation
Plate
capacity is available in the base plate as well.
Second, an analysis of connection strength carried out per
Grout
the method provided in Design Guide 1 resulted in perhaps
Tensile forces the most important finding of the test program: The experi-
in anchor rods Bearing
stresses in mentally observed strength, on average, is 80% greater than
footing the estimated strength. This indicates a high degree of con-
Concrete Anchor
servatism in the current design approach.
Foundation Rods A closer inspection of the test data indicates that for
specimens where flexural yielding of the base plate on the
compression side was the controlling limit state, the experi-
Fig. 1: Schematic illustration of connection and force transfer. mentally observed strength of the connections is more than
➤
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E
EPA CLEAN AIR REGULATIONS first announced in 2008 A Brief Overview
will soon impact most steel fabrication facilities beginning this EPA started implementing the Clean Air Act of 1970 by
summer. These far reaching regulations will affect dry abra- regulating major or point sources of HAP. Control of major
sive blasting, dry grinding and dry polishing, machining, spray sources abated much pollution but there were still large num-
painting, and welding operations. bers of smaller sources emitting these same pollutants. In
Fabricators who are not major emitters of hazardous air pol- response to the Clean Air Amendments of 1990, EPA devel-
lutants (HAP) will soon be regulated under these broader stan- oped rules to regulate smaller sources of air pollutants, known
dards covering “area sources.” Major sources are defined as those as “area sources.” EPA made a list of pollution sources and
that emit, or have the potential to emit, 10 tons per year of one broke them into groups, then published rules for sources within
particular HAP or 25 tons per year of any combination of HAP. each group. Steel fabricators are among the last of the groups
The area source rule will cover any facility primarily engaged in to have standards published. It may help in understanding some
any of the nine categories listed in the standard. Structural steel of the controls in the regulation to know that some of the other
fabrication is one of those sources that is specifically listed. sources included in this group include Electrical and Electron-
In April 2008 AISC sent General Bulletin #2341 to all full ics Equipment Finishing Operations, Industrial Machinery and
members advising that Environmental Protection Agency was Equipment Finishing Operations, and Iron and Steel Forging.
about to publish a new rule with provisions that covered struc- EPA understands that the sources they are now regulating
tural steel fabrication shops that are not major sources. On July are smaller than those previously subject to air regulations.
23, 2008, EPA did exactly that, publishing the rule as a subpart of Therefore the controls they require are less stringent than those
the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, enforced on major sources, which had to meet what was deter-
40 CFR Part 63. The standards for structural steel fabricators mined to be maximum achievable control technology (MACT).
are known as the Area Source Standards for Nine Metal Fabrica- Area sources do not emit enough to demand MACT, nor could
tion and Finishing Source Categories, Subpart XXXXXX of the many of them afford it. The area source rules require that you
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants. implement generally available control technology (GACT), a
series of controls that EPA believes are suitable to the size of
companies the rule covers.
The first question every steel fabricator should ask is this:
Am I really covered by this regulation? You will spend money
and time on meeting these regulations, so we suggest you have
your compliance professional look at the Federal Register of
July 23, 2008, and determine the answer to that question for
your shop. The preamble runs from page 42978 to page 43000,
Thomas J. Schlafly is director of research
and helps to explain the regulation itself, which runs from page
for AISC, Chicago. He would like to
43000 to page 43010.
thank Laura Keller of Stites & Harbison
We believe the vast majority of shops will be covered by this
for her astute and enthusiastic counsel on
rule. You are required to comply with this standard by July 25,
this article.
2011, if you are primarily engaged in Fabricated Structural Metal
{ }
control device, according to manufacturer’s However, if the coating includes MFHAP with the welding standards in this regulation.
instructions. See § 63.11516(c).
For each machining operation that uses
“materials that contain MFHAP,”or have
the potential to emit MFHAP, you must
minimize excess dust in the surrounding
area to reduce MFHAP emissions and
operate machining equipment according to
manufacturer’s instructions. This will apply
to drills and mills. See § 63.11516(b).
Federal Register, EPA information on Weld Fume Control
July 23, 2008. Area Source Standards. (Lincoln Electric)
It is available at www.lincolnelectric.com/
weld-fume-control.
AUTOMATED PRODUCT MARKING
We have tried to condense 10 pages of Make sure every piece is marked correctly, from the time it’s fabricated until it’s
fine print into a much smaller and more fastened in place at the job site. Automating the piece marking process enables
accessible rendering. Rathering than rely- fabricators to reduce errors due to poorly marked components and increase
ing solely on this summary, you should productivity by allowing increased throughput. Our systems easily integrate with
consult the actual regulation and determine fabrication management software, ensuring 100% product traceability.
how you will respond to it. Our recommen- Embossed metal tags withstand painting, galvanizing, and rough handling.
dation is that you focus on: Use the Automatic Embossing System to create tags automatically, jam-free!
➤ Training people in painting.
➤ Training people in how to monitor Our programmable dot peen markers create deep marks for permanent,
emissions and on what the emission error-proof product identification.
limits are. Low-maintenance, industrial-strength ink jet printers print at up to 800 fpm.
➤ Developing a system to keep records
➤ Beginning to monitor processes to
which these regulation apply.
➤ Advising EPA that you comply.
For an existing affected source, you must
comply with the requirements no later than
July 25, 2011, and by that date submit an
Initial Notification of compliance, including
information specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i)
through (iv) of § 63.11519.
For a copy of the Federal Register
go to http://69.175.53.20/federal_ PANNIER CORPORATION
register/2008/jul/23/E8-16263.pdf. For
more information from EPA, visit www.epa.
www.pannier.com/steelfab
gov/ttn/atw/area/arearules.html.
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SOME IMPORTANT QUESTIONS have In 1987, the Brundtland Commission
complex answers and benefit from reflec- defined sustainable development as devel-
tion and discussion. In this series designed opment that meets the needs of the present
to reflect that understanding, NSBA asks without compromising the ability of future
leading minds in the bridge community to generations to meet their own needs. The
weigh in on some of life’s imponderables. past generations had done their shares in
creating marvelous and long-lasting struc-
Answer: M. Myint Lwin
Director of the Office of Bridge
tures that met their needs. They had not
comprised our ability to meet our needs. It
Technology, Federal Highway
administration
is now our responsibility to meet the envi-
ronmental, economic and social needs of
In the design and construction of bridge our generation and future generations.
projects, bridge engineers have been and are For Lwin’s additional commentary on
paying attention to (1) strength, durability and the five points listed above, go to www.
reliability; (2) compliance with environmen- steelbridges.org/onequestion.
Consulting Services, Inc. tal and preservation laws and regulations; (3)
community involvement; (4) use of recycled
and high-performance materials; and (5) min-
imizing negative impact to the environment.
However, there are opportunities to do more
with specific, targeted and measurable goals to
contribute toward sustainable bridge projects.
• In the next five years, we will see general
• acceptance and implementation of green
designs and rating systems by bridge own-
• ers for reducing life-cycle costs, energy use,
• greenhouse gas emissions, pollution emissions,
• waste, and the use of non-renewable resources
to sustainable levels. Bridge engineers will be
integrating structural, durability and environ-
mental considerations in their designs. There
will be increased demand on the industry to
supply construction materials, equipment, and
Visit us at NASCC Booth #1433 methods in support of the sustainability per-
formance goals of the bridge owners.
2010
Answer: Ray McCabe 36/7/4 roof deck
National Director of Bridges and attachment
Tunnels, HNTB Corporation pattern reducing
There is a change under way in Amer- attachment cost
ica’s transportation industry and it is clear without sacrificing
that sustainability in infrastructure plan- performance.
ning, design, construction and mainte- 2006 Power actuated
nance has grown in importance in the last fasteners to support framing
replaces arc spot welds in
few years. One factor driving that change is combination with the DeltaGrip®
the implementation of a sustainability rat- 2003 DeltaGrip® high shear mechanically
mechanical clinch fastened system.
ing system for transportation.
connections replacing
With that in mind, I don’t envision costly top seam
sustainability having any game-changing welding of steel deck.
2000 AD
impacts to the bridge industry in the next
five years. However, I do believe that con-
tinued/new emphasis on sustainability will 1930’s Stick welding with heavy-coated
electrodes found widespread use.
focus in the following areas:
➤ Increased service life for major
bridges, meaning those with large 1920’s Stud welding
was developed at the
capital investment and high traf- New York Navy Yard.
fic volumes. For new designs of
major bridges that target 100- to 1900 AD 1890 C.L. Coffin of
150-year service life, emphasis will Detroit was awarded the
be placed on more durable com- 1836 Edmund Davy of
first U.S. patent for an arc
welding process using a
ponents and materials, better cor- England is credited with the metal electrode.
discovery of acetylene.
rosion-resisting steels, use of fiber 1800 AD
reinforced composites etc.
During the Middle Ages many
➤ Rapid bridge construction. More items of iron were produced which 500–1500 AD
efficient and faster construction were welded by hammering.
Ask About
Our Services... Answer: Malcom Thomas Kerley, P.E.
Chief Engineer, Virginia Department
n FLAME CUTTING of Transportation
n SAWING Sustainability is not the first thing I
think about when I think about impacts to
n CAMBERING
the bridge industry in five years. Resources
in the areas of both staffing and funding
888.538.9022 n Fax: 908.754.8722 will continue to be the main concern for
bridge engineers as they look to maintain
our aging bridge population. However,
the impact of sustainability on the bridge
industry will depend on the ongoing dis-
cussions about that subject.
On its Sustainable Highways Self-
Evaluation Tool website (www.sustainable
highways.org), the Federal Highway
Administration defines sustainability and
its goal in this way:
“Sustainability is the capacity to endure.
The goal of sustainability can be described
with the Triple Bottom Line concept, which
includes equity, ecology, and economy.”
Sustainability, like climate change, will
be a topic for discussion for several years.
What does it mean? How does it impact
what we do? What changes do we need to
make? Obviously, the bridge industry will
be impacted by these discussions.
Bridge engineers in both the private
and public sector should be involved in
these discussions as project selection,
materials, manufacturing and construction
techniques may/will be impacted. Bridge
engineers should continue to look for new
processes and systems that reduce project
delivery costs and delivery time and protect
the environment.
PL ATINUM GOLD
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NAMEBADGE
CONTINEN ACECAD
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GERDAU SOFTWARE IN
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AMERISTEEL
TEKLA
SILVER
AZZ Galvanizing Services Info Sight Corporation
Bentley Systems Inc. New Millennium Building Systems
ESAB Welding & Cutting Products SteelOrbis
I.M.P.A.C.T. V & S Galvanizing
Intercoastal Paint
BRONZE
American Punch Company FabSuite LLC
Buckner Companies Ficep Corporation
Canam Steel Corporation Gooder-Henrichsen Company
Controlled Automation, Inc. Voortman Corporation
011
e o rg an iz in g co mmittee of the 2
Th ully
C C : T he S te el Conference gratef
NAS rs.
le d ge s th e su p p ort of our sponso
acknow
TH A N K YO U !
: g/nascc
exhibitors
www.aisc.or
PITT S BU R G H (as of March 8, 2011)
MAY 11–14
There’s always a solution in steel. Now you know where to find it.
312.670.2400 www.aisc.org
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exhibitors MAY 11–14
PITTSBURGH www.aisc.or
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CEU
CEU
CEU
CEU
CEU
CEU
CEU
CEU
CEU
CEU
CEU
CEU
Seminars PODCASTS
PODCASTS
Live Webinars
www.aisc.org/seminars PODCASTS
www.aisc.org/webinars
Topics this season include: Seismic Braced PODCASTS
April 14, 2011 High Strength Bolting:
An interview with Welding Expert
Frames, Listen to the Steel: Duane Miller on PAn
OD Duane Miller
AISC
interview Geoff Kulak
C A S T with
S: Welding Expert
April – NASCC
March – Lou Geschwindner
STEEL
May – National Student Steel Bridge Competition
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PRE-REGIS T R A
PI T T S BU R G H N CENTER 11–14
L . L AW R E N CE CONVENTIO
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Tuttle Railing Systems Viking Blast & Wash Systems Wheeling Corrugating Company
Booth 1131 Booth 632 Booth 1323
Fishers, iN Wichita, KS Wheeling, WV
Ph: 317.842.2420 Ph: 316.634.6699 Ph: 304.234.2300
Toll Free: 800.328.4496 Toll Free: 800.835.1096 Toll Free: 800.922.3325
Fax: 317.845.1328 Fax: 316.634.6658 Fax: 304.234.2330
tuttlerailings.com www.vikingcorporation.com www.wheelingcorrugating.com
Tuttle is the United States largest custom fabricator of non- Viking Blast & Wash Systems offers a full line of industrial clean- Wheeling Corrugating has the distinction of being our nation’s
ferrous handrails and railings for the water & sewage treatment, ing equipment including airless shot blast systems, parts washers, most experienced decking manufacturer, with over 120 years of
industrial and commercial markets. Founded in 1955, Tuttle has and vibratory degreasers. This equipment cleans and removes mill quality and performance and a future focused on innovation and
3 facilities nationwide (Indianapolis, IN and Denver, CO) and over scale, dirt and rust from a wide variety of materials including plate customer service. Wheeling Corrugating has facilities nationwide,
100 employees. steel, structural I-beams, weldments and pipe. Viking’s abrasive strategically located throughout the country. We specialize in steel
blast systems provide clean, uniform surfaces for better paint decking for complex and high-rise structures. Come visit us at
Unbonded BraceTM adhesion or other finishing operations. NASCC in booth 1323 and ask us about our Seismic ShearLoc
Booth 605 SystemTM for strong and quick side lap attachment. New website
los angeles, Ca Voortman USA Corporation coming soon!
Ph: 213.896.1142 Booth 443
Fax: 213.688.1138 Manteno, il
www.unbondedbrace.com Ph: 815.468.6300
The Unbonded BraceTM started the buckling-restrained brace revo- Fax: 815.468.6333
lution in the U.S. ten years ago. The UBB is the most rigorously www.voortman.net
reviewed and approved BRB system in the world, accepted by more Voortman USA Corporation is the technology and performance
regulatory agencies than any other. Unbonded BraceTM is supported driven global leader in the design and manufacture of fully auto- Worthington Metal Fabricators dba – Sharon Stair
by a group of companies providing seismic structural systems to mated systems for structural steel and plate fabrication. Voortman Booth 917
engineers, fabricators and general contractors. With more than 20 manufactures blasting, painting, sawing, drilling, angle and plasma akron, OH
years development and about 700 applications, Unbonded BraceTM robotic coping systems. Also large plate processing system up to Ph: 330.777.5377
is the first and most widely used BRB in the world. 120” wide. With locations globally we guarantee superior customer Toll Free: 800.792.0129
service and support to all our users. Fax: 330.777.5350
Unist www.sharonstair.com
Booth 630 Worthington Metal Fabricators, LLC specializes in pre-engineered
Grand rapids, Mi drop-in “Sharon Stairs” as well as complete Miscellaneous Metal
Ph: 616.949.0853 packages for those customers who need more than just a steel
Toll Free: 800.253.5462 stair vendor. Worthington Metal Fabricators is an AISC Certified
Fax: 616.949.9503 Voss Engineering, Inc. company, and offers complete engineering, detailing (Including
www.unist.com Booth 1623 BIM Modeling) and fabrication services. We look foreword to seeing
Unist’s MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) systems feature an lincolnwood, il you at the 2011 NASCC. Please visit us at booth #917.
unrivaled level of precision & efficiency in applying fluids in metal Ph: 847.673.8900
cutting & forming operations. Unist’s precise delivery of lubricant Toll Free: 800.323.3935 Zeman Bauelemente Produktionsgesellschaft mbH
means fluid is applied directly to the cutting tool & work piece Fax: 847.673.1408 Booth 843
interface. This results in reduced fluid consumption, a cleaner www.vossengineering.com Vienna, austria
plant, improved tool life, less downtime, and increased productivity. Voss Engineering, Inc. provides expansion/slide bearing assemblies, Ph: 43.0.1.814.14.0
A free 30-day in-plant trial is available for select systems. Contact bearing pads, and isolation materials for highway bridges, industrial Fax: 43.0.1.812.27.13
Unist today for more information. structures, machines, process piping, and commercial buildings. Our www.zebau.com
product line includes the following structural bearing pad materials: The Austrian company Zeman founded in 1965 has become an
V & S Galvanizing SORBTEX (preformed fabric pad/cotton duck pad/CDP), NEOSORB international steel construction group and a successful multi-utility
Booth 1529 (AASHTO grade polychloroprene), VSB Slide Bearings (PTFE and steel supplier. Since steel beams have been mostly processed manually,
Columbus, OH plate), and FIBERLAST or VOSSCO (random oriented fiber pads). Zeman machinery branch has devoted itself to “fully automated
Toll Free: 800.801.3648 steel construction processing”. The two revolutionary develop-
Fax: 614.449.8851 Walker Magnetics ments invented by Zeman are high-tech lines which allow fully
www.hotdipgalvanizing.com Booth 837 automated positioning, welding and assembling of structural steel
V & S Galvanizing is a leader in the Hot Dip Galvanizing industry, Worcester, Ma elements. Substantial advantages of this equipment consist in a
with many locations on the East Coast and Midwest, and over 70 Ph: 508.853.3232 profound shortening of throughput times of appr. 85%, consider-
locations worldwide. Specializing in corrosion protection of steel Toll Free: 800.962.4638 able assembly space saving, reduced noise, more efficient use of
with zinc by Hot Dip Galvanizing. We offer the DUROZINQ® pro- Fax: 508.852.8649 energy and material resources as well as the significant reduction
gram of galvanizing, packaging, tagging and guaranteed service. www.walkermagnet.com of labor and production costs with identical quality and quantity.
We also offer our COLORZINQ® system (paint over galvanizing) Walker Magnetics is one of the global leaders in magnetic solu-
that adds brilliant color to a base of corrosion protection. V & S tions for workholding, lifting, and separation applications. Our
offers trucking and many other value added services. Call us for all expertise in electro, electro-permanent, and permanent magnetic
of your corrosion protection needs. systems enable us to accommodate our customers with the most
appropriate magnetic system for their specific application. We have
Vernet Behringer been in business since 1896.
Booth 135
Morgantown, pa Weinstock Brothers
Ph: 610.286.9777 Booth 813
Toll Free: 888.234.7464 Valley Stream, NY
Fax: 610.286.9699 Ph: 516.568.2171
www.behringersaws.com Toll Free: 800.325.BOlT
High performance drilling, punching, shearing, notching, and mark- Fax: 516.825.4159
ing machines. Beam coping and drilling and sawing lines. www.weinstockbros.com
Since 1898, Weinstock Bros. Corp has been meeting the needs of
Structural Steel Fabricators and Erectors. Weinstock is the fore-
most supplier of high strength structural bolts to leading projects in
the Northeast and beyond, featuring scale box teamster deliveries
to your jobsite. In addition to fasteners, we stock a full line supplies,
hand tools, magnetic base drills, fall protection, safety equipment
and fabrication machinery. We specialize in providing “what you
need when you need it.”
107 Kinetic Cutting Systems inc 837 Walker Magnetics 1243 american institute of Steel
117 Cosen Saws USa 843 Zeman Bauelemente Construction (aiSC)
123 DaiTO USa iNC. produktionsgesellschaft mbH 1243 National Steel Bridge alliance
135 Behringer Saws, inc. 904 Trilogy Machinery, inc. 1307 Fisher & ludlow Grating products,
135 Vernet Behringer 905 New Millennium Building Systems a Nucor Company
207 aGT 910 p2 programs 1309 Nucor – Corporation
209 Ocean Machinery, inc. 911 G.W.Y., inc. 1309 Nucor – plate Mill Group
322 Controlled automation, inc. 916 TechFlow, iNC. 1309 Nucor – Verco Decking, inc.
402 peddinghaus Corporation 917 Worthington Metal Fabricators dba– 1309 Nucor – Vulcraft Group
423 Ficep Corporation Sharon Stair 1309 Nucor – Yamato Steel Company
423 Steel projects 923 FabSuite, llC 1309 Nucor Fastener Division
443 Voortman USa Corporation 928 Max Weiss Co., llC 1313 Kubes Steel, inc.
505 infra-Metals Co. 929 TurnaSure llC 1314 Sideplate Systems, inc.
509 CaMBCO, inc. 930 Hilti, inc. 1317 Computers & Structures, inc.
511 american punch Co. 931 Steel Joist institute 1318 leJeune Bolt Company
517 pythonX – Burlington automation 933 Eastern pneumatics & Hydraulics, inc./ 1323 Wheeling Corrugating Company
523 peerless industrial Equipment McCann Equipment ltd. 1328 applied Bolting Technology, inc.
529 J. B. long, inc. 936 Tata Steel international americas 1329 Tennessee Galvanizing
531 SigmaNEST Software 937 Strand7 pty limited 1330 atema inc.
533 Cleveland City Forge 943 The Crosby Group 1331 TDS industrial Services ltd.
537 HGG profiling Equipment 1005 Haydon Bolts, inc. 1333 pan Gulf Technologies pvt. ltd.
539 allied Machine & Engineering Corp. 1007 Southern Chapter NiSD 1335 american Galvanizers association
543 Fab-line Machinery, llC 1009 National institute of Steel Detailing 1336 Chicago Metal rolled products
604 COMEQ, inc. 1010 Girder-Slab Technologies, llC 1337 atlas Tube, a division of JMC Steel Group
605 Marubeni-itochu Steel america inc. (MiSa) 1011 Southwest Detailers association 1406 aZZ Galvanizing Services
605 Mitsui & Co. (U.S.a.), inc. 1013 allied Tube & Conduit 1407 Canam United States,
605 Nippon Steel Corporation 1015 Shuttlelift a division of Canam Steel Corporation
605 Unbonded BraceTM 1017 aegis Metal Framing 1407 Structal-Heavy Steel Construction,
608 Cleveland punch and Die Company 1023 Tekla, inc. a division of Canam Group inc.
610 Hercules Bolt Company 1028 international Design Services 1410 Steel Cast Connections llC
611 pannier Corporation 1029 aDconX 1412 aZCO Steel Company
612 Faccin USa, inc. 1030 S-FraME Software 1415 Sherwin-Williams
613 Frontier Steel Company 1031 Steel Erectors association of 1417 Cerbaco ltd.
615 Mi-Jack products america (SEaa) 1419 Core Brace, llC
617 Shop Data Systems, inc. 1032 lTC, inc. 1423 CMC Steel products
619 Chatham Steel Corporation 1033 Buckner Companies 1423 Commercial Metals Company
623 Steelmax Tools llC 1036 Gerdau ameristeel 1428 Star Seismic
628 Metals USa 1042 Skidmore Wilhelm 1429 Birmingham Fastener inc.
629 infoSight Corporation 1042 SKM industries inc. 1430 SlipNOT® Metal Safety Flooring
630 Unist 1043 Cast Connex Corporation 1432 Engineering Ministries international (eMi)
631 Steel recycling institute 1104 St. louis Screw and Bolt 1434 Steel Deck institute
632 Viking Blast & Wash Systems 1106 Neilsoft, inc. 1435 Brown Consulting Services, inc.
633 The Dyson Corporation, inc. 1107 Design Data 1437 Structural Stability research Council
636 Green Brook Engineering 1108 Delta Structural Steel Services Group 1438 Kottler Metal products, inc.
637 lindapter international 1110 roberts Sinto Corporation/ 1439 roval USa Corporation
642 inovatech Engineering Sinto Surface Treatment 1443 peikko Group
705 lincoln Electric Company 1112 Graitec 1509 lNa Solutions
712 Scotchman industries, inc. 1116 radley Corporation 1511 Gantrex inc.
713 Jitech, inc. 1117 FabTrol Systems, inc. 1513 GT STrUDl
714 Fabreeka international, inc. 1123 The Dowco Group 1514 Structural Desktop, inc.
716 ironworker Management progressive 1128 lohr Structural Fasteners, inc. 1516 ESaB Welding & Cutting products
action Cooperative Trust 1129 lantek Systems, inc. 1517 riSa Technologies
717 Quebec Detailing Connection 1130 The Steel Construction Group, llC 1528 BendTec, inc.
718 Hougen Manufacturing, inc. 1131 Tuttle railing Systems 1529 V & S Galvanizing
722 prothious inc. 1135 High Transit 1530 DaCS, inc.
728 Nitto Kohki U.S.a., inc. 1137 industrial Galvanizers–Valmont Coatings 1534 Steel Founders’ Society of america
729 Brakewell Steel Fabricators 1142 ronstan Tensile architecture 1535 SSpC: The Society for protective Coatings
730 eCaDsystems, inc. 1207 Nucor – Corporation 1609 McNichols Company
731 MECCO Marking & Traceability 1207 Nucor – plate Mill Group 1610 aSTM international
732 DGS Technical Services, inc. 1207 Nucor – Verco Decking, inc. 1611 SrG Onesource llC
737 Chicago Clamp Company 1207 Nucor – Vulcraft Group 1612 Stainless Structurals, llC
739 prodevco industries inc. 1207 Nucor – Yamato Steel Company 1613 american Welding Society
805 The M. K. Morse Company 1207 Nucor Fastener Division 1615 Grating Fasteners, llC
811 l.B. Foster Company 1215 Taylor Devices, inc. 1617 Structural Engineering institute of aSCE
813 powers Fasteners 1217 arcelorMittal 1621 infasco / ifastgroupe
813 Weinstock Brothers 1223 aceCad Software 1623 Voss Engineering, inc.
815 Simsona Corporation 1228 Metal Dek Group®, a unit of CSi® 1627 Metal improvement Company
817 Combilift USa 1229 ConXtech, inc. 1631 National Commission for the Certifcation
823 Bentley Systems 1232 Mold-Tek Technolgies, ltd of Crane Operators
828 alFra USa, llC 1233 image Stud Welding 1633 Bureau Veritas
829 p.E.p. Technology 1236 paramount roll & Forming, inc. TBD Modern Steel Construction Magazine
830 riX USa, llC 1237 CSC, inc.
836 Nemetschek Scia 1243 aiSC Certification
april 2011 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION 73
sustainability
AS SOME OF YOU MAY RECALL, I used to be the senior and building case studies that demonstrate that there’s more
editor of this magazine. to designing and building a green framing system than just
At that post I had an email folder for each issue and in choosing the material.
it a folder for each article—in addition to plenty of other The Fabricator and LEED – With LEED projects come
folders for article ideas, subject areas and projects. When I a whole new level of accountability for all parties involved.
moved over to the marketing side of AISC to focus on one This session will give fabricators a better idea of what is
particular topic—sustainability—I figured my list of email required of them in terms of documentation for LEED proj-
folders would become much shorter. I was wrong. I have ects, providing practical examples of LEED calculations as
created more folders than I ever thought possible, and the well as suggestions for decreasing the environmental impact
list is ever-growing. of a fabrication shop.
I’m not telling you this to impress you with my organiza- Building a Ship in a Bottle—Accident Fund Insur-
tional skills (or frighten you with my lack thereof), but rather ance Co., Lansing, Mich. – A major push within the green
to communicate that I never imagined how multifaceted the building community is adaptive reuse of existing structures.
word sustainable could be, particularly within the realm of Our industry is certainly focused on new buildings being
structural steel. Sustainability affects and is affected by our fabricated and erected, but constructing new buildings today
industry in many ways, and this variety is reflected in the using structural steel is also a wise choice to allow for future
Sustainable Steel sessions at this year’s NASCC. structural adaptation and expansion. That point is illustrated
The article “The 2011 NASSC Opportunity” in the March by this case study of a power plant-turned-office building in
2011 issue of MSC (available online at www.modernsteel. Lansing, Mich. For a preview of this session, read “An Inside
com/backissues) provided a quick look at what each of the Job” in the December 2010 issue of MSC, available at www.
eight Sustainable Steel sessions will cover. In this column, I’d modernsteel.com/backissues.
like to focus briefly on why they’re each important. Saving Buildings from Collapse—and the Landfill –
Sustainability and Steel – Consider this one: Green Designing buildings to withstand the stress of earthquakes
Steel 101. It provides an overview of how steel and sustain- or other disasters is sustainable in that it keeps them out of
ability are closely related, including a basic introduction to the landfill and also alleviates some or all of the environ-
the importance of green buildings; steel’s environmental mental and safety impacts of structural failure and subse-
improvements over the past few decades; green attributes, quent demolition and reconstruction. The concrete industry
talking points and opportunities for steel in each link in the promotes building durability via overdesign and using more
supply chain; relevant green codes, standards and rating concrete—a bunker mentality, if you will. Proponents of
systems; opportunities for steel within the LEED system; steel, on the other hand, feel that durability can be achieved
with smarter design, leading to easily repairable buildings.
This session highlights a seismic system that is both efficient
and rapidly repairable.
Legal Pitfalls of Green Design and Construction –
This session is an expansion of the March 2011 MSC column
“The Legal Side of Green,” which is available at www.mod-
ernsteel.com/backissues. As the number of green projects
increases, so does the number of potential green lawsuits,
Geoff Weisenberger, LEED GA, is AISC’s and this session covers important considerations for anyone
director of industry sustainability. You can becoming involved in projects that have stated green goals
reach him at weisenberger@aisc.org. or hopes of becoming LEED certified.
Learn more about steel and sustainability at Thermal Steel Bridging: Minimizing Building Envelope
www.aisc.org/sustainability. Energy Loss in Structural Steel Buildings – The issue of
energy loss via steel that penetrates a building’s façade—thermal
HAVING SPENT NEARLY 10 years conducting audits to truly wonderful people is that it requires traveling thou-
the AISC Quality Management Systems Standards, I remain sands of air and highway miles each year. Rule No. 1 in the
fascinated meeting and interacting with the cast of charac- road warrior game is never ever check luggage, especially if
ters throughout the “World of Steel.” Thus it was with great one has a connecting flight. However, this particular two-
anticipation that I recently arrived at a highly regarded erec- week trip included much of the U.S. eastern seaboard, South
tion company in the southeastern U.S. to perform an annual America, and finally making a presentation in Orlando.
audit. There was no option but to check baggage. Sadly, my bag-
This progressive company has been certified for a num- gage never made the connection.
ber of years, which has allowed me to witness the continued The data collected during the RCA process revealed that
improvement of its quality and safety management systems. one of the world’s largest airlines, upon learning my bag
The firm’s staff and management are very professional and had never been loaded at the connection, graciously offered
friendly, and I always look forward to my visits. me an “emergency kit” containing a toothbrush, toothpaste,
On this audit, I hoped they would overlook that I quite no- an official airline T-shirt, a small tube of some type of skin
ticeably cut myself while shaving. It is rather unprofessional cream, and a 2-in.-long, single-bladed razor. The roundtable
for an auditor to arrive with tissues adorning his face. of shaving professionals determined that because I typically
On the second day, as our review was coming to a close, use a triple-blade razor with Teflon glide and super-sensitive-
the conversation turned to non-conformance and corrective skin shaving cream the root cause could only be that my
action procedures and eventually to performing root cause luggage had been lost. As a possible corrective action and
analysis (RCA). As anyone who has performed this exercise to close out the matter, the group suggested I never check
can attest, identifying the root cause of a problem or incident luggage again. Knowing the travel process must include
can be exceedingly difficult because often the real problem checked bags from time to time, I decided that the final,
lurks beneath several layers of symptoms. This day the group workable solution is to carry my razor and shaving cream in
decided to apply a few of the tools used in RCA to attempt my computer bag.
to identify the real reason (root cause) for my facial injury I recount that story to demonstrate the difficulty and the
and initiate corrective action to prevent future occurrences. benefits of RCA. Root cause analysis is a group of problem
Around the table was a group of experts with many years of solving methods used to identify the root cause, or causes, of
shaving experience who would make a perfect assembly, it problems or incidents. RCA is employed in the safety field for
seemed, to bring value to the quest. Each member of the analyzing accidents/incidents, in production for manufactur-
team had an ing issues, in maintenance for failure analysis, and in business
opinion: dull for risk management. The process assumes that problems can
razor, broken be solved by eliminating root causes instead of simply ad-
razor, single dressing the obvious and sometimes numerous symptoms and
bladed razor, that by initiating corrective action on well vetted root causes
lack of train- the possibility of recurrence should be reduced or eliminated.
ing—which If multiple root causes are identified by the RCA process, the
hurt a little— objective then becomes the selection of the simplest and most
and so on. economical solution to the problem.
Stephen Russell is an The minor Achieving well vetted—or as my good friend and fellow
independent auditor who downside to auditor Bob Zaykoski suggests “well scrutinized”—root
can be reached at stphn_ interacting causes often is an elusive goal. The basic steps in conducting
russell@yahoo.com. with all these root cause analysis are relatively straightforward:
Quality Corner is a monthly feature that covers topics ranging from how to specify a certified company to how long it takes to
become a certified company. if you are interested in browsing our electronic archive, please visit www.aisc.org/QualityCorner.
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78 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION april 2011
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thE fLooR
2X thE
vERsAtILIty!
CNC LAyout
& DRILLINg of
beams and channels n
flat bars and base plates n
square and rectangular tubes n
round tubes and pipes n
tapered and pre-cambered beams n
stair stringers and welded n
connections
Things are looking up, so fuel your confidence, then let it shine.
MANy OF US, especially in fragile economic times, look and keep you on your toes. Other challenges might be around
at the process of job searching with worry, even dread. Yet, maintaining a positive attitude while attending to less desirable
we ultimately reach a point where we are “uber”-motivated tasks. Still others might be “givens” beyond your control, such
to make a career change. Various actions can drive us to as internal politics or market conditions. Give yourself at least
reach that point: unemployment; an inevitable downfall of 15 more minutes to write down potential challenges.
our current company beyond repair; inability to grow in our Compare credentials to position. How well do your
role; and lack of job satisfaction, to name just a few. credentials fit into this imaginary job position that you have
But when we wait until we are 110% motivated, then we created? If this position really existed, how might you prove
have done ourselves a disservice. Now is the time to posi- that you have what it takes to fit right in? Make a list of skill
tion yourself toward greater success. And in fact, with rum- sets and attributes specific to this position. (A more exhaus-
blings of potential economic upswing in the AEC industry tive list comes later). Next to each one, write down at least
and beyond, you should give yourself no choice but to get it one proof statement. For example, write “Team player,” then
together, right now. jot down one phrase that signifies a specific instance where
Some of you clearly know your professional identity, the you demonstrated professional “good sportsmanship.”
value you add, and what you want. In your case, skip on to
Step 2. For the rest of you… Step 2: Fuel your Confidence
Whatever your current state of confidence, build it even
Step 1: get Focused higher. How? Reflect upon what others have respected about
Paint a picture of what you want to do next. Set a your performance. There is nothing more rewarding (and,
timer, and give yourself no less than 30 minutes to draft a ultimately, more credible) than referrals and testimonials.
stream-of-conscious essay that describes your perfect job. Collect existing testimonials. Hopefully, over the years,
What are your responsibilities: both strategic and tactical? you’ve saved any specific correspondence, such as letters
What are the growth opportunities? In this position, what and email, praising your work. These will have come from
might your days look like? What is the company mission, clients, co-workers, organizations, business colleagues, and
culture, and size? Where’s your place on the organization formal company reviews. If you work in a larger firm, take a
chart? How might you describe your “perfect” colleagues, look at the company’s marketing materials that include your
bosses, and direct reports? A condensed, clean version of this resume, awards, submissions, etc. You may identify addition-
ideal vision will help you to best describe what you are look- al testimonials relating to your work.
ing for when you are networking with others. Uncover new testimonials. Round out your existing
Consider the flip side. You’ve envisioned your ideal posi- testimonials with those that might be buried within your
tion. Now identify the challenges that could be a part of that email inbox, project files, your voicemail, or even your brain.
very same position. Some of those challenges might be exciting Collect every appreciative comment about your work, and
put them all in one electronic file. If you have absolutely
nothing in writing, think back to when you had voice con-
versations where people were complimentary about some-
thing specific that you did. Be brave; call those people to
reflect upon those conversations. Or, take them to coffee to
get their honest feedback. In either case, be direct and clear
Anne Scarlett is president of Scarlett Consult- about your intentions to obtain:
ing (www.annescarlett.com) in Chicago. She 1. Constructive feedback for kicking off 2011.
can be reached at anne@annescarlett.com or 2. Positive feedback for inspiration and support so you
773.251.8132. Sign up for Scarlett Letter blog via can build upon your strengths in 2011.
RSS feed: www.annescarlett.com/feed. Follow Combine, and bask. Now that you have a set of positive
Anne on Twitter: twitter.com/annescarlett. Link things others have said about you and your work, take a mo-
in at www.linkedin.com/in/annescarlett. ment to enjoy them and acknowledge that you offer value;
recognized, real value.
www.metalsusa.com
Visit us at NASCC Booth #628
Step 3: Look Outward ever, you will need to be ready with a message that honestly
You’ve identified what you want, what you’re valued for, and and directly explains your involvement.
some initial relevant skills. Now, it’s time to get real and look Do the requisite. From a social networking perspective, it’s
at what’s out there. The economy shows signs of improvement; now essential that you are active on LinkedIn. There are many
don’t let it be a crutch or an excuse for inaction. sites that list all the steps to maximize your LinkedIn experi-
Network and find the opportunities. Tap into your net- ence. It’s important to set up a robust—not halfhearted—pro-
work; spread the word of your search and your vision. Plus, file. Consider it your online resume, and use keywords within
realize that your network is your best source for candid infor- the language (reflect upon the job postings you’ve researched)
mation. Don’t just inquire about positions or contact names. to make it more likely for your resume to stand out in searches.
Instead, find out about goals, challenges, and activity. Your Opportunities are abundant to add dynamic elements such as
network is where you’ll find out non-published intelligence on slide presentations and blog feeds.
your target companies and beyond. It’s where the lowest hang- Once you are connected to everyone you trust, you can dig
ing fruit can be most easily picked. I promise. through their contacts to see if there’s anyone with whom you’d
What positions are advertised? Start by targeting your like to request an introduction. Joining groups on LinkedIn is a
top 10 most desirable companies to work for; check their web- fantastic way to expand your network, and to join online conver-
sites for postings, but be mindful that some postings are just sations about topics relating to our industry. These few sugges-
wish lists, rather than active, urgent searches. As well, feel free tions really just scrape the surface as to the power of LinkedIn. If
to check out job boards, especially from industry associations. none of the above motivates you, just remember that employers
Pick apart the job descriptions that you see to get a compre- will look you up online. Send them the message that you are
hensive grasp of what firms are seeking. progressive, or at least keeping up with the online “program.”
What are you worth? For salary numbers most specific to In addition to LinkedIn, you may opt to create a graphic
our industry, check out the Salary Survey of Architecture, Interior resume that you can store online as well as sending links by
Design & Landscape Architecture Firms, 2011. It was published by email to prospective employers. The output in our industry is
Zweig White in November 2010, and is available for purchase very visual, and this is a great platform for showcasing your
at http://bit.ly/g483oK. One less relevant (but free) option work. One formidable source is www.visualcv.com. Be sure to
would be to check out www.glassdoor.com, which shows ac- check out their examples, too.
tual job opportunities in your geographic area, plus company
reviews and broad salary ranges for the position. Step 6: Just Do It
You are a talented professional, and your common sense al-
Step 4: Check your Alignment ready knows what to do. But here’s a final checklist with a few
Identify and rate your skills. Now, expand your list from reminders:
the last item in Step 1. Make it comprehensive; include all of ➤ Use a separate, private email account for the job
your skills and attributes in your professional and private life. search. Period. No exceptions.
Your research in Step 3 likely uncovered patterns and themes ➤ Be organized in your search. Keep every step of your
for what employers are looking for today, so highlight the search in one place, from messages to correspondence to
skills/attributes that are most relevant. Then, be honest with intelligence gathered.
yourself. For each skill and attribute, would you say you are an ➤ Keep a narrow focus. This is not the economic climate
expert, proficient, or still learning? Know that most employers to respond willy-nilly to positions where you don’t know
in this economy are looking for people that will fit the position someone and/or where you are not fully qualified. Be
well, without a learning curve. This means you should take it precise with your job search activities.
upon yourself to over-compensate in other areas, or go get the ➤ Stay on target with what’s most valuable to potential
training on your own time to bring yourself up to speed. employers. Employers will consider you valuable if you
Put your money where your mouth is. Remember Step 2 either (1) make them money or (2) solve their problems,
where you gathered all your kudos and acknowledgements? See in order to save them money.
how many of those comments help to support (prove!) your self- ➤ Follow up. This is where your competitors will fall short. But
identified skills and attributes. As you go through the interview not you! You will follow up by phone and email. You won’t
process, have those comments—and the stories behind them— just check in to learn of an employer’s progress in the hiring
handy, so you can underscore your assertions with real examples. process. Instead, you will ask an intelligent question to start
a dialogue; reiterate your value to the specific position/com-
Step 5: Be Visible Online pany; and expand upon why you want to work with them.
Google yourself (a vanity search). Well, what do you see? Job searching is no easy task, but you deserve a change to
You know what to do if personal information comes up; make it better your career. I read this astute statement in a recent ar-
private, pronto! As for the professional items, do they put you ticle, and it fits:
in the most favorable light possible? If yes, fantastic. If no, then If you are interested in achieving something, you will do what is
what actions can you take to counteract less-favorable informa- convenient. If you are committed to achieving something, you’ll do
tion? For example, if you are named within a lawsuit involving whatever it takes.
your company, you will not be able to make that private; how- Best of luck. I’m rooting for you.
Each month MSC’s product section features items from all areas of the steel construction
industry. in general, these products have been introduced within the past six months. if you’re looking for a specific product,
visit Msc’s online product directory at www.modernsteel.com/products. you can browse by product category or search on
any term to help find the products you need, fast.
all products submitted are considered for publication, and we encourage submittals related to all segments of the steel industry: engineering, detail-
ing, fabrication, and erection. submit product information via email to tom Klemens (klemens@modernsteel.com). to be included in MSC’s online
products directory, contact louis Gurthet (gurthet@modernsteel.com).
84 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION april 2011
Electronic Data Interchange Systems
radley corporation brings to the shop floor the latest in rug-
ged handheld mobile computing and barcoding for the steel
industry. in addition to showing in its booth at nascc: the Fabrication Management Software
steel conference how computer technology is used for inven- Fabtrol systems will demonstrate two of its most
tory management in the steel industry, radley corporation recently released steel fabrication management soft-
will demonstrate just how easy it is to error-proof steel ship- ware tools, Fabtrol Field and ModelView. Fabtrol Field
ments and track assemblies at the job site even in the harsh- provides remote smartphone/web-based lookup of real-
est of environments. time assembly and load status. ModelView, a free plugin
For more information, go to www.radley.com, call developed in collaboration with tekla corporation, dis-
248.559.6503, or visit booth 1116 at the 2011 NASCC: The
Steel Conference.
plays current assembly information in the model color-
ized by drawing, production and shipping statuses. the
company will also introduce its next-generation software
featuring fully integrated material, drawing, project and
shipping management tools. these modules—the first
to be unveiled in the company’s reengineering of its
steel fabrication management software—offer a preview
of further releases planned during the company’s cus-
tomer event in september 2011.
For more information, go to www.fabtrol.com, call
888.322.8765, or visit booth 1117 at the 2011 NASCC:
The Steel Conference.
S-Frame Steel Design (S-Steel) support for USA AISC 360-2005 LRFD & ASD
sHape
i section channel angle Double tee Hollow
angle circular square rectangular
classification 1~3 4 1~3 4 1~3 4 1~3 4 1~3 4 1~3 4 1~3 4 1~3 4
aXial Only: tension or compression
cOnDitiOn
HOLTEC
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Training
600 Professionals
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ISO 9001 Certified, Member of AISC, NISD, Steel Plus Network Steel Erectors
June 2, 3 – 1.5 days
Phone: (646) 915-0941 (ext. 210)
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Call: 312.861.3000
Email: rsa@holtecnet.com Email: Information@atema.com
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DETAILERS
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88 MODERN STEEL
1 866 677-6161 CONSTRUCTION april 2011
- info@quebecconnection.com - quebecconnection.com
Search employment ads online at www.modernsteel.com.
employment
Structural & Misc. Steel Fabrication RECRUITER IN STRUCTURAL MISCELLANEOUS
Our organization has been recruiting for the Structural and Misc. Steel STEEL FABRICATION
Fabricating industry for over 20 years. Current positions include:
• Project Manager • General Manager • Quality Control ProCounsel, a member of AISC, can market your skills
• Plant Superintendents • Estimators • Detailers and achievements (without identifying you) to any city
• Chief Draftsman • Checkers
Please send resume to: or state in the United States. We communicate with
Richard Stauffer
United Employment Associates, P.O. Box 8, East Texas, PA 18046 over 3,000 steel fabricators nationwide. The employer
phone: (610) 437-5040 fax: (610) 437-9650 pays the employment fee and the interviewing and
e-mail: rstauffer@unitedemployment.com www.unitedemployment.com
relocation expenses. If you’ve been thinking of making
a change, now is the time to do it. Our target, for you, is
Advertise Your Job Openings in MSC! the right job, in the right location, at the right money.
MSC employment ads also appear online!
Buzz Taylor
www.modernsteel.com/classifieds.php. procounsel
(Please note that these ads no longer appear at www.aisc.org.)
Toll free: 866-289-7833 or 214-741-3014
Contact: Lou Gurthet at 231.228.2274 Fax: 214-741-3019
or gurthet@modernsteel.com mailbox@procounsel.net
WANTED
MODELER/DETAILER
Looking for something from an old issue of
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of 5 years SDS II experience.
All of the issues from MSC’s first 50 years are now
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www.modernsteel.com/backissues. Please email resumes to info@tsd-usa.com
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APRIL 2011 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION 89
people to know
TOM MURRAy MAy BE most well-known in structural “The first thing I did with AISC was a breakfast meeting in
steel circles for his expertise in floor vibrations. He and Minneapolis in the early 1970s. Since then I have given close
Dave Allen were the primary authors of AISC Steel Design to 100 presentations on floor vibrations for AISC. That was
Guide No. 11, Floor Vibrations Due to Human Activity, pub- the beginning and it has never stopped. I get emails almost
lished in 1997. But his interest in motion runs from nano to every day now with questions.”
loco, and goes all the way back to his younger days in Iowa. Murray spent the 1986-87 school year as a Distinguished
“My father was a railroad man,” Murray said, “a conduc- Visiting Professor at the U.S. Air Force Academy, then went
tor on the Illinois Central, and ran trains out of Waterloo.” to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
The elder Murray had served in World War I before going All the while, his railroad interest and travels continued.
to work for the railroad, where he spent the next 47 years. While on sabbatical in Australia, Murray rode the Great
Every summer the family would vacation together by rail, Southern Railway more than 1,600 miles from Adelaide, on
Murray recalls. By the time he was in high school, he had the south central coast, to Perth on the western edge of the
been in 40 states and five provinces. One of the more memo- continent. Another excursion took Murray across the Andes
rable of those outings was in the early 1950s on a Canadian Mountains (at 14,000 ft) on a narrow gauge railroad. “It took
transcontinental train going from Winnipeg to Edmonton. us a week, and we derailed seven times,” he said. “Most of the
“My father had been in 19 wrecks in his career, and I was time the rails spread and the steam engine dropped down on
with him on the last one. We were stopped. We had run by the ties. But it didn’t take long before they got the engine up
a siding,” Murray said. “A local passenger train came around on the rails, spiked the rails back down, and away we went.”
a curve and hit us head-on.” It was, as he recalls, the last More recently, Murray had a special railroading oppor-
head-on collision of two steam-powered passenger trains in tunity in conjunction with an AISC committee meeting
North America, and he has been a railroad buff ever since. in Las Vegas. A week before his 70th birthday his wife
Murray studied engineering at Iowa State University, arranged for him to operate a steam engine in Ely, Nev.
then signed on with Pittsburgh-Des Moines Steel where “I was the engineer and they let her sit in the cab and
he had some small involvement with one of the company’s be the fireman,” Murray said. “I operated the engine up the
then-current projects, the St. Louis Arch. He left to pursue mountain for 10 miles, then back again. The throttle is rel-
his master’s degree at Lehigh University, finishing in 1966. atively easy. Braking is the hard part. It’s very touchy. The
After a year at the University of Omaha, he went to the engine was a hundred years old, and they don’t want you to
University of Kansas to work with Ken Lenzen, one of the rough it up,” he said, adding, “I got caught speeding.”
first people in the U.S. to investigate issues related to struc- Today Murray carries on the family tradition of a strong
tural vibration due to human activity. “I liked the subject work ethic. In February he presented the most recent AISC
because it was different and involved humans,” he said. webinar, which drew an estimated 2,000 participants. In
He received his doctorate in 1970, joined the University May he will moderate an educators roundtable at The Steel
of Oklahoma faculty, and started doing research. Word got Conference in Pittsburgh. And one never knows what might
around and he soon was asked to speak on the subject. be next.
www.bentley.com/Structural
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