Exercise 7.

2 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 1.1.2

(ii) Do yourself as above.

Question # 1
Given A(2,5) , B ( −1,1) and C (2, −6) (iii) Do yourself as (i)
uur
(i) AB = ( −1 − 2)iˆ + (1 − 5) ˆj = −3iˆ − 4 ˆj
Question # 4
uur
(ii) From above AB = −3iˆ − 4 ˆj Since α iˆ + (α + 1) ˆj + 2 kˆ = 3
uur
α + (α + 1) + ( 2 ) = 3
2 2
⇒
2
Also CB = (2 + 1)iˆ + ( −6 − 1) ˆj = 3iˆ − 7 ˆj
Now
uur uur ⇒ α + α + 2α + 1 + 4 = 3
2 2

(
2 AB − CB = 2 −3iˆ − 4 ˆj − 3iˆ − 7 ˆj ) ( ) On squaring both sides
2α + 2α + 5 = 9
2
= −6iˆ − 8 ˆj − 3iˆ + 7 ˆj
⇒ 2α + 2α + 5 − 9 = 0
2
= −9iˆ − ˆj
⇒ 2α + 2α − 4 = 0
2

(iii) Do yourself as above

⇒ α +α − 2 = 0
2

⇒ α + 2α − α − 2 = 0
2
Question # 2
(i) u = iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ ⇒ α ( α + 2 ) − 1( α + 2 ) = 0
⇒ (α + 2 )(α − 1) = 0
v = 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ
⇒ α +2=0 or α −1 = 0
w = 5iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ ⇒ α = −2 or α =1
u + 2v + w = iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ + 2 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2 kˆ ( )
(
+ 5iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ ) Question # 5
Given v = iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ
= iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ + 6iˆ − 4 ˆj + 4 kˆ + 5iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ
v = (1) + (2) + ( −1)
2 2 2
= 12iˆ − 3 ˆj − 6kˆ
= 1+ 4 +1 = 6
(ii) Do yourself Now
(iii) v iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ
vˆ = =
(
3v + w = 3 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2 kˆ + 5iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ ) v 6
= 9iˆ − 6 ˆj + 6kˆ + 5iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ 1 ˆ 2 ˆ 1 ˆ
= i+ j− k
= 14iˆ − 7 ˆj + 9 kˆ 6 6 6

3v + w = (14) + ( −7) + (9)

2 2 2
Now
= 196 + 49 + 81 = 326 Question # 6
Given a = 3iˆ − ˆj − 4kˆ
Question # 3 b = −2iˆ − 4 ˆj − 3kˆ
(i) v = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ
c = iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ
⇒ v =
2
(2) + (3) + (4)
2 2
Suppose that
d = 3a − 2 b + 4 c
= 4 + 9 + 16 = 29
v 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ (
⇒ d = 3 3iˆ − ˆj − 4kˆ )
Unit vector of v = vˆ = = −2 ( −2iˆ − 4 ˆj − 3kˆ )
v 29
2 ˆ 3 ˆ 4 ˆ +4 ( iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ )
i+= j+ k
29 29 29 = 9iˆ − 3 ˆj − 12 kˆ + 4iˆ + 8 ˆj + 6 kˆ + 4iˆ + 8 ˆj − 4 kˆ
Hence direction cosines of v are = 17iˆ − 13 ˆj − 10 kˆ
2 3 4 Now
, , .
29 29 29 d = (17 ) 2
+ ( −13 ) + ( −10 )
2 2
FSc-II / Ex- 7.2 - 2

= 289 + 169 + 100 = 558 = 3 62 = 3iˆ + ˆj − 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ = iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ

Now uur
CD = p.v. of D − p.v. of C
d 17iˆ − 13 ˆj − 10kˆ
ˆ
d= = = −iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ − 2iˆ − 4 ˆj + 2 kˆ
d 3 62
= −3iˆ − 6 ˆj + 3kˆ
17 ˆ 13 ˆ 10 ˆ uur
=
3 62
i−
3 62
j−
3 62
k
( )
= −3 iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ = −3AB
uur uur
i.e. CD = λ AB where λ = −3
uur uur
Question # 7 Hence AB and CD are parallel.
Consider a = 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 6 kˆ

a = (2) + ( −3) + (6)

2 2 2
Question # 10 (i)
= 4 + 9 + 36 = 49 = 7 v = 2iˆ − 4 ˆj + 4 kˆ
Now
v = ( 2) 2
+ ( −4 ) + ( 4 )
2 2

a 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 6kˆ
aˆ = = 4 + 16 + 16 = 36 = 6
=
a 7
v 2iˆ − 4 ˆj + 4kˆ
2ˆ 3 ˆ 6 ˆ Now vˆ = =
=i− j+ k v 6
7 7 7
Let b be a vector having magnitude 4 1 2 2
= iˆ − ˆj + kˆ
i.e. b = 4 3 3 3
Since b is parallel to a The two vectors of length 2 and parallel to v are
2 3 6 2 vˆ and −2 vˆ .
therefore bˆ = aˆ = iˆ − ˆj + kˆ
7 7 7 1 2
2 vˆ = 2  iˆ − ˆj + 2 kˆ  = 2 iˆ − 4 ˆj + 4 kˆ
2 3 6  3 3 3  3 3 3
Now b = b bˆ = 4  iˆ − ˆj + kˆ 
7 7 7  1
−2 vˆ = −2  iˆ −
2 ˆ 2 ˆ 2 4
j + k  = − iˆ + ˆj − kˆ
4
8 12 ˆ 24 ˆ 3 3 3  3 3 3
= iˆ − j+ k
7 7 7
Question # 10 (ii)
(ii) Do yourself.
Given v = iˆ − 3 ˆj + 4kˆ , w = aiˆ + 9 ˆj − 12 kˆ
Since v and w are parallel therefore there exists
Question # 8
λ ∈ ¡ such that
Given u = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ v =λw
v = −iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ (
⇒ iˆ − 3 ˆj + 4 kˆ = λ aiˆ + 9 ˆj − 12 kˆ )
w = iˆ + 6 ˆj + zkˆ ⇒ iˆ − 3 ˆj + 4 kˆ = aλ iˆ + 9λ ˆj − 12λ kˆ
Since u , v and w are sides of triangle Comparing coefficients of iˆ , ĵ and k̂
therefore
u+v =w 1 = aλ .............(i )
−3 = 9λ .............(ii )
⇒ 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ − iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ = iˆ + 6 ˆj + zkˆ
4 = −12λ .............(iii )
⇒ iˆ + 6 ˆj + 3kˆ = iˆ + 6 ˆj + zkˆ 3 1
From (ii ) λ = − ⇒ λ=−
Equating coefficient of k̂ only, we have 9 3
3 = z i.e. z = 3 Putting in equation (i )
 1
1 = a  −  ⇒ − 3 = a i.e. a = −3
Question # 9  3
Position vector (p.v) of point A = 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ
Question # 10 (c)
p.v of point B = 3iˆ + ˆj
Consider v = iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ
p.v. of point C = 2iˆ + 4 ˆj − 2kˆ
v = (1) + ( −2) + (3)
2 2 2

p.v. of point D = −iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ

uur = 1 + 4 + 9 = 14
AB = p.v. of B − p.v. of A Now
 FSc-II / Ex- 7.2 - 3

3 ˆ 1 ˆ 2 ˆ
= i− j+ k
v iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ 14 14 14
vˆ = =
v 14  3 1 2 
vˆ =
1 ˆ 2 ˆ 3 ˆ  14 , − 14 , 14 
= i− j+ k
14 14 14 Hence the direction cosines of v are
Let a be a vector having magnitude 5 i.e. 3 1 2
,− , .
a =5 14 14 14
Since a is parallel to v but opposite in
direction, Question # 11 (ii)
therefore v = 6iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ
1 ˆ 2 ˆ 3 ˆ
aˆ = − vˆ = − i+ j− k v = (6)2 + (−2)2 + (1) 2
14 14 14
Now = 36 + 4 + 1 = 41
 1 ˆ 2 ˆ 3 ˆ Let v̂ be unit vector along v . Then
a = a aˆ = 5  − i+ j− k
 14 14 14  v 6iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ
vˆ = =
5 ˆ 5 ˆ 5 ˆ v 41
=− i+ j− k
14 14 14 6 ˆ 2 ˆ 1 ˆ
= i− j+ k
41 41 41
Question # 10 (d)
 6 −2 1 
Suppose that v = 3iˆ − ˆj + 4 kˆ and vˆ =
 41 , 41 , 41 
w = a iˆ + b ˆj − 2 kˆ Hence the direction cosines of v are
Q v and w are parallel 6 −2 1
, , .
∴ there exists λ ∈ ¡ such that 41 41 41
v = λw
(
⇒ 3iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ = λ a iˆ + b ˆj − 2 kˆ ) Question # 11 (iii)
⇒ 3iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ = aλ iˆ + bλ ˆj − 2λ kˆ P = ( 2,1,5) , Q = (1,3,1)
uur
Comparing coefficients of iˆ , ĵ and k̂ PQ = (1 − 2 ) iˆ + ( 3 − 1) ˆj + (1 − 5 ) kˆ

3 = aλ .............(i ) = −iˆ + 2 ˆj − 4 kˆ
uuur
−1 = bλ .............(ii ) PQ = (−1)2 + (2)2 + (−4) 2
4 = −2λ .............(iii )
= 1 + 4 + 16 = 21
From equation (iii ) uuur
Let v̂ be unit vector along PQ . Then
4 uur
−
= λ ⇒ λ = −2 PQ −iˆ + 2 ˆj − 4kˆ
2 vˆ = uur =
Putting value of λ in equation (i ) PQ 21
3 −1 ˆ 2
3 = a ( −2) ⇒ a=− = i+ ˆj − 4 kˆ
2 21 21 21
Putting value of λ in equation (ii )  −1 2 −4 
vˆ =
1  21 , 21 , 21 
−1 = b( −2) ⇒ b= uuur
2 Hence the direction cosines of PQ are
−1 2 −4
Question # 11 (i) , , .
21 21 21
v = 3iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ

v = (3) 2 + (−1)2 + (2)2 Question # 12(i)

= 9 +1+ 4 = 14 45o , 45o , 60o will be direction angles of the
Let v̂ be unit vector along v . Then vectors if
cos 2 45o + cos 2 45o + cos 2 60o = 1
v 3iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ
vˆ = = L.H.S = cos 2 45o + cos 2 45o + cos 2 60o
v 14
FSc-II / Ex- 7.2 - 4

2
 1   1  1
2 2 Printed: January 25, 2009
=  +  +  Updated: October 25, 2010
 2   2  2
1 1 1 5
= + + = ≠ R.H.S
2 2 4 4
Therefore given angles are not direction angles.

Question # 12(ii)
30o , 45o , 60o will be direction angles of the
vectors if
cos 2 30o + cos 2 45o + cos 2 60o = 1
L.H.S = cos 2 30o + cos 2 45o + cos 2 60o
2
 3   1 2  1 2
=   +   + 
 2   2  2
3 1 1 3
= + + = ≠ R.H.S
4 2 4 2
Therefore given angles are not direction angles.

Question # 12 (iii)
30o , 60o , 60o will be direction angles of the
vectors if
cos 2 45o + cos 2 60o + cos 2 60o = 1
L.H.S = cos 2 45o + cos 2 60o + cos 2 60o
2 2 2
 1  1 1
=  +  + 
 2  2 2
1 1 1
= + +
2 4 4
= 1 = R.H.S
Therefore given angles are direction angles.

Error Analyst
Muhammad Tayyab Riaz (2009-10)
Pakistan International School Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.

Awais (2009-10)
Punjab College, Lahore.

Salman Ali (2009-2010)

Superior College Multan.

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Book: Exercise 7.2

Calculus and Analytic Geometry
Mathematic 12
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.
Edition: August 2003.

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