FOREWORD

After the successful completion of Census of India 2001, it gives me great pleasure to present these
provisional population totals for the state of Jharkhand. This paper gives some basic characteristics of the
population of Jharkhand as on 1st March, 2001 (00.00 hrs.) as recorded during the population enumeration
work related with Census of India 2001. These figures are only provisional ones, compiled on the basis of the
abstracts of population data prepared by the enumerators.

These provisional population figures are being published with the intention of meeting the immediate
need of the Government, various organisations, researchers and the general public. It would help provide them
the basic population figures as quickly as possible after the population enumeration work has been completed.
At this stage our intention is not either to interpret from these data or to draw conclusions from them, both of
which shall have to await the preparation of the detailed Tables based on the final figures. Care has been
taken, however, to highlight some of the striking features of these provisional figures wherever they have been
noticed and effort has been made to mention them at appropriate places.

Census operations in India is one of the largest administrative exercises of its kind anywhere in the
world. Such a mammoth and gigantic exercise has been possible only with the wholehearted co-operation of
the entire administrative machinery of the state as well as the active participation of all sections of the society.

The credit for collection of census data must go to the multitude of Enumerators, Supervisors and all
officials involved with census work in the state. Under testing circumstances, the entire administrative
machinery involved in census work came out with flying colours, completing the job at hand with quiet
efficiency and great speed. All the Deputy Commissioners, Districts Census Officers, Additional Districts
Census Officers, Subdivisional Census Officers, Assistant Subdivisional Census Officers, Charge Officers and
Assistant Charge Officers have wonderfully risen to the occasion and have proved beyond doubt that nothing
is impossible for them. I make a special mention of their efforts because of the fact that they had to cope with
the numerous administrative problems arising out of the bifurcation of the state of Bihar and creation of the
new state of Jharkhand on the 15th of November, 2000, midway through the Census of India 2001(after the
houselisting operations were over and before the actual enumeration was to begin). These people, in spite of
heavy odds, have worked tirelessly and it is only because of their superhuman efforts that these operations
could be carried out successfully and in time.

I am grateful to Shri V.S Dubey, Chief Secretary ; Mrs. Laxmi Singh, Finance Commissioner and
Shri S.D. Sharma, Commissioner and Secretary, Revenue, Land Reforms, Registration, Excise and
Prohibition, and Relief and Rehabilitation Department, from whom I received unstinted support and guidance.
 I am also grateful to the members of my own organisation for all the strain they took in planning the
work and making the conduct of census smooth and successful. While many of them, as the Directorate’s
representatives in all the districts of Jharkhand, had to stay away from their families for weeks together, those
who stayed back in the headquarters, had to work extremely long hours, extending to even twenty four hours
at a stretch in case of some. Without help and guidance from the senior pros, the old and efficient census
hands ; without a wonderful sense of dedication to duty as well as great team effort among all the officers and
staff members this task would have become impossible to achieve. Some retired officers, who had very kindly
agreed to associate with us during Census of India 2001 as Census Advisors, were also a source of strength,
inspiration and encouragement.

At this moment, I also wish to thank the Officers and staff from the office of the Registrar General and
Census Commissioner of India as well as from certain other Directorates who have given me invaluable
guidance and support for which I shall ever remain grateful.

People of Jharkhand who extended all the co-operation and support to the census officials including
enumerators and supervisors, deserve my special thanks. Words of praise are due to the All India Radio,
Doordarshan and other Electronic Media as well as Print Media, who helped us carry the message of Census
to the people effectively.

Before concluding I must express my personal indebtedness to Shri J.K. Banthia, Registrar General
and Census Commissioner of India, whose affectionate guidance was a source of inspiration at every stage of
this gigantic operation.

Patna
Sudhir Kumar Rakesh
th
The 27 March, 2001
 Director of Census Operations, Jharkhand

FIGURES AT A GLANCE – 2001 CENSUS

JHARKHAND
i) Number of Districts 18

ii) Area in sq. km. 79714.00

i) Total Population - Persons 26909428

Males 13861277

Females 13048151

iii) Decadal Population Growth 1991-2001

(1) Absolute 5065517

(2) Percentage 23.19

iv) Population Density 338

v) Sex Ratio 941

vi) 0-6 Population- (1)Absolute- Persons 4796188

Males 2440025

Females 2356163

(2) Percentage to total population- Persons 17.82

Males 17.60

Females 18.06

vii) Literacy - (1) Absolute Persons 11970177

Males 7759966

Females 4210211

(2) Rate Persons 54.13

Males 67.94

Females 39.38
 STATE HIGHLIGHTS – 2001 CENSUS

STATE - JHARKHAND
1. Number of Divisions : 4

2. Number of Districts : 18

3. Number of Subdivisions : 33

4. Number of C.D. Blocks : 210

5. Number of Urban Agglomerations : 11

6. Number of Towns : 152

i) Statutory Towns : 44
ii) Census Towns ( Non-statutory) : 108

7. Number of Revenue Villages : 32615

8. Most populous district – Ranchi : 2783577

Least populous district – Lohardaga : 364405

9. District with highest decadal growth – Garhwa : 29.05

District with lowest decadal growth –
Pashchimi Singhbhum 16.35

10. Most densely populated district – Dhanbad : 1167

Least densely populated district – Gumla : 148

11. District having highest Sex-ratio – Kodarma : 1001

District having lowest Sex-ratio – Dhanbad : 874

12. District having highest literacy rate –

Purbi Singhbhum : 69.42
District having lowest literacy rate – Pakaur : 30.54

13. Average population of a district of the state : 1494968

 9

INTRODUCTION

“ Men have long been interested in studying their own numbers”

ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA

Etymologically, the term Census has been derived from the Latin word ‘Censere’ meaning

“to estimate or to assess”. Head counting of people has a long drawn history which is probably as old

as the dawn of human civilization itself. The Old Testament records the enumeration at the Exodus

of the fighting strength of the Children of Israel and civilian Levites. Kautilya, in his magnum opus

‘Arthasastra’, has recognized population census as the key to taxation and revenue collection in the

ancient Mauryan empire. Similar references have been found in ancient Roman, Persian, Chinese

and Egyptian empires where taxation and conscription seemed to be inextricably intertwined with

population census.

It was against such a backdrop that the modern concept of census evolved when it was

instituted for the first time in La Nouvelle France ( Quebec) and Acadie ( Nova Scotia) during mid

17th century. In modern usage, census primarily denotes the periodical survey of the number and

condition of the people present in a circumscribed area or volume. It provides an instantaneous

picture of the community- a cross section of the body politic exhibiting its constitution at the point of

time when it is made. Census statistics are the common tools and material of the business of

government and are indispensable to the direction of state policy. Hence, the modern census

enumeration is conceived not only as a source of static knowledge but as an item in a consecutive

series.
 The hallowed history of census operations in India can be traced back to 1856 when the

Government of India agreed to the proposal of conducting census in India in 1871. The first modern

census in India was taken in the year 1872 which was a non-synchronous census. Thereafter, since

1881, India has had an enviable record of holding regular synchronous census operations every ten

years, come what may.

The fountainhead of census operations in India is considered to be the Plowden Committee

Report of 1878. Apart from formulating the broad outline of the organization for census, the

Committee recommended that enumeration throughout the country take place on one and the same

day. The Committee favoured a special legislation to back up the decennial census, in order to

provide more government control over both the enumerators and the enumerated. 1941 marks a

watershed in the history of census operations in India when the method of extended enumeration

followed by a revisional round and updation of census data with reference to sunrise of 1st March

was introduced for the first time.

Another important recommendation of the Plowden Committee was that population data be

collected for the smallest administrative unit in the country. The idea was to cover the entire country

as far as possible. It was suggested that the spatial jurisdiction of administrative units should not be

prone to changes and adjustments as it would affect the census data. However, administrative and

political compulsions have led to many such readjustments - the most important being the partition of

India in 1947 and the most recent ones being the creation of the new states of Jharkhand, Uttaranchal

and Chattisgarh which were carved out of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh respectively. A

novel practice had to be adopted, whereby census data or more specifically census tables showed in

detail the transfer that took place in different administrative units at different points of time and the

consequential adjustments that were made in the population. Similarly, logistical problems coupled

11
with inclement weather conditions at the time of actual enumeration in the inhabited regions of the

higher reaches of the Himalayas resulted in preponing the schedule of actual enumeration in these

regions.

After independence, the Government of India, appreciating the importance of census

operations in independent India, drafted a permanent legislation – viz. the CENSUS ACT. 1948,

bestowing a statutory status upon census. The Act provides that the information collected from

individuals/households during actual enumeration is to be kept strictly confidential. Census records

are not admissible as evidence in any court of Law, as per the provisions of this Act. Census has

been included in the Union List of the Seventh Schedule of the constitution of India which enables

the Government of India to carry out census operations in the country.

The Census Act, 1948 also empowers the central government to appoint a Registrar General

and Census Commissioner of India who is in overall charge of the census operations in the country.

At the State/UT level, the Central Government appoints a Director of census operations who is

assisted by various census officials at the Directorate level. The Act envisages that the actual

enumeration is to be conducted by state government agencies under the guidance of the respective

census directorates. As a result, District Magistrates/Deputy Commissioners are notified as Principal

Census Officers responsible for census operations in their respective districts. They are generally

assisted by senior state civil service officers who are notified as District Census Officers, one for each

district. The Block Development Officers (with the exception of Circle Officers in some cases)

heading the community development blocks are notified as Charge Officers for that rural charge,

while in an urban charge (Municipal Corporation / Municipality / Notified Area Committee), it I is

the Executive Officer / Asst. Administrator/Special Officer /Vice Chairman who is responsible

12
for smooth conduct of census work. For population residing in Military and Para-Military areas,

keeping in mind their security considerations, Special Charges are created which are headed by their

own Nodal/ Liaison Officers. These officers are responsible for conducting actual enumeration in

these special charges with the help of enumerators and supervisors appointed by them. At the base of

the census hierarchical pyramid lie the enumerators and the supervisors are ranked immediately

above them. The Census Act and the rules made thereunder give legal authority to the enumerators

to canvass the census questionnaire, while spelling out their responsibilities also. The supervisors and

enumerators are drawn from amongst the Primary/Middle/High school Teachers, Karamcharis, Panc

preliminary arrangements were required to be made in order to ensure complete coverage of houses

as well as population without any omission or duplication. A few important items of preparatory

work are listed below:-

0 Updating of Rural and Urban Frame - finalization of jurisdiction of various administrative

units of the state.
1 Preparation of working maps of different administrative units like District/C.D.Block/Town
etc., incorporating changes in jurisdiction and their updating.
2 Preparation of Census Divisional Maps.
3 Finalization of Urban Agglomerations (U.A.) in the state.
13

4 Conduct of pre-test to evaluate and finalize questions evolved for Houselisting

as well as Enumeration. Draft questionnaires were developed on the basis of experiences of past
Censuses. The final questionnaires developed were (i) the Houselist Schedule, and (ii) the
Household Schedule. These questionnaires can be seen at the end of this publication (Annexures – 11
and 12).
5 Freezing of Administrative boundaries.
6 Formation of Houselisting Blocks and Supervisory Circles for Houselisting
Operations.
7 Preparation of Charge Registers for Houselisting Operations.
8 Allotment of Location codes to various Administrative units like the State,
Districts, C.D. Blocks, Towns and Villages etc. For the first time eight – digit location codes were
allotted to all the Revenue Villages in the State in a continuously running serial.
9 Appointment of various field Census functionaries.
10 Training to various census functionaries in connection with Houselisting
Operations.
11 Conduct of Post Enumeration survey in selected units after Houselisting
Operations.
12 Reconstitution and formation of Enumeration Blocks for Population
Enumeration work after Houselisting Operations.
13 Preparation of Abridged Houselists on the basis of Houselisting Operations.
14 Preparation of new Charge Registers.
15 Appointment of Enumerators & Supervisors for Population Enumeration.
16 Training to various Census functionaries for conduct of Population
Enumeration.

Houselisting operations of Census of India 2001 in undivided Bihar were delayed due to the

ensuing Assembly elections in the state. As a result, the first phase was conducted between 15 th May

and 15th June, 2000. The main objective of the Houselisting Operations was to prepare the ground

work for actual Enumeration by listing and numbering all the physical units of

14

construction in the state which were used for residential, industrial, commercial, official or other

purposes. This exercise also facilitated the generation of data related to living conditions of human

population, availability/non-availability of houses and accessibility to civic-amenities. It also helped

create awareness among the general public about the importance of census in formulating long term

plans for the nation. This mammoth operation was an enriching experience as it elicited prompt

attention, corrective measures and follow-up actions with regard to many administrative, personnel

and logistical problems which would have otherwise gone unnoticed. This operation was followed

by a Post Houselisting Survey undertaken in a few selected sample rural and urban units to

determine the accuracy of the houselisting work done in the state.

With the successful completion of the houselisting operations, attention was shifted to the

main event-the actual enumeration. Before the commencement of the training programme for the

field functionaries for actual enumeration, however, the new state of Jharkhand was carved out of

Bihar on 15th November, 2000.

The state of Jharkhand is a land locked territory bound by the districts of Rohtas, Aurangabad,

Gaya, Nawada, Jamui, Banka, Bhagalpur and Katihar of the state of Bihar on the north, the districts

of Malda, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Puruliya and Medinipur of the state West Bengal on

the east, the districts of Mayurbhanj, Kendujhargarh and Sundergarh of the state of Orissa on the

south, the district of Raigarh and Surguja of the state of Madhya Pradesh and the district of Mirzapur

of the state of Uttar Pradesh on the west. The state extends between 22 degrees north and 25.50

degrees north latitudes and 83 degrees east and 87.75 degrees east longitudes approximately . The

state of Jharkhand, presently, consists of 18 districts

15

distributed over an area of 79,714 sq. k.m. Physiographically, Jharkhand is characterised by the

Chotanagpur Plateau. The Chotanagpur Plateau consists of a series of plateaux of different elevations

– the most important ones being the Ranchi plateau, the Ramgarh plateau and the Hazaribag plateau.

Tectonically , these regions have witnessed three orogenic movements which are also responsible for
the rich mineral deposits found in the state. Jharkhand has some of the richest deposits of iron and

coal in the world apart from being a part of one of the most industrialised regions in the country. It is

also endowed with a rich forest cover. The radial centrifugal drainage system of Jharkhand consists

of rivers like Koel, Subarnrekha , Damodar, Barakar, Ajoi, Mor, Konar and Bokaro. Most of these

rivers are relatively dry during summer but exhibit torrential flow, rapids and falls during the

monsoon season. Jharkhand has a vast potential for generating hydel power as is exemplified by the

location of the famous Damodar Valley Corporation in the state .

The number of administrative units of undivided Bihar underwent a change with the

formation of the new state of Jharkhand on the 15th of November, 2000. The details of the

administrative set up of the two states are as follows :-

Name of Administrative Units Jharkhand State Bihar State

1. Divisions 4 9
2. Districts 18 37
3. Sub-divisions 33 101
4. C.D.Blocks 210 533
5. Towns 152 130
(i) Statutory Towns 44 125
(ii) Census (Non-Statutory) Towns 108 5
6. Revenue Villages 32615 45103

16

The Directorate of Census Operations, Bihar was entrusted with the additional responsibility

of conducting census operations in the newly created state of Jharkhand also.

 The draft Household Schedule canvassed during the Pre-Test was modified to suit the current

national requirements as a result of which the Household Schedule prepared for actual enumeration

had many firsts to its name. Each of these red printed, computer compatible, A3 size Household

Schedules consisted of two sides- side ‘A’ and side ‘B’. It had three parts and contained 23 questions-

Q. Nos.1 to 15 being on side “A” and Q. Nos.16 to 23 being on side “B”. The use of this

comprehensive household schedule has done away with the practice of using individual slips for

collecting individual particulars. A novel feature to increase truthfulness and accuracy was the

introduction of provision for the respondent to sign the filled up household schedule after checking

the veracity of the entries made by the enumerator. The other major changes are listed below :

Individual particulars for members of households were collected in Household Schedules

instead of Individual Slips.

Information on age at marriage was collected for males also.

Question on type of disability was canvassed for every individual.

Type of educational institution attended by a person also included School/ College/Vocational

Institute / Other Institute/Literacy centre.

The scope of the term ‘Cultivation’ was expanded to include certain other crops

such as tobacco, fruits and vegetables etc.

Production of milk for self-consumption was considered as an economic activity.

Question on seeking/available for work was canvassed for marginal workers also

17

In case of other workers (OW), information regarding distance to the place of work and the

mode of travel was also collected.

 Information with regard to number of children- males and females separately- born during last

one year was collected.

Question on households engaged in cultivation/plantation was introduced.

An intensive publicity campaign was undertaken in the run-up to the population enumeration

phase of Census of India 2001. The electronic media in tandem with the print media played an

important role in creating awareness among the masses. The messages of the Hon’ble Governor, the

Hon’ble Chief Minister, the Chief Secretary and other celebrities like

Shabana Azmi, Bachendri Pal, Sourav Ganguly, Shekher Suman etc. have helped the census

operations in a big way in eliciting public co-operation for its successful conduct and completion.

Voluntary organisations were also forthcoming in organising Sit and Draw contests, Rallies and

Street Plays etc. with the help of respective district administrations. Cinema slides, banners and

pamphlets were provided by the Census Directorate to all districts for publicity.

Census Helplines opened in all the districts, subdivisions and charges were operational

throughout the enumeration period to register and redress public complaints besides providing

technical and logistical support to enumerators and supervisors. Public complaints were attended to

and corrective measures were taken right away. Such prompt attention instilled awareness and

confidence among the masses regarding the importance of census as a national exercise.

The actual enumeration was conducted between 9th Feb and 28th Feb, 2001(both days

inclusive) followed by a revisional round from 1st March to 5th March, 2001. This effort was

preceded by a house numbering exercise carried out by the enumerators in their respective

enumeration blocks from 6th Feb. to 8th Feb, 2001. The houseless population was enumerated on

18

the night of 28th Feb. 2001. The preliminary arrangements for carrying out the enumeration of the

houseless populations was made well in advance with the enumerators already having identified the
areas and spots inhabited by the houseless population in the night and the concerned district

administrations providing security and support to the enumerators and supervisors fanning out into

these areas in the night of 28th February, 2001.

Keeping in view the technological advancement which has taken place in the country, it has

been planned that filled in census schedules will be read through scanners in order to generate various

tables pertaining to Census of India 2001.

 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS

The state of Jharkhand, which came into existence on the 15th of November, 2000, was part of
the composite Bihar state at the time of 1991 Census. The Chotanagpur plateau region of erstwhile
Bihar was separated from the parent state to form the new state of Jharkhand. At the time of 1991
Census the south Bihar area, or the Chhotanagpur plateau region, consisted of 13 districts. However,
5 new districts were created in the intervening period and the newly created Jharkhand state now
consists of 18 districts. 5 old districts during 1991 Census, viz., Palamu, Hazaribag, Giridih,
Dhanbad and Sahibganj have been split up and they now consist of 10 districts. The jurisdiction of
the new districts and the old districts from which they have been carved out are given below:

District Jurisdiction
1. Garhwa : Garhwa subdivision of old Palamu district during1991 Census.
2. Palamu : Daltonganj and Latehar subdivisions of Palamu district during
1991 Census.
3. Chatra : Chatra sub-division of Hazaribag district during 1991 Census.
4. Kodarma : Kodarma subdivision (except C.D.Blocks Chauparan and
Barkatha) of Hazaribag district during 1991 Census.
5. Hazaribag : Hazaribag Sadar subdivision and C.D.Blocks Chauparan and
Barkatha of Kodarma sub-division of Hazaribag district during
1991 Census.
6. Bokaro : Bermo subdivision of Giridhi district and C.D.Blocks Chas and
Chandankiyari of Dhanbad district during 1991 Census.
7. Dhanbad : Dhanbad district excluding C.D.Blocks Chas and Chandankiyari
of Dhanbad district during 1991 Census.
8. Giridih : Giridih Sadar subdivision of Giridih district during 1991 Census.
9. Pakaur : Pakaur subdivision of old Sahibganj district during 1991 Census.
10. Sahibganj : Rajmahal subdivision of Sahibganj district during 1991 Census.

21
 The jurisdiction of the other 8 districts has remained unaffected over the decade.
Provisional population totals are based on the Enumerators’ Abstract prepared by the
enumerators for their enumeration blocks after completing the work of revisional round from 1 st to 5th
March, 2001. These results were thereafter aggregated at charge (C.D. Block/Town/Special Charge)
and district level. The following four tables, based on the provisional population totals of Jharkhand
during Census of India 2001, are presented in this paper :

TABLE – 1 : Population distribution, percentage decadal growth rate, sex-ratio

and population density.

TABLE – 2 : Percentage decadal variation in population since 1901 for state and
districts.

TABLE – 3 : Sex-ratio since 1901 for state and districts.

TABLE – 4 : Population in the age-group 0-6, Number of literates, Literacy rate

for state and districts.

A few statements have also been prepared which have been dealt with in the course of
analysis of the provisional population results.
 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION AND GROWTH RATE

At 00.00 hours of 1st March, 2001, the state of Jharkhand, with an area of 79714 sq.km., had a
population of 26,909,428 persons. Till 1991 Census, the state of Jharkhand was part of erstwhile
Bihar. However, on recasting the population figures, it has been observed that at the time of 1991
census the population of Jharkhand was 21,843,911. While the area which comprises Jharkhand state
today contained only 25 percent of the total population of the erstwhile Bihar at the time of 1991
census, it possessed as much as 46 percent of the total geographical area. In terms of population,
Jharkhand area would have occupied 13th position among all states in the country during 1991 census.
According to the provisional population totals of Census of India 2001, Jharkhand now occupies the
same position and is placed after the states of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Orissa,
Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharastra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka Kerala and Tamilnadu. The first
three positions in the country are occupied by the states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharastra and Bihar
respectively.

The statement below shows the relative position of Jharkhand among the 28 states and 7
Union Territories of the country :

PROVISIONAL POPULATION TOTALS 2001

FIGURES AT A GLANCE

Population distribution, percentage decadal growth, sex ratio, population density and literacy rate
State/ India/States/ Population 2001 Percentage Sex ratio Population Literacy rate 2001
UT Union territories* decadal (females per density
Code growth 1000 males) (per sq. km.)
Persons Males Females 1981- 1991- 1991 2001 1991 2001 Persons Males Females
1991 2001
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
India 1,2,3 1027015247 531277078 495738169 23.86 21.34 927 933 267 324 65.38 75.85 54.16

1 Jammu & Kashmir 4 10069917 5300574 4769343 30.34 29.04 896 900 77 99 54.46 65.75 41.82

2 Himchal Pradesh 5,7 6077248 3085256 2991992 20.79 17.53 976 970 93 109 77.13 86.02 68.08

3 Punjab 24289296 12963362 11325934 20.81 19.76 882 874 403 482 69.95 75.63 63.55

4 Chandigarh * 900914 508224 392690 42.16 40.33 790 773 5632 7903 81.76 85.65 76.65
 5 Uttaranchal 8479562 4316401 4163161 24.23 19.20 936 964 133 159 72.28 84.01 60.26

6 Haryana 21082989 11327658 9755331 27.41 28.06 865 861 372 477 68.59 79.25 56.31

7 Delhi * 13782976 7570890 6212086 51.45 46.31 827 821 6352 9294 81.82 87.37 75.00

8 Rajasthan 56473122 29381657 27091465 28.44 28.33 910 922 129 165 61.03 76.46 44.34

9 Uttar Pradesh 166052859 87466301 78586558 25.55 25.80 876 898 548 689 57.36 70.23 42.98

10 Bihar 82878796 43153964 39724832 23.38 28.43 907 921 685 880 47.53 60.32 33.57

11 Sikkim 540493 288217 252276 28.47 32.98 878 875 57 76 69.68 76.73 61.46

12 Arunachal Pradesh 1091117 573951 517166 36.83 26.21 859 901 10 13 54.74 64.07 44.24

13 Nagaland 1988636 1041686 946950 56.08 64.41 886 909 73 120 67.11 71.77 61.92

14 Manipur 2388634 1207338 1181296 29.29 30.02 958 978 82 107 68.87 77.87 59.70

15 Mizoram 891058 459783 431275 39.70 29.18 921 938 33 42 88.49 90.69 86.13

16 Tripura 3191168 1636138 1555030 34.30 15.74 945 950 263 304 73.66 81.47 65.41

17 Meghalaya 2306069 1167840 1138229 32.86 29.94 955 975 79 103 63.31 66.14 60.41

18 Assam 26638407 13787799 12850608 24.24 18.85 923 932 286 340 64.28 71.93 56.03

19 West Bengal 80221171 41487694 38733477 24.73 17.84 917 934 767 904 69.22 77.58 60.22

20 Jharkhand 26909428 13861277 13048151 24.03 23.19 922 941 274 338 54.13 67.94 39.38

21 Orissa 36706920 18612340 18094580 20.06 15.94 971 972 203 236 63.61 75.95 50.97

22 Chhatisgarh 20795956 10452426 10343530 25.73 18.06 985 990 130 154 65.18 77.86 52.40

23 Madhya Pradesh 60385118 31456873 28928245 27.24 24.34 912 920 158 196 64.11 76.80 50.28

24 Gujarat 6,7 50596992 26344053 24252939 21.19 22.48 934 921 211 258 69.97 80.50 58.60

25 Daman & Diu * 158059 92478 65581 28.62 55.59 969 709 907 1411 81.09 88.40 70.37

26 Dadar & Nagar Haveli * 220451 121731 98720 33.57 59.20 952 811 282 449 60.03 73.32 42.99

27 Maharashtra 96752247 50334270 46417977 25.73 22.57 934 922 257 314 77.27 86.27 67.51

28 Andhara Pradesh 75727541 38286811 37440730 24.20 13.86 972 978 242 275 61.11 70.85 51.17

29 Karnataka 52733958 26856343 25877615 21.12 17.25 960 964 235 275 67.04 76.29 57.45

30 Goa 1343998 685617 658381 16.08 14.89 967 960 316 363 82.32 88.88 75.51

31 Laksadweep * 60595 31118 29477 28.47 17.19 943 947 1616 1894 87.52 93.15 81.56

32 Kerala 31838619 15468664 16369955 14.32 9.42 1036 1058 749 819 90.92 94.20 87.86

33 Tamil Nadu 62110839 31268654 30842185 15.39 11.19 974 986 429 478 73.47 82.33 64.55

34 Pondicherry * 973829 486705 487124 33.64 20.56 979 1001 1683 2029 81.49 88.89 74.13

35 Andman Nicobar Island 356265 192985 163280 48.70 26.94 818 846 34 43 81.18 86.07 75.29

Notes: 1. The Population of India includes the estimated population of entire kachchh district, Morvi, Maliya-Miyana
and Wankaner talukas of Rajkot district, Jodiya taluka of Jamnagar district of Gujarat state and entire
Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh where population enumeration of Census of India 2001 could not be
conducted due to natural calamities.

For working out the population density of India and Jammu & Kashmir the entire area and population of those
areas of Jammu & Kashmir which are under illegal occupation of Pakistan and China have not been taken into
 account.

3. The Literacy rates for India have been worked out by excluding the population and number of literates
of areas affected by natural calamities of Gujarat and Himchal Pradesh as per details given in Note 1 above.
taken into account.

4. While working out the percentage decadal growth of population of Jammu & Kashmir the population
figures for 1991 have been worked out by interpolation as 1991 Census could not be held there owing
to disturbed conditions .

5. Figures shown against Himachal Pradesh have been arrived at after including the estimated figures of
entire Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh where the population enumeration of Census of India,2001
could not be conducted due to natural calamity.

6. Figures shown against Gujarat have been arrived at after including the estimated figures of entire Kachchh
district, Morvi, Maliya-Miyana and Wankaner talukas of Rajkot district, Jodiya taluka of Jamnagar district
of Gujarat state where the population enumeration of Census of India, 2001 could not be conducted due
to natural calamity.

7. Literacy rates shown against Himachal Pradesh and Gujarat do not include areas affected by natural
calamities, the details of which are given in Note-1 above
The following statement shows the population distribution, percentage decadal growth rate,
sex-ratio and density of population for Jharkhand and India.

Figure at a Glance for India and State

Population distribution, Percentage decadal growth rate, Sex-ratio and Population density
Sl. India/State Population
No. 2001 growth females per sq . km.
Persons Males Females rate
1981-91 1991-01 per 1000
1991 2001 1991 2001*

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 INDIA 1027015247 531277078 495738169 23.86 21.34 927 933 267 324

2 JHARKHAND 26909428 13861277 13048151 24.03 23.19 922 941 274 338

* Area figure of the state on the basis of which population density has been worked out is provisional.
It can be viewed that the growth rate of population of Jharkhand state (after recasting of
population figures) has been slightly higher than that recorded for the country as a whole during
1981-1991, the growth rate being 24.03 and 23.86 respectively. However, during current decade
(1991-2001), the growth of population in Jharkhand has registered a slight decline, coming down
to 23.19 as against 24.03 during 1981-91. The population growth rate of Jharkhand state is more than
the all India average of 21.34 percent during 1991-2001.

The distribution of population in relation to the districts, which are the main units of
administration in the state as well as the country,can be seen from Table-1 placed at Annexure-1. It is
a common phenomenon that there are wide variations in almost every state in respect of area and
population among the districts.

In Statement – 1 below all the districts in the state have been ranked in order of their
population :

Statement – 1

Ranking of Districts by population size in 1991 and 2001

Rank in District Population Percent to total Population Percent to total Rank in 1991
2001 2001 population of the 1991
State 2001 State 1991
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Ranchi 2783577 10.34 2214048 10.14 1
2 Dhanbad 2394434 8.90 1949526 8.92 2
3 Hazaribag 2277108 8.46 1836068 8.41 3
4 Palamu 2092004 7.77 1649841 7.55 5
5 Pashchimi 2080265 7.73 1787955 8.19 4
Singhbhum
6 Purbi 1978671 7.35 1613088 7.38 6
Singhbhum
7 Giridih 1901564 7.07 1496189 6.85 7
8 Bokaro 1775961 6.60 1454416 6.66 9
9 Dumka 1754571 6.52 1495709 6.85 8
10 Gumla 1345520 5.00 1153976 5.28 10
11 Deoghar 1161370 4.32 933113 4.27 11
12 Godda 1047264 3.89 861182 3.94 12
13 Garhwa 1034151 3.84 801350 3.67 13
14 Sahibganj 927584 3.45 736835 3.37 14
15 Chatra 790680 2.94 612713 2.81 15
16 Pakaur 701616 2.62 564253 2.58 16
17 Kodarma 498683 1.85 394763 1.81 17
18 Lohardaga 364405 1.35 288886 1.32 18

From the point of view of population distribution, the three top districts in the state of
Jharkhand are Ranchi, Dhanbad and Hazaribag containing 10.34, 8.90 and 8.46 percent respectively,
of the total population of the state, according to the provisional population figures of 2001 Census.
Ranchi is the most populous district of the state. The three districts at the bottom, as far as population
is concerned, are Lohardaga (1.35%), Kodarma (1.85%) and Pakaur (2.62%). While Lohardaga is an
old districts, Kodarma and Pakaur are newly created districts, carved out of Hazaribag and Sahibganj
districts respectively, after 1991 Census. These three districts have retained their rank and position
vis-à-vis 1991 Census. The ranking position of these three districts in terms of population is the same
in 2001 as was at the time of 1991 census. Lohardaga, like 1991 Census, is the least populous district
in the state of Jharkhand. The average population of a district of Jharkhand has been worked out to
be 1,494,968 during 2001 Census as against 1,213,551 in 1991 Census.

The comparative distribution of population among the districts is set out in the diagram in this
paper.

GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION IN DISTIRCTS

The population of a country, or any state, keeps on changing over a period of time. The excess
of incidence of births over deaths causes an increase in the population of any country or state and this
is termed as ‘natural increase’. Migration is another important factor for population variation, though
it does not have substantial effect on the population growth of any country or state. Hence, it is
mainly the interaction of births and deaths that alters the population status of any country or state.
Table – 2 placed at Annexure – 2 shows the district-wise decadal variation in population
since 1901. The diagram of Jharkhand depicting decennial growth rate (1901-2001) is presented in
this paper. It is observed from Table – 2 that the growth rates have shown very wide fluctuations in
the districts over the decades. During 1901-11, while all the districts have shown an increase in
growth rate, the rate of increase has, however, been maximum in the mining and industrial belt of
Dhanbad during this decade (32.00%). The district of Dhanbad has maintained this position and
remained at the top during the decades 1911-21, 1941-51 and 1951-61. In the decades thereafter i.e.
till 1981-91, the district of Bokaro, which has been carved out of the old Dhanbad and Giridih
districts, has registered maximum increase in growth rate. During the current decade i.e. 1991-2001,
the newly created districts of Garhwa and Chatra have shown the highest rise in decadal growth rate
(29.05% each). These two districts were part of the old Palamu and Hazaribag districts respectively
in the earlier censuses. The districts of Purbi Singhbum and Pashchimi Singhbhum have also
registered a higher growth rate throughout, except for two or three decades in between. During 1911-
21, when the state’s increase in decadal growth rate was very marginal and population of many of the
districts decreased, there was an increase in population in Dhanbad, Palamu, Purbi Singbhum,
Pashchimi Singhbhum and in the area which presently falls in the newly created district of Bokaro
(which was earlier part of Dhanbad and Giridih districts). From the decade1921-31 onwards, no
district in the state has shown a negative growth rate, i.e., decline in population, although fluctuations
are noticed in the population growth rate among districts in all the succeeding decades. In the present
decade i.e.1991-2001, as many as 11 districts have recorded a population growth rate higher than the
state average of 23.19. Among these, newly created districts of Garhwa and Chatra rank first (29.05
each). The district with the least population growth rate during the decade is Pashchimi Singhbhum
(16.35%) which, in fact, has shown a decline in the population growth rate vis-à-vis 1981-1991
(20.58%).
 SEX - RATIO

It has been observed during various Censuses that the number of males and females are rarely
at parity, the males generally outnumbering the females. The sex-ratio, expressed as the number of
females per 1000 males, indicates whether there is any deficiency or surplus of females in the
population. The sex-ratio is said to be favourable to females, if the number of females exceeds that of
males, and adverse, if the opposite holds good.

Table – 3 placed at Annexure – 3 presents sex-ratio of the population for the state and the
districts from 1901- onwards.

It is interesting to note that the sex-ratio in the state has remained favourable to females
during the decades 1901, 1911 and 1921. Thereafter, sex-ratio has started showing a declining trend
and has always remained unfavourable to females. Significantly, there has been increase of 19 points
in the sex-ratio of Jharkhand state at 2001 Census, the sex- ratio being 941 as against 922 at the time
of 1991 Census.

After recasting the figures of sex-ratio of Jharkhand since 1901, it is observed that the sex-
ratio in Jharkhand since 1901 has always remained higher than that for the country as a whole till
1981 Census. However, the sex-ratio of 922 for the state of Jharkhand, worked out for 1991 Census,
is comparatively lower than the national average of 927. However, at the present census, the state
has shown substantial increase in sex-ratio, 19 points more than 1991 Census. The sex-ratio recorded
this time for Jharkhand, as per the provisional population figures, is 941 as against 922 worked out
for 1991 Census. If we compare the sex-ratio figures of Jharkhand with the country and other states
for the present Census,it transpires that Jharkhand has once again recorded higher sex-ratio (941) as
compared to national average of 933.

29

The states having higher sex-ratio than that of Jharkhand are Kerala (1058), Chhatisgarh
(990), Tamil Nadu (986), Manipur (978), Andhra Pradesh (978), Meghalya (975), Orissa (972),
Himachal Pradesh (970), Karnataka (964), Uttranchal (964), Goa (960) and Tripura (950). Kerala is
the only state in the country which has returned sex-ratio favourable for females during 2001 Census.
All other states have a lower sex-ratio vis-à-vis Jharkhand state. Among Union Territories,
Pondicherry has returned a sex-ratio which is favourable for females (1001).

It can be observed from Table – 3 placed at Annexure – 3 that the sex-ratio in most of the
districts of Jharkhand is consistently decreasing over the decades. The newly created districts of
Chatra and Kodarma as well as Giridih and Lohardaga districts have recorded a balanced sex-ratio in
most of the decades. The first three decades (1901, 1911 and 1921) have registered a favourable or a
near favourable sex-ratio for females in the state as well as in most of the districts except Dhanbad.
The 1991 Census had shown a substantial decline in the sex-ratio for the state and all its districts,
except in case of Dhanbad & Purbi Singhbhum districts. However, during the present census it can be
seen that the tendency of declining sex-ratio has been checked and the state of Jharkhand along with
all its constituent districts has witnessed a relatively higher sex-ratio.

Statement – 2 below helps to assess the comparative position of sex-ratio in 18 districts of the
state during 1991 and 2001 Census :

Statement – 2

Ranking of Districts by Sex-ratio

Rank in 2001 District Sex-ratio(Number of Rank in 1991

females 2001
per 1000 1991
1 2 3 4 5
1 Kodarma 1001 986 2
2 Gumla 995 987 1
3 Giridih 983 966 4
4 Lohardaga 976 971 3
30
5 Pashchimi 976 965 5
.Singhbhum
6 Chatra 964 952 8
7 Dumka 961 955 6
8 Pakaur 958 954 7
 9 Hazaribag 950 914 14
10 Sahibganj 943 924 11
11 Ranchi 938 921 13
12 Palamu 937 932 9
13 Garhwa 935 926 10
14 Purbi Singhbhum 931 906 16
15 Godda 926 922 12
16 Deoghar 914 911 15
17 Bokaro 895 865 17
18 Dhanbad 874 819 18

From the statement, it would be evident that the sex-ratio is favourable to females in the
district of Kodarma (1001) in the state during 2001 Census where females have outnumbered males,
registering an increase of 15 points over 1991 Census (986). Gumla district, which ranked first in
1991, so far as sex-ratio is concerned, has slipped down to the second position in 2001 coming next
to Kodarma which has exchanged its position with Gumla in the present Census. The districts of
Giridih and Lohardaga also reflect the same trend and the two districts have also exchanged ranks
between 1991 and 2001 Censuses. Dhanbad district as usual occupies the bottom position, retaining
the same rank and position as it registered at the time of 1991 Census. This district has, however,
shown considerable improvement in sex-ratio over the decade although it is still far behind other
districts. Hazaribag district has improved its position over the decade, occupying 9th position this time
compared with 14th rank during 1991 Census. There are as many as 10 districts viz, Kodarma (1001),
Gumla (995), Giridih (983), Lohardaga (976), Pashchimi Singhbhum (976), Chatra (964), Dumka
(961) Pakaur (958), Hazaribag (950) and Sahibganj (943) which have recorded sex-ratio higher than
the state average of 941 during 2001 Census.

31

DENSITY OF POPULATION
 Population in relation to the area is termed as population density. In this paper, the number of
persons living in an area of one square kilometer has been taken as the density of population
(persons/km2).
It can be seen from Table-1, placed at Annexure-1, that the density of population i.e. number
of persons per sq.km. in Jharkhand is 338 during 2001 Census as against 274 at the time of 1991
Census. Jharkhand state is rather sparsely populated in comparison to the state of Bihar. The
population density of Jharkhand (338) is much less compared to the density of population of Bihar
(880) and marginally above the national average (324), as per the provisional population figures of
2001 Census. The population density of only 10 states has been returned as higher than that of
Jharkhand during the present census. The states with a lower density of population as compared to
Jharkhand are - Arunachal Pradesh (13), Mizoram (42), Sikkim (76), Himachal Pradesh (99),
Meghalaya (103), Manipur (107), Nagaland (120), Chhatisgarh (154), Uttaranchal (159), Rajasthan
(165), Madhya Pradesh (196), Orissa (236), Gujarat (258), Andhra Pradesh (275), Karnataka (275),
Tripura (304), Maharastra (314) and Jammu & Kashmir (324).

The density of population for the state as also for each district during 1991 and 2001 Censuses
is shown in Statement – 3 below :

Statement – 3

Ranking of Districts by Density of Population

Rank in 2001 District Density of Population Rank in 1991

2001* 1991
1 2 3 4 5
1 Dhanbad 1167 950 1
2 Bokaro 621 508 2
3 Sahibganj 580 461 3
4 Purbi Singhbhum 560 457 4
5 Godda 496 408 5
32
6 Deoghar 468 376 6
7 Pakaur 388 312 7
8 Giridih 382 301 9
9 Kodarma 380 301 8
 10 Hazaribag 370 299 10
11 Ranchi 362 288 11
12 Dumka 282 241 12
13 Garhwa 256 198 13
14 Lohardaga 244 194 14
15 Palamu 240 190 15
16 Chatra 213 165 17
17 Pash.Singhbhum 210 180 16
18 Gumla 148 127 18

* Area figures of districts on the basis of which population densities have been worked out are provisional.

Change in population density mainly depends on the rate of population growth and the land
utilisation patterns. Accordingly, the density varies from place to place and from district to district. It
can be seen from the above statement that among the districts, Dhanbad is the most densely
populated (1167) in the state of Jharkhand. Bokaro (621), which occupies the second position in the
state, has almost half the density of population of Dhanbad. Except in the case of Giridih and
Kodarma as well as Chatra and Pashchimi Singhbhum districts, which have exchanged positions with
each other, all other districts have retained their rank in 2001 Census vis-à-vis in 1991 Census. It is
common phenomenon that the density increases in all districts including the state over the decades on
account of growth of population in every census year while geographical area remains almost the
same. It further transpires from the above statement that there are as many as 11 districts in the state
which have registered higher population density than the state average of 338. These are Dhanbad,
Bokaro, Sahibganj, Purbi Singhbhum, Godda, Deoghar, Pakaur, Giridih, Kodarma, Hazaribag and
Ranchi (Population density ranging between 362 and 1167). The highest density of population is in
Dhanbad (1167) and the lowest density of population has been found in case of Gumla (148). The
district of Gumla had the lowest population density during 1991 Census also.
33

LITERACY
 One of the important characteristics of population on which information is obtained in the
Census is literacy. For the purpose of Census of India 2001, a person is deemed literate if he or she
can read and write with understanding in any language. A person who can merely read but cannot
write is not considered literate. A person could, however, be a literate without having had any
formal education or having passed any minimum educational standard. Ability to merely sign one’s
name is not adequate to qualify a person as literate. In the earlier Censuses i.e. till 1971, all children
of the age of 4 years and less were treated as illiterates, even if some among them attended school
and had picked up reading and writing of a few odd words. However, since 1981 Census the
population aged 7 years and above is to be classified as literate or illiterate. In view of this, during
Census of India 2001, the question on literacy was canvassed only for population aged 7 years and
above.

Following this criterion, the total number of persons returned as literate in Jharkhand during
2001 Census is 11970177. Literate males greatly outnumber literate females. Among the total
literates 7759966 are males and 4210211 females, which means that for every 100 literate males
there are, on an average, 54 literate females. It is quite evident from Table 4 placed at Annexure-4
that literacy rate for the state of Jharkhand, according to the provisional population totals (2001
Census), is 54.13 as against 41.39 worked out for 1991 Census. Literacy rate in the state has
increased roughly by 13 percentage points between 1991 and 2001 but it is still very low as
compared to the all India average of 65.38 percent. It is seen from the table that male literates
(67.94) are slightly less than double the female literates (39.38) in Jharkhand. It must, however, be
said that the literacy rates have shown significant upward trend over the decade both for males and
females (females having an edge over males).

The sex wise comparative literacy rates for males and females over last six decades (1951 to
2001) can be viewed from Statement-4 placed below :

34

Statement - 4

Literacy Rate 1951-2001

Year Persons Males Females
 1 2 3 4
1951 12.93 19.05 6.18
1961 21.14 33.27 8.34
1971 23.87 35.56 11.36
1981 35.03 49.71 19.13
1991 41.39 55.80 25.52
2001 54.13 67.94 39.38

The rates
for the years 1981

It is manifest from the above statement that literacy rates both for males and females are
improving over the decades in the state. The literacy rate for Jharkhand state has, however, remained
lower than the all India average for all the census years. It is, however, worthwhile to mention that
literacy rates for 1951, 1961 and 1971 relate to population aged five years and above while the rates
for the years 1981 to 2001 relate to population aged 7 years and above.

In the statement-5 below, comparative literacy rates for males and females in all the districts
of Jharkhand for 1991 and 2001 Censuses have been presented:

Statement – 5

Literacy rates by Sex for State and Districts

Sl. State/District Literacy rate *
No.
Person Males
s
1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Jharkhand 41.39 54.13 55.80 67.94 25.52 39.38
1 Garhwa 26.06 39.39 39.03 54.69 11.85 22.91
2 Palamu 33.52 45.67 47.57 59.76 18.21 30.50
35
3 Chatra 27.84 43.35 40.45 55.67 14.39 30.50
4 Hazaribag 41.21 58.05 56.54 72.16 24.13 43.15
5 Kodarma 38.52 52.73 58.12 71.57 18.61 34.03
6 Giridih 32.24 45.16 49.81 63.07 13.91 27.05
7 Deoghar 37.92 50.53 54.12 66.93 19.74 32.33
8 Godda 34.02 43.73 48.56 58.07 18.00 27.98
9 Sahibganj 29.37 37.91 39.51 48.33 18.27 26.78
10 Pakaur 23.96 30.54 33.56 40.19 13.80 20.44
11 Dumka 34.02 48.31 49.29 63.28 17.91 32.68
12 Dhanbad 54.24 67.49 67.82 80.03 37.00 52.93
13 Bokaro 51.14 62.98 66.48 76.99 32.85 47.17
14 Ranchi 51.52 65.69 65.12 77.76 36.57 52.77
15 Lohardaga 40.79 53.97 54.99 67.84 26.11 39.88
16 Gumla 39.67 52.35 51.70 64.14 27.48 40.56
17 Pash.Singhbhum 38.92 50.70 54.75 66.23 22.44 34.81
18 Purbi Singhbhum 59.05 69.42 71.18 80.08 45.50 57.95

Note: - * Literacy rate is the percentage of literates to population aged 7 Years and above.

It can be observed that all the districts have registered increase in literacy rates over the
decade. Most of the districts have registered increase of more that 10 percentage points in the
literacy rates during 2001 Census vis-à-vis 1991 Census. For only three districts, viz., Godda,
Sahibganj and Pakaur, the rise is less than 10 percentage points. The maximum rise in literacy rate
has been observed in the case of Hazaribag district where the increase in percentage points over the
decade has been more than 16. The districts having higher literacy rates than the state average of
54.13 are Purbi Singhbhum (69.42), Dhanbad (67.49), Ranchi (65.69), Bokaro (62.98) and
Hazaribag (58.05). Pakaur district has the least literacy rate (30.54%) followed by Sahibganj
(37.91%) and Garhwa (39.39%) districts. Pakaur and Garhwa are the newly created districts carved
out of Sahibganj and Palamu districts.

Variation in male and female literacy is another important aspect. The sex wise break up of
literacy rate clearly indicates that the females have outnumbered males so far as decadal increase in
literacy percentages is concerned. The decadal increase in literacy rate amongs females has been
36
13.86% while the corresponding increase among males has been 12.14%. While the increase in
percentage literacy points among females varies between 19 points (Hazaribag) and 6 points
(Pakaur) approximately, the rise in percentage points among males varies between 16 points
(Garhwa) and 7 points (Pakaur). Female literacy rate is highest in Purbi Singhbhum district (57.95%)
closely followed by Dhanbad (52.93%) and Ranchi (52.77%) districts. Female literates are found
to be the least in Pakaur (20.44) district followed by Garhwa (22.91%) and Sahibganj (26.78%)
districts.

The districts have been arranged below in decreasing order of literacy rates during
2001 Census ;

Rank in 2001 District Literacy rate

1 2 3

1 Purbi Singhbhum 69.42

2 Dhanbad 67.49
3 Ranchi 65.69
4 Bokaro 62.98
5 Hazaribag 58.05
6 Lohardaga 53.97
7 Kodarma 52.73
8 Gumla 52.35
9 Pash.Singhbhum 50.70
10 Deoghar 50.53
11 Dumka 48.31
12 Palamu 45.67
13 Giridih 45.16
14 Godda 43.73
15 Chatra 43.35
16 Garhwa 39.39
17 Sahibganj 37.91
18 Pakaur 30.54

37

The districts have been shown below, in decreasing order of female literacy rates, during
2001 Census :

Rank in 2001 District Literacy Rate

1 2 3
 1 Purbi Singhbhum 57.95
2 Dhanbad 52.93
3 Ranchi 52.77
4 Bokaro 47.17
5 Hazaribag 43.15
6 Gumla 40.56
7 Lohardaga 39.88
8 Pash.Singhbhum 34.81
9 Kodarma 34.03
10 Dumka 32.68
11 Deoghar 32.33
12 Palamu 30.50
13 Chatra 30.50
14 Godda 27.98
15 Giridih 27.05
16 Sahibganj 26.78
17 Garhwa 22.91
18 Pakaur 20.44

39
Annexure -1
TABLE – 1

Population distribution , Percentage decadal growth rate, Sex-ratio and Population density
Sl. State/Dstrict 01
No. Population growth females per sq. km.
Persons Males Females rate
1981-91 1991-01 per 1000
1991 2001 1991 2001*
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Jharkhand 26909428 13861277 13048151 24.03 23.19 922 941 274 338
 1 Garhwa 1034151 534433 499718 32.07 29.05 926 935 198 256

2 Palamu 2092004 1079829 1012175 25.87 26.80 932 937 190 240

3 Chatra 790680 402565 388115 32.43 29.05 952 964 165 213

4 Hazaribag 2277108 1167526 1109582 28.63 24.02 914 950 299 370

5 Kodarma 498683 249276 249407 28.08 26.32 986 1001 301 380

6 Giridih 1901564 958904 942660 28.92 27.09 966 983 301 382

7 Deoghar 1161370 606688 554682 31.64 24.46 911 914 376 468

8 Godda 1047264 543784 503480 20.71 21.61 922 926 408 496

9 Sahibganj 927584 477366 450218 19.69 25.89 924 943 461 580

10 Pakaur 701616 358414 343202 21.57 24.34 954 958 312 388

11 Dumka 1754571 894849 859722 23.05 17.31 955 961 241 282

12 Dhanbad 2394434 1277516 1116918 22.70 22.82 819 874 950 1167

13 Bokaro 1775961 937188 838773 32.57 22.11 865 895 508 621

14 Ranchi 2783577 1436423 1347154 21.42 25.72 921 938 288 362

15 Lohardaga 364405 184405 180000 25.72 26.14 971 976 194 244

16 Gumla 1345520 674455 671065 13.44 16.60 987 995 127 148

17 Pashchimi 2080265 1052711 1027554 20.58 16.35 965 976 180 210
.Singhbhum
18 Purbi Singhbhum 1978671 1024945 953726 16.98 22.66 906 931 457 560

* Area figures on the basis of which population density of state and districts have been worked out are provisional.

40

Annexure -2
TABLE – 2

Percentage decadal variation in population since 1901 for State and Districts
Sl. State/District decadal variation
No. Percenta
1901-11 1911-21 1921-31 1931-41 1941-51 1951-61 1961-71 1971-81 1981-91 1991-01
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Jharkhand 11.19 0.31 16.86 12.13 9.35 19.69 22.58 23.79 24.03 23.19

1 Garhwa 10.90 6.64 11.64 11.48 8.00 22.00 29.96 30.09 32.07 29.05
2 Palamu 10.90 6.64 11.64 11.48 8.00 19.85 25.22 26.28 25.87 26.80

3 Chatra 9.39 -0.90 18.83 15.42 10.61 22.37 26.35 26.93 32.43 29.05

4 Hazaribag 9.39 -0.91 18.83 15.42 10.61 27.48 32.62 37.75 28.63 24.02

5 Kodarma 9.39 -0.91 18.83 15.42 10.61 17.89 21.07 25.78 28.08 26.32

6 Giridih 9.39 -0.90 18.83 15.42 10.61 21.16 25.29 23.90 28.92 27.09

7 Deoghar 4.04 -4.46 14.30 8.99 3.92 14.16 21.12 21.24 31.64 24.46

8 Godda 4.04 -4.46 14.30 8.99 3.92 10.87 20.98 18.73 20.71 21.61

9 Sahibganj 4.04 -4.46 14.30 8.99 3.92 19.52 22.43 21.38 19.69 25.89

10 Pakaur 4.04 -4.46 14.30 8.99 3.92 25.08 16.16 15.15 21.57 24.34

11 Dumka 4.04 -4.46 14.30 8.99 3.92 12.97 16.76 11.40 23.05 17.31

12 Dhanbad 32.00 12.40 15.89 13.33 21.71 30.62 16.42 39.19 22.70 22.82

13 Bokaro 16.19 3.64 17.74 14.66 14.61 21.92 37.51 43.85 32.57 22.11

14 Ranchi 16.81 -3.79 17.44 6.91 11.09 17.51 26.49 23.68 21.42 25.72

15 Lohardaga 16.81 -3.79 17.44 6.91 11.09 14.77 16.86 14.08 25.72 26.14

16 Gumla 16.81 -3.79 17.44 6.91 11.09 13.77 16.86 8.71 13.44 16.60

17 Pashchimi 11.65 5.77 22.19 19.25 8.64 15.22 16.56 7.97 20.58 16.35
Singhbhum
18 Purbi Singhbhum 11.65 5.77 22.19 19.25 8.64 28.58 22.12 29.56 16.98 22.66

41

Annexure –3

TABLE – 3

Sex-ratio since 1901 for State and Districts

Sl. State/District 1000 males)
No. Sex-
1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Jharkhand State 1032 1021 1002 989 978 961 960 945 940 922 941
1 Garhwa 1023 1012 996 998 996 984 986 962 954 926 935
2 Palamu 1023 1012 996 998 996 974 984 964 958 932 937
 3 Chatra 1066 1048 1046 1018 991 1034 1020 1010 1000 952 964
4 Hazaribag 1066 1048 1046 1018 991 988 968 954 933 914 950
5 Kodarma 1066 1048 1046 1018 991 1053 1016 1030 1034 986 1001
6 Giridih 1066 1048 1046 1018 991 944 1042 1022 1016 966 983
7 Deoghar 1019 1017 1007 1000 993 937 960 932 932 911 914
8 Godda 1019 1017 1008 1000 993 1000 989 964 957 922 926
9 Sahibganj 1019 1017 1007 1000 993 988 976 959 955 924 943
10 Pakaur 1019 1017 1008 1000 993 989 987 966 971 954 958
11 Dumka 1019 1017 1007 1000 993 986 985 967 968 955 961
12 Dhanbad 951 891 849 831 827 787 763 780 807 819 874
13 Bokaro 1030 992 969 945 929 944 929 871 867 865 895
14 Ranchi 1058 1050 1026 1017 1005 974 960 944 928 921 938
15 Lohardaga 1058 1050 1026 1017 1005 992 1027 1027 1011 971 976
16 Gumla 1058 1050 1026 1017 1005 996 1019 1010 1019 987 995
17 Pashchimi 1026 1031 1004 989 983 1014 1009 983 977 965 976
Singhbhum
18 Purbi Singhbhum 1026 1031 1004 989 983 907 897 892 905 906 931

42

Annexure –4

TABLE – 4

Population in the age-group 0-6,Number of literates and Literacy rate for State and Districts
Sl. State/District Tota Populatio Number Literacy
l population n in age of literates rate #
No
group 0-6 *
.
Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Person Males Females
s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
State Total 26909428 13861277 13048151 4796188 2440025 2356163 11970177 7759966 4210211 54.13 67.94 39.38

1 Garhwa 1034151 534433 499718 220490 112504 107986 320533 230771 89762 39.39 54.69 22.91

2 Palamu 2092004 1079829 1012175 413844 209604 204240 766490 520077 246413 45.67 59.76 30.50
3 Chatra 790680 402565 388115 160519 80902 79617 273166 179084 94082 43.35 55.67 30.50

4 Hazaribag 2277108 1167526 1109582 413203 210276 202927 1081921 690735 391186 58.05 72.16 43.15

5 Kodarma 498683 249276 249407 99116 50258 48858 210679 142440 68239 52.73 71.57 34.03

6 Giridih 1901564 958904 942660 397889 202907 194982 679053 476833 202220 45.16 63.07 27.05

7 Deoghar 1161370 606688 554682 220003 111492 108511 475684 331435 144249 50.53 66.93 32.33

8 Godda 1047264 543784 503480 198457 99448 99009 371184 258025 113159 43.73 58.07 27.98

9 Sahibganj 927584 477366 450218 189070 95899 93171 279980 184378 95602 37.91 48.33 26.78

10 Pakaur 701616 358414 343202 141520 71901 69619 171056 115149 55907 30.54 40.19 20.44

11 Dumka 1754571 894849 859722 306331 155010 151321 699682 468188 231494 48.31 63.28 32.68

12 Dhanbad 2394434 1277516 1116918 368048 188486 179562 1367678 871572 496106 67.49 80.03 52.93

13 Bokaro 1775961 937188 838773 280195 143977 136218 942078 610688 331390 62.98 76.99 47.17

14 Ranchi 2783577 1436423 1347154 442563 225819 216744 1537826 941317 596509 65.69 77.76 52.77

15 Lohardaga 364405 184405 180000 69948 36013 33935 158918 100668 58250 53.97 67.84 39.88

16 Gumla 1345520 674455 671065 241135 121963 119172 578182 354358 223824 52.35 64.14 40.56

17 Pash.Singhbhum 2080265 1052711 1027554 361636 183300 178336 871410 575772 295638 50.70 66.23 34.81

18 Purbi Singhbhum 1978671 1024945 953726 272221 140266 131955 1184657 708476 476181 69.42 80.08 57.95

Note- * Literates exclude children in the age-group 0-6 Years who were by definition treated as illiterate in the Census of India 2001.
# Literacy rate is the percentage of literates to population aged 7 Years and above.