Introduction to human resources management

Learning objective-

01 Need of effective human for any business and for developed of India
02 Characteristic of human.
03 Eras of human resources management .
04 Function of human Resources Management
05 Need for HR
06 Scope of HRM
07 Productivity
08 Human element factors and productivity
A) Productivity and industrial harmony.
B) Moral and productivity.
09 Scientist and their contribution in HR

01 Need of effective human for any business( hr sha mate joiye )

Any business needs man, machine, method, material, market, money, minute to
run business. Success of business depends on effective utilization of these resources. If
these resources not use properly the business will not success or grow properly.
Out of these resources man is the only resource which is live and only man has
ability to utilize the other resources that is ,machine, method ,material, market ,money,
minute. Means the profit and growth of organization depend on man means human and
hence human resources is very important resources than other .
Due to atomization maximum work is done by automatics machine but still not
every work can be done by machine . Like judgments and decision like important
function can not be done by machine .Still computer is utilized for information needed
for judgment and decision . But still machine are similar or supportive to human and not
competitive.
Also to handle high tech machine the human should be effective.
In short closer or growth of any organization depends on the effectiveness of the
employees. And equally the development of country is totally depend effectiveness of
people. Similar is the case of family, if you are effective and competitive your parent and
family will be prosperous and healthy.

Example
-The creativity of Mr Ratan Tata ,to make world cheapest car use his
potential to and prove himself and India.
- The corruptive nature of Mr Raju Lingarama has brought the failure of
Satyam computer failure and shame to Indian business.
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Similar will be the case with you if you use your potential energy to improve
your knowledge and ability ,to develop good habit and to reduce bad habit , to use your
time for body building you will be get positive result .

02 Characteristic of human resources as compare to other resources

01 HR is a living resources it has emotion like fear, anger, sadness, disgust, contempt,
surprise, happiness. The quality of work is depends on all the emotion. While the other
resources has not these emotion.
The need and technique to handle HR are much more different than non-human
resources like machine, material.
Human has physiological, social, psychological, financial, security need which need to
be satisfied completely to get proper work from them.
02 No rated capacity to human as other resources has. Like material can be measured
in kilogram or litter, machine has also capacity and speed. But human capacity that is
creativity and innovation of human mind can not be measured.
03 Difference in ability to work and willingness to work - some people are not
willing to work up to their ability. Like if a person decided to work he will do lot of , and
if think not to work he will make excuses not to work .
04 The maintenance verses enhances of resources – The capacity of machine is
maintain by repairing , maintenance and services like bike is maintain by servicing .
The capacity of human is need to be maintaining by motivation, training and
development.
05 The degree of exacting of obedience and control human : non-human resources
will follow the instruction exactly while the human will not follow the instruction and
control .
Example if we start a fan it will start to rotate what ever may be condition of
environments cold or hot .Properly fitted or not electricity available or not .
But it is not same with human the man will not follow strictly instruction as machine.
06 Accreditation of value As the machine get older and older its value get decreased
while the skill and value of human is increased as it become older IF HE IS POSITIVE .
And it may happen the value of human will be decreases to zero if the person not utilized
his energy for good and positive work.
07 Man needs development training and motivation to enhance performance of work
and to increases willingness level .While services and maintenances are needed to
maintain performance level for non-human resource like material and machine .
08 human resources is divided into two part white collar and blue collar –
executive , manager are white collar and operator , helper are blue collar job.
09 Remuneration The human resources are paid on time base job example is fix job
and also paid on piece base like some rupees per lecture for lecturer. And for machine
depreciation and purchase cost are required.

10 Perishable human resources is perishable resources if not used properly in time its
cost of time is wasted. And can not accumulate. If an engineer is not use for one month
still the organization has to pay his monthly salary .

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03 Eras of human resources

01 Pre-industrial era - jamindari eras 1400 AD to 1700 AD no industries .only

agricultural industrial
02 Industrial era 1760 concept of industrial started and and exploitation started , child
labour and woman labour exploitation started very less pay for labour .No behavioral
science is till develop.
03 Scientific management era 1900 F.W. Tayler In the era the organization is
manage in scientific way and the concept of quality and productivity are comes.
04 Behavioral science era 1924-1933 Dr Alton Mayo’s experiment in Western
Electrical company on productivity and moral relation as a name Hawthorn
Experiment . First time Psychology is used in industry and it’s impact on productivity
and growth of organization.
05 Global HRM era 1970 and till competition ,globalization and liberalization has
changes
the lot of changes in HR All multinational organization in India are providing all
facilities to retain and maintain the employees .Motivation and training are used to get
maximum output from employees .

04 Function of human Resources Management - The function of HRM is broadly

divided into two part
Managerial function –
01Planning –Planning of man power against work and avoid over-staff and under-
staff and estimate cost of manpower against production and profit.
02 Organization -Organizing of the team. Formal establishment of
Human relationship in the form of superior, subordinate and peers.
03 Directing -means directing, guiding, communicating, leading, motivating
04Controlling- involve co-coordinating the effort of team-mate to attain the
Define goal of organization and personal.
05 Motivation- to increase the willingness to do the job and to mould the attitude
As per requirement of task.

Hardcore function
01 Procurement of employees –selection , interviewing, placement and etc
function.
02 Developmental functions of employees -Training of employees for their growth,
And increase the ability and skill.
03 Compensation for contribution and work - Salary and wages and
appraisal of employees
04 Integration of team- to achieved the common of company and
Personal goal of the individual.
05 Maintenance of team performance by motivation.

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05 Need for HR ( hr mate shu joiye)

Human resources are living resources and hence need are very different than that of non-
living resources the main need of HR are as follow .To maintain human resources
effective and productive it need following need

Physiological need – food, Cloths, shelter, water, air

Security needs – job security, future security,
Social need – socially acceptance by group, social equilibrium, social system
Psychological need - ego. Expectation, emotion, Emotional involvement, Value system
Role diversity, Status differentials.

(Give detail , 2-4 line of each)

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06 Productivity- it is ratio of input to output

Productivity = Output / Input

Means maximum output in minimum input .Output means total production of

organization for manufacturing unit and for travel services it is total number of
passengers per day or per flight. Or profit, industrial image .
And input means total resources deployed (utilized) like machine, material, markets,
method, minutes Or hours, and money.
Means if a building a house or bridge is construct with minimum costs, time, cement,
engineers and labors ( all resources) the builder is called as productive builder or
architecture.

Productivity is classified on the bases of input as follow

Human productivity maximum output in minimum man power.

Material productivity maximum output in minimum material.
Method productivity. Maximum output by most updated process and technology.
Minute’s productivity maximum production or output in minimum times
Money productivity. Maximum production in minimum money means minimum costs or
capital.
Marketing productivity Means maximum marketing of product or services in
minimum marketing cost. and minimum man power.

The productivity of an organization can be increasers by as follow

01 getting more output in same input.
02 getting more output in less input.
03 getting same output in less input.

The growth and profit of organization is mainly depending on productivity of the

organization. And productivity is increase or decrease by manpower of organization. If
the work force is motivated, with good marale, and enthusiasistic and Industrial harmony
is organization is good the productivity will be high.

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07 Human element factors on productivity.

a. Human Resources and productivity

b Relationship between morale and productivity
c Industrial harmony and productivity.

a Human Resources and productivity

Productivity means maximum out in minimum input or it is a ratio of out put divided
by in put

Productivity = Output / Input

Means maximum production in minimum times, money, material, method cost, market
cost.
No doubt the other resources are non-living and can not think. Hence it’s only man that
can thinks on profit of organization and ultimately on how to use the other resources like
market, money, method ,material minute (time)for profit of organization.
If man is properly motivated, respected, maintain good morale, harmony in team then it
will produce miraculous result for organization. Conversely if not utilized properly they
will be burden for organization and will lower down profit and image of organist ion.

Example – Ratan Tata – build and utilizes his team for his dream car project TATA
NANO and prove how to use man power effectively to produce miraculous result , and
he and his team is proved himself as pride of India
Conversely Raju Linganmaay of Satyam Computer and his team’s
inefficiencies and disloyalty has prove the biggest economical fraud in India. And they
prove the shame of themselves.
In short if man is utilizes with care they will take of work and organization will be
prosperous.
08 Morale and productivity.( morale means within confidence )

Meaning of Morale -Morale means ethic, self-respected, value of other. If the employees
are respected, properly paid and and involve in decision and treat as human being ,if their
psychological need like emotion, ego, and expectation are satisfied all the above term are
call as Morale of team.
Prof. Alton Mayo and his team of Harvard University in Nave 1924 has decided
to study the relationship between Morale of team and productivity of organization in
Western Electrical Company at Hawthorne in USA.
Prof Alton Mayo and his team has study and did experiment in WEC for six year
and had drawn the conclusion that the higher the morality higher the productivity. Means
the morality and productivity are directly proportional.
The relationship can be presented graphically (as y by Hawthorne experiment)

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Observation first - Productivity/morale = 1

Means the productivity is directly proportional to morale
Observation second - Productivity/morale = less than 1
Means productivity increase as morale decreases
Observation Third - Productivity/morale = more than 1
Means productivity decreases at increasing morale

(Fig – Relationship between productivity vs. morale )

The second case where the morale is decrease the productivity increases is true but the
Life of the situation is very less. The productivity does not maintain higher for long time
when morale is kept at lower.
The conclusion of the experiment is that to maintain productivity at higher level, one’s
should maintain the morale at high level.
Some more mathematical expression also prove that element of human factor are
closely associated with productivity. John New Strom and Keith Dayis in the book
Organizational Behaviour proved the expression as follow. This relation shows that the
productivity is multiplication of attitude, willingness, knowledge and skill. Means
attitude play important role in productivity of organization. And morale is one of the
elements of attitude.

Competence = knowledge * skill

Motivation = Attitude * willingness
Potential Human performance = Competence* Motivation
Organizational productivity = Resources * Potential Human performance

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9 Impact of human element on industrial harmony

Meaning- Industrial harmony means pleasant, working, consistence, growth orientated

culture. Harmony refer to the cohesiveness in a well-knit group .Such harmony foster the
Co-operation, co-ordination, team spirit among the group members.

factors which has impact on Harmony

01 External condition imposed on the group
a organization structure and it’s strategy
b Authority structure
c Establishment of formal policies ,procedures, rules,
d Resources made available by the organization
e Requirement and selection of employees
f culture and values of the organization
02 Impact of group –member Characteristics
a Employee competence means attitude and willingness of team member
b Interpersonal relation of an employees .
03 Impact of group structure .
01 formal leadership and its acceptance by the group
02 Role of every employee in the group activity.
03 Norms or rule and regulation development by group
04 Status of every person in the group
05 Size of group and contribution of the member in the group.
04 Impact of group tasks
01 Group task size and individual involvement in the task if affordable the
group will be harmonious .
02 If enough resources are not available as compare to the target then the
Harmony will be at lower level.
05 Impact of group decision making
01 If the decision is taken by superior and involvement of implementation level is
less then the
Group harmony not will not maintain.
02 If during the decision making the implementation level is involved and
participative decision
is taken then the Harmony is maintain.
Advantages of Industrial Harmony-
01 Helps in improving productivity
02 Nurture (maintain) healthy and positive environment in the organization
03 Maintain good interpersonal relation between manager and workers and with
each other in
the organization

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08 Scientist and contribution in HR

01James Watt 1760 steam engine discover ( starting of industrial eras )

01 Prof. George Terry business activity are carried of by SIX M, man , machine
,method , market, money, minute .
03 Fredrick Taylor 1906 book name is Scientific Management and father of Scientific
Management starter of Scientific eras.

04 Henry feyol 1916 further development of Scientific Management and hence known as
Father of modern management .

05 Dr Alton Mayo 1924-32 Hawthorne experiment at Western electrical company on

morale and productivity. Proved that productivity of the organization is depend on the
morale of the employee.Starter of Behavioral eras.

06 John New Strom and Keith Dayis - Write the book on behaviour Organizational
Behaviour and derived the mathematical expression

Competence = knowledge * skill

Motivation = Attitude * willingness
Potential Human performance = Competence* Motivation
Organizational productivity = Resources * Potential Human performance

06Abraham Maslow 1940 Proposed the theory of need. Named Hierarchy of need

07Fredrick Hertzberberugh Two factor Motivational theory

08 Douglas McGregor 1957 has developed X and Y theory of behaviour in his book
Human side of enterprises.
08 James March /Herbert Simon – Organization published in 1958
09 Lorenz Appley –Defination of leadership

For your personality development (Not for examination)

Recruitment function of HR. to advertise by news paper, internet, employment news

and collect maximum CV from market ,means you have to updated with market
regarding vacancies in market . All local, national, international news paper. And
website.

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Selection of suitable engineer - Selection process is generally base of following criteria

of quality hence the student should acquired following quality during college life
Education qualifications – Year of diploma completion (should not be more than 3
year) and division in which passed
Positive thinking
Loyal
Knowledge
Skill
Discipline
Healthy personality
Self –start
Self- motivated
Hard-worker /smart-worker
Peaceful/ calm/ patience
Dress code / hair style / shoes polish belt/ colours of dress
Energetic / enthusiasms
Attitude
Willingness to work
Discipline

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