Safe families, clean environment:

moving towards sound management of

chemicals
in Cambodia
Chemicals play an important part in almost all human activity
and are a major contributor to national economies, but when not
properly managed they can put human health, ecosystems, and
national economies at risk.

Background
Chemicals play a key role in many major sectors of Cambodia’s economy including
agriculture, industry, health, and in the home. However, the improper use of chemicals
can threaten human health and the environment. Therefore, the safe management
of chemicals is a high-priority issue for environmental protection, public health and
occupational health and safety.
Cambodia’s steady economic growth over the last decade has increased demand for
chemicals, prompting action to ensure that all stages of the chemicals’ life cycle from
production/import, distribution, usage, and disposal are managed safely to avoid
serious impacts on the environment, human health, and the national economy. If
Cambodia does not address issues related to chemicals management and pollution
caused by chemicals and their residues, further anticipated growth in chemicals use
can seriously hinder Cambodia’s human development efforts, especially towards
achieving the CMDGs .
Cover photo credit: UNDP/Arantxa Cedillo
What is sound management of chemicals?
Sound management of chemicals is about preventing, reducing or minimizing the risk
of people and the environment being exposed to poisonous and harmful chemicals
through chemical use, disposal, or through pollution. This requires strong laws and
regulations covering the use of chemicals, as well as improving technologies in the
production, use, storage, and disposal of chemicals.

How does this relate to the Cambodian Millennium

Development Goals?

MDG 1 Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger: Correct

use of chemicals can lead to increased rice yields for
farmers and help them and their families rise out of
poverty

MDG 4 Reduce Child Mortality and MDG 5 Improve

Maternal Health: Improved access to information and
training on the health-related dangers of improper
handling of chemicals in or around the home can
minimise the health risks of people, particularly
expectant mothers and children

MDG 7 Ensure Environmental Sustainability: Reduced

pollution from improper chemicals management, such
as reducing the amount of harmful toxins released into
Cambodia’s air and water systems, will help protect the
environment
What are
the current challenges in the
sound management of chemicals?

Currently there are no clear guidelines for
safely handling chemicals in any sector,
from their use, e.g. as pesticides, to their
use in the home. The first step in ensuring
all potentially dangerous chemicals
in Cambodia are safely managed is to
define clear rules and regulations to
minimise risk of harm to people and to the
environment. These should be integrated
into the Government’s National Strategic
Development Plan update for 2009-2013
and any other sector-specific strategic
plans.
A detailed study of the main sectors in
which chemicals are currently used –
agriculture, industry and health –
highlighted a number of sector-specific
gaps, plus some cross-cutting challenges:
General
1. Laws and regulations governing chemicals
management are incomplete, with no
clear distinction on which government
agencies are responsible for implementing
them.
2. Many illegal chemicals are on the market
as a result of limited enforcement of,
and training about, existing regulations.
3. Farmers and industrial workers are not
aware or less aware of the risks and
hazards to their health including the
surrounding environment and commu-
nities resulted from improperly using
chemicals in their work.
4. Some private companies do not follow
the required registration procedures,
provide appropriate hazard information
or accurately label chemicals before
distributing them.
5. Sectors that use a lot of chemicals do
not have appropriate waste disposal
processes.
Agriculture
1. Lack of knowledge on how to dispose
chemical waste can result in: higher risk
of exposure of children and family
members; chemical-laden runoff into
streams and lakes, affecting fish stocks
and other aquatic species; and release of
dangerous toxic gases when burning off.
2. A challenge exists in changing farmers’
perceptions on how pesticides are best
used to balance effectiveness and human
and environmental safety.
3. Currently there are no routine procedures
in place for treatment of pesticide
poisoning cases or specialised poison
treatment centres.
4. On paper, regulatory provisions for
registration of chemical suppliers in this
sector are sound, but the high number
of unregistered suppliers suggests that
these regulations are not strongly
enforced. This results in an increase of
illegally imported chemicals, many
of which are banned or restricted in
Cambodia.
Industry
1. Occupational Safety & Health (OSH)
regulations are not in place. Many companies
have not taken the initiative to conduct
basic safety training on harmful chemicals
to their workers.
2. Like the agricultural sector, the policies
and regulations that do exist are often
not enforced as there are currently no
clear guidelines on enforcement, as
well as staff shortages, limited or no
training on regulations, and little
monitoring.
3. The current system for safe chemical
management (particularly treatment of
waste in landfill, incinerators and
laboratories) in the industrial sector is
below standard, resulting in increased
risks of contamination of air, soil and water.
Health
1. Monitoring effectiveness by the National
Waste Management Working Group and
Provincial-Municipal Health Departments
has not yet been assessed.
2. Not enough incinerators are available in
Cambodia to support the appropriate
treatment of pharmaceutical and health
care waste. This leads to unsafe waste
disposal practices such as open burning
and burying of harmful waste, liquid
wastes generating from pharmaceutical
production or laboratories.
3. Limited training on safe handling and
OHS regulations provided to staff who
handlechemicals and medical waste in
the health sector.
4. Insufficient training on how to correctly
use wastewater systems in pharma-
ceutical industry, resulting in untreated
release.
What can be
done to meet these challenges?

To address these diverse challenges, the 4. Strengthen efforts to promote alternative

following policy-level recommendations
have been made by a group of represen-
tatives from relevant line ministries at the
national and subnational level, local non-
government organizations and private
companies. They have been endorsed by
the Inter-agency Coordinating Mechanism,
a taskforce made up of representatives
from key line ministries that drives the
development of policy and regulations
that govern chemicals management:
1. Develop cross-sectoral laws covering the
sound management of chemicals that
clearly designate which government agencies
are responsible for regulation implemen-
tation, monitoring and compliance.
2. Develop a national Waste Management
Programme which provides practical
disposal choices, including engineered
landfills and low emission incinerators;
a ‘cradle to grave’ approach to chemical
waste handling and transport, by promoting
compliance with existing regulations
on waste disposal and land traffic.
3. Increased registration of suppliers and
products and proper labelling of chemical
products.
arming methods (best practices) such as
the System of Rice Intensification (SRI),
Integrated Pest Management (IPM), use
of botanical pesticides and organic
farming, which require smaller chemical
inputs.
5. After the Draft Sub-decree on Classification
and Labelling of Chemicals, 2008 has
been passed through parliament, support
its implementation.
6. Amend existing regulations to make it
mandatory for private companies to
provide hazard information about the
chemicals they use/supply.
7. Raise awareness of chemical suppliers and
users of safe practices through information
campaigns, basic chemical training for
famers on pesticide use and introduction
of OSH regulations for workers in the
industry sector.
8. Strengthen the ability of relevant gov-
ernment agencies to introduce greater
chemical controls, including in the areas
of regulation enforcement, border control
to curb illegal imports, and increased
cooperation between agencies.
How will
policies on sound management
of chemicals benefit Cambodia?
An economic analysis was done to project
the benefit to Cambodia of introducing
more stringent and clearly defined policies
and regulations on the sound management
of chemicals. It found that after 10 years of
implementing the above policy actions 3, 4,
7 and 8, the benefit to Cambodia would be
about US$31 million. Also, an investment of
US$90 million over 10 years (or the cost of
implementing these policy actions) will
have a return rate of 20%, which is very
high when compared to most other public
investments.
Aside from these economic benefits, the
sound management of chemicals will also
contribute to the improved health and
general well being of Cambodians who are
directly and indirectly exposed to chemicals,
and prevent the degradation and pollution
of agricultural lands, lakes, rivers, and the
environment as a whole.
The economic analysis also recommended
the following actions:
Conduct a more detailed study into
pesticide use in Cambodia to provide
more reliable national data for additional
analysis of policy actions;
Work to establish better links between
national NGOs and development partners
such as UNEP, UNDP, FAO, WHO, World
Bank, Danida, KemI, and other specialised
agencies working in the area of chemicals
management;
Review the policy actions outlined, identify
a combination of actions to be taken, and
undertake economic analyses of the policy
actions based on detailed budgets and
refined estimates of external costs;
Develop detailed project documents for
the proposed policy actions with a strong
emphasis on sustainability of intended
outcomes;
Implement projects when funding is in
place, consistently monitor progress and
take stock in 3-5 years to identify any need
for change in approach and scope to
expanding geographical coverage; and
Promote mainstreaming of sound
management of chemicals
regulations in relevant ministries,
and integrate into government
policy, strategy and planning
documents.
How do we
mainstream issues of sound
management of chemicals into
national planning?
Mainstreaming of sound management of
chemicals issues into national planning
What next?
will be most effective if it is integrated into The next development plan of the Royal
existing planning mechanisms, such as Government of Cambodia (National Strategic
National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) Development Plan update 2009-2013) will
and updates, sectoral plans and public continue to include the agriculture, industry
investment programmes. This could be and health sectors. Within these sectors,
done in the following ways: chemical use is increasing, specifically in
agrochemical input to boost farm produc-
Prepare statements for sound manage-
tivity, chemical raw materials for the textile
ment of chemicals mainstreaming in
and garment industry and health care
the NSDPupdate and discuss with
waste management. These areas will need
responsible lineministries, and encourage
to be managed for the benefit of quality
the Ministry of Planning to integrate
and sustainable development.
the text elements inthe NSDP update;
This information was compiled from
Establish Sectoral Working Groups (SWGs)
Project Salient Points: Mainstreaming
to develop sector-specific recommen-
Sound Management of Chemicals into
dations to be included in the NSDP and
National MDG-based Development
sectoral plans;
Planning in Cambodia, published by the
Develop detailed programme/project Ministry of Environment and UNDP in
documents for priority policy actions February 2010. For more information,
with a strong emphasis on identifying contact the Department of Pollution
sustainable improvements to how Control at the Ministry of Environment.
chemicals are currently managed in
Cambodia;
Assess how to engage in the Public
Investment Programme development
process with a view to linking priority
SMC actions with the budgeting
process.
RKYsarmansuvtßiPaB brisßans¥at ³
dMeNIreq<aHeTAkan;karRKb;RKgsarFatu
KImI edaysuvtßiPaB
enAkm<úCa
tamBiteTA sarFatuKImI mantYnaTIy:agsMxan;enAkñúgesÞIrEtRKb;skmµPaBrbs;mnusS nig
cUlrYmcMENky:agsMxan;sMrab;esdækic©Cati pÞúyeTAvij RbsinebIsarFatuTaMgenHminRtUv)an
RKb;RKgedayRtwmRtUveTenaH vaGacbNþal[suxPaBmnusS RbB½n§eGkULÚsIu nigesdækic©
CatiRbQmnwgPaBeRKaHP½ypgEdr.
RbvtþiedIm
sarFatuKImI mantYnaTIy:agsMxan; enAkñúgvís½ycMbg²CaeRcInénesdækic©km<úCa kñúgenaH
rYmmanksikmµ ]sSahkmµ suxPaB nigRKYsar. eTaHCay:agNak¾edaykareRbIR)as;sarFatuKImI
min)anRtwmRtUv GacbgáCakarKMramkMEhgdl;sxu PaBmnusS nigbrisaß n. GaRs½yehtuenH karRKb;
RKgsarFatuKImIedaysuvtßiPaB KWCakic©karEdlmanGaTiPaBx<s;sRmab;karBarbrisßan suxPaB
saFarN³k¾dUcCasuxPaBnigsuvtßiPaBkñúgkarRbkbmuxrbrpgEdr.
kMenInesdækic©CabnþbnÞab;rbs;km<úCa enAkñúgTsvtSr_knøgmkenH )annaM[tRmUvkarsarFatu
KImIekIneLIgCalMdab;pgEdr EdlRbkarenHtMrUv[mancMNat;karcaM)ac; edIm,IFanafa ral;RKb;
dMNak;kal énkarplit karnaMcUl karEckcay kareRbIR)as; nigkarkb;ecalnUvsarFatuKImI
RtUv)anRKb;RKgedaysuvtßiPaB edIm,IbeBa¢ósplb:HBal;F¶n;F¶r eTAelIbrisßan suxPaBmnusS nig
esdækic©Cati. RbsinebIkm<úCaminedaHRsaybBaðananaEdlTak;TgnwgkarRKb;RKgsarFatuKImI
k¾dUcCa karbMBulEdlbNþalmkBIsarFatu nigkaksMNl;KImIeT enaHkareRbIR)as;sarFatuKImI
EdleKrMBwgfanwg ekIneLIgkan;EtxøaMgEfmeTotnaeBlGnaKt GacbgáCa]bsKÁd¾FM raraMgdl;
kic©xitxMRbwgERbgGPivDÆn_mnusSrbs;km<úCa.
etIkarRKb;RKgsarFatuKImIRbkbedaysuvtßiPaB mann½yy:agdUcemþc?
karRKb;RKgsarFatuKImIedaysuvtßiPaB KWCakarTb;sáat; nigkat;bnßyeRKaHfñak;dl;RbCa
Blrdæ nig brisßan EdlkMBugRbQmnigrgplb:HBal;edaysar sarFatuKImIBuld¾eRKaHfñak;
tamry³kareRbIR)as; nig karecalsarFatuKImI b¤tamry³karbMBulkñúgTMrg;epSg²eTot. ehtuenH
caM)ac;RtUvmanc,ab; nig bTbBaØtþitwgrwug sþBIkareRbIR)as;sarFatuKImIk¾dUcCa karEklm¥bec©kvíTüa
enAkñúgkarplit kareRbIR)as; karrkSaTuk nigkarecalsarFatuKImIpgEdr.
etIkarRKb;RKgsarFatuKmI mI anTMnak;TnM gEbbNaCamYynwgeKaledAGPivDÆn_
shsSvtSr_?
eKaledATImYy (MDG 1) lubbM)at;PaBRkIRk nigPaBGt;XøanF¶n;F¶r ³
kareRbIR)as;sarFatuKImI)anRtwmRtUv GacnaM[mankMeNInTinñplRsUv nig
CYyksikr RBmTaMgRKYsarrbs;BYkeKegIbecjBIPaBRkIRk.

eKaledATIbnY (MDG 4) kat;bnßyGRtamrN³PaBkumar nigeKaledATIR)aM

(MDG 5) begáInsuxumalPaBmata ³ begáInlT§PaBTTYl)anB½t’man nig
karbNþúHbNþalGMBIeRKaHfñak;dl;suxPaB EdlbNþalmkBIeRbIR)as;
sarFatuKImImin)anRtwmRtUvenAkñúgnigenACMuvíjpÞH Gackat;bnßyhaniP½y
cMeBaHsuxPaBrbs;RbCaCn CaBiess ®sþImanépÞeBaH nigTarkkñúgépÞ.

eKaledA TIR)aMBrI (MDG 7) FanacIrPaBbrisaß n³ kat;bnßykarbMBlu bNþal

BIkarRKb;RKgsarFatuKImImin)anRtwmRtUv dUcCa karkat;bnßybrimaN
CatiBulRbkbedaymhnþray EdlbeBa©jeTAkñúgGakas nigeTAkñúgTwk
enAkm<úCanwgCYykarBarbrisßan.

Cover Photo credit: UNDP/Arantya Cedillo

etIsBVéf¶enH
manbBaðaRbQmGVxI Hø kñgú karRKb;RKgsarFatuKmI eI daysuvtßPi aB?
sBVéf¶enH km<Cú aBMTu an;maneKalkarN_ENnaM
c,as;las; sRmab;karRKb;RKgsarFatuKImIRbkb
edaysuvtßiPaB enAkñúgvís½yNamYyenAeLIyeT
edayrab;cab;BIkareRbIR)as;sarFatuKImI sMrab;CafñaM
sMlab;stVl¥itcéRg rhUtdl;kareRbIR)as;sarFatu
KImeI nAtampÞH. CMhandMbgU edIm,IFanafasarFatuKmI I
TaMgGs;EdlGacbgákareRKaHfñak;RtUv)anRKb;RKg
edaysuvtßiPaB enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa KWRtUvkMNt;
bTbBa¢a nigbTbBaØtþieGay)anc,as;las; edIm,I
kat;bnßykMrit nig TMhMeRKaHfñak;cMeBaHRbCaBlrdæ
nigbrisßan. bTbBaØtþiTaMgenH KYrEtbBa©ÚleTAkñúg
EpnkaryuT§saRsþGPivDÆn_Catirbs;rdæaPi)alkm<úCa
sRmab;qñaM 2009-2013 nigEpnkaryuT§saRsþ
tamvís½ynanapgEdr.
karsikSad¾lMGitmYy sþIGMBIvís½sMxan;²Edl
mankareRbIR)as;sarFatuKImI eBalKW vis½yksikmµ
]sSahkmµ nig suxPaB)anKUsbBa¢ak;BIkgVHxat
nigbBaðaRbQmenAkñúgvís½ymYycMnYnEdlmanTMnak;
TMngKñaeTAvijeTAmk ³
TidæPaBTUeTA
1> c,ab; nigbTbBaØtþinana EdlEcgGMBIkar
RKb;RKgsarFatuKmI I min)anEcgeBjeljeLIy
eBalKW c,ab; nigbTbBaØtTiþ aMgenaH min)ankMNt;
eGay)anc,as;las; faetIsaß b½nNaxøHenAkñgú
rdæaPi)al EdlmanPar³TTYlxusRtUvBRgwgkar
Gnuvtþc,ab; nigbTbBaØtþiTaMgenaH.
2> sarFatuKImICaeRcIn manvtþmanenAelITIpSar
edayxusc,ab; edaysarEtkarBRgwgkarGnuvtþ
c,ab; nig karbNþúHbNþalGMBIbTbBaØtþinana
EdlmanRsab;enAmankRmit.
3> ksikr nig kmµkrEdleFVIkarenAkñúgvís½y
]sSahkmµ min)anyl;dwg b¤yl;dwgtictYc
GMBIhaniP½y nigeRKaHfñak;dl;suxPaB brisßan
CuvM ji nigshKmn_ EdlbNþalmkBIkareRbIR)as;
sarFatuKImI min)anRtwmRtUvkñúgeBlbMeBj
kargarrbs;xøÜneLIy.
4> Rkumh‘unÉkCnxøH min)aneKarBtamnItiviFIcuH
bBa¢I nigmin)anpþl;B½t’man[)ansmRsbGMBI
eRKaHfñak; b¤ dak; b¤bTi søaksBaØa[)anRtwmRtUv
elIsarFatuKImImunnwgEckcaysarFatuKImI
TaMgenaH.
5> vís½ynana EdleRbIR)as;sarFatuKImIy:ageRcIn
sn§wksn§ab;BMumanviFI b¤dMeNIrkarTuksmRsb
sMrab;Tukdak;kaksMNl;KImIeLIy.
ksikmµ
1> kgVHcMeNHdwgkñúgkarTukdak;sMNl;KImI Gac
bNþal[mankMrit nigTMhMeRKaHfñak;kan;Et
F¶n;F¶rcMeBaHkumar nigsmaCíkRKYsarEdlTTYl
rgplb:HBal;BIsarFatuKImITwkkxVk;edaysar
vtþmansarFatuKImI nigkarbgðÚrkaksMNl;KImI
cUleTAkñúgsÞwg nigbwgbYrnanaEdlGacbgáCa
plb:HBal;dl;FnFanRtI nigRbePTmcäaCati
epSg² karbeBa©j]sµ½nBuledaykardut
kaksMNl;eTAkñgú lMhGakask¾manplb:HBal;
xøaMgpgEdr.
2> ksikrBMumankaryl;dwgRtwmRtUvnigc,as;las;
GMBIrebobeRbIR)as;fñaM b¤CIKImIksikmµ edIm,IFana
eGay)anTaMgRbsiT§iPaBCI nigsuvtßiPaBsMrab;
mnusSnigbrisßaneLIy.
3> bc©bú ,nñ km<Cú aBMmu annItvi Fi CI ak;lak; b¤mCÄmNÐl
ÉkeTs sRmab;Büa)alkrNIBulfñaMb¤CIKImI
ksikmµenaHeT.
4> lkçx½NÐsþIBIkarcuHbBa¢IRkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;sarFatu suxPaB
KImI enAkñúgvís½yenH manrYceRsceTAehIyenA 1> enAkñgú RbeTskm<Cú a BMTu an;manLdutkaksMNl;
kñúgc,ab; b:uEnþCak;EsþgmanRkumh‘unCaeRcIn
Edlmin)ancuHbBa¢I. RbkarenHbgðajeGay
eKeXIjfa BMumankarBRgwgkarGnuvtþbTbBaØtþi
TaMgenHeT. ehtuenHehIyeTIbmankMeNInkar
naMclU sarFatuKmI eI dayelµsI c,ab;ehIyPaKeRcIn
énsarFatuKImITaMgenaHCaRbePTTMnijhamXat;
b¤ sßiteRkamkarkMhitenAkm<úCa.
]sSahkmµ
1> dUckñúgvís½yksikmµEdr eKalneya)ay nig
bTbBaØtþinana EdlmanRsab;minRtUv)anGnuvtþ
eLIy edaysarsBVéf¶enH BMumaneKalkarN_
ENnaMc,as;las; sRmab;karGnuvtþbTbBaØtþi
TaMgenaH k¾dcU CaBMmu anbuKlÁ ki RKb;RKan; b¤bKu lÁ ki 3> karbNþúHbNþalGMBIrebobeRbIR)as;RbB½n§ecal
min)anTTYlkarbNþúHbNþal b¤)anTTYlkar
bNþúHbNþaltictYccMENkviFanRtYtBinitük¾
minmaneRcInEdr.
2> bTbBaØtþi sþIBIsuvtßiPaB nigsuxPaBkñúgmuxrbr
(OSH) BMuRtUv)andak;[GnuvtþenAeLIyeT.
Rkumh‘unCaeRcIn BMuTan;)anpþÜcepþÍmerobcMkar 4> RbsiT§iPaBénkartamdan nigRtÜtBinitüEdleFVI
bNþúHbNþalsuvtßiPaBCamUldæanGMBIsarFatu
KImI eRKaHfñak;dl;buKÁlikrbs;xøÜnenAeLIyeT.
3> RbB½n§suvtßiPaBRKb;RKgsarFatuKImI Edlman
sBVéf¶enH ¬CaBiess kareFVIRbRBwtþkmµbnSab
CatiBulenAkñúgkaksMNl;enAtamTIlancak;
sRmamb¤reNþAdutkaksMNl;nigmnÞrI BiesaFn_¦
enAkñúgvís½y]sSahkmµ enAmankRmitTabCag
kMritsþg;dar CaehtunaM[mankMeNInhaniP½y
edaysarkgVk;xül; dI nigTwk.
RKb;RKan;enAeLIyeT dUecñHvaminGacKaMRTdl;
karbM paø jecalkaksMNl;B»I sf nigBIRKwHsßan
EfTaMsuxPaB)aneLIy. enHCaehtunaM[man
Tmøab;ecalsMNl; edayKµansuvtßiPaB dUcCa
kardutsMram b¤kaksMNl;epSg²enAtam
TIsaFarN³nigkarkb;sN M l;EdlbgáeRKaHfñak;.
2> karbNþúHbNþalBIkarb:HBal; cab;kan; nig
eRbIR)as;sarFatuKmI eI daysuvtßPi aB nigbTbBaØtiþ
sþIBIsuvtßiPaB nig suxPaBkñúgkarRbkbmuxrbr
dl;bKu lÁ ki EdleFVkI aredaypÞal;CamYysarFatu
KImI b¤EdlTukdak;kaksMNl;KImI nigsMNl;
evC¢saRsþenAkñúgvís½ysuxaPi)alenAmankMrit
tictYcbMput.
kaksMNl;ravenAkñúg]sSahkmµ»sfmin)an
RKb;RKan;enAeLIyeT EdlCaehtunaM[man
karbeBa©jecalnUvkaksMNl;rav edaymin
)anbnSúT§ b¤sMGatCamun.
eLIgedayRkumkargarCatiRKb;RKgsMNl; nig
mnÞIrsuxaPi)alextþ-Rkugnana BuMTan;RtUv)an
eKvaytMélenAeLIyeT.
etImandMeNaHRsayGVxI Hø
sMrab;edaHRsaybBaðaRbQmTaMgenaH?
edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaRbQmepSg² tMNag
mkBIRksYg mnÞIr kariyal½y b¤sßab½nBak;B½n§ nig
GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)alenAtammUldæan nigtam
Rkumh‘unÉkCnnana)anesñIbBa©ÚlGnusasn_eTAkñúg
eKalneya)ayCati dUcxageRkamenH. Gnusasn_
TaMgenH)anTTYlkarKaMRT edayRkumkargarynþkar
sRmbsRmYlGnþrsßab½n mansmasPaBCatMNag
CaeRcInmkBIRksYgBak;B½n§EdldwknaMkarerobcM
tak;EtgeKalneya)ay nigbTbBaØtþinanasþIBIkar
RKb;RKgsarFatuKImI.
1> tak;Etgc,ab;EdlRKbdNþb;elIRKb;EpñkRKb;
vís½yedayEcgGMBIkarRKb;RKgsarFatuKImI
edaysuvtßPi aB EdlkMNt;eGay)anc,as;las;
sþIBIsßab½nrdæaPi)alEdlmanPar³TTYlxusRtUv
elIkarGnuvtþbTbBaØtþi kartamdan nigBRgwg
karGnuvtþbTbBaØtþiepSg².
2> begáItkmµvíFICatiRKb;RKgsMNl; Edlpþl;nUv
CeRmIsgay²sMrab;ecalsMram b¤kaksMNl;
epSg² rYmmanTIlanecalsRmamEdlRtUv
erobcMeLIgRtwmRtUvtambec©keTsvísVkmµ nig
LdutkaksMNl;EdlbeBa©j]sµn½ Bultic viFan
EdlKitKUrtaMgBI {edImTI rhUtdl;cugbBa©b;}
sMrab;cat;Ecg nig dwkCBa¢ÚnsMNl;KImIeday
elIkkMBs;[mankareKarBtambTbBaØtþinana
sþIBIkarecalsMNl; nigcracrenAtampøÚveKak
EdlmansBVéf¶Rsab;.
3> begáInkarcuHbBa¢IRkumh‘unpÁtpÁg; nigplitpl
nana nigkardak;søakeQµaH[)anRtwmRtUvelI
plitplKImI
4> BRgwgkic©RbwgERbgedIm,IelIkkMBs;víFIpøas;bþÚr
Tmøab;eFVkI sikmµepSg²¬pøas;brÚþ bTBiesaFn_l²¥ ¦
dUcCa RbB½n§RbBlvb,kmµdMNaMRsUv (SRI)
¬karbegáInpldMNaMtamry³viFIsaRsþepSg²¦
víFankarcRmuHkarBardMNaM (IPM) kareRbIR)as;
fñaEM dlplitecjBIrku Cç atisRmab;kcM at;stVcéRg
nigksikmµsrIragÁ EdlRtUvkarsarFatuKImI
kñúgbrimaNtictYc.
5> GnuRkwtüsþIBIkarcat;fñak; nigkardak;søakelI
sarFatuKImI eRkayeBlGnum½tedayrdæsPa
qñaM 2008 GacKaMRTdl;karGnuvtþvFí ankarenH.
6> eFVvI eí saFnkmµbTbBaØtEiþ dlmanRsab;nana edIm,I
tRmUv[Rkumh‘unÉkCnpþl;B½t’manGMBIeRKaH
fñak;bNþalBIsarFatuuKImIEdlRkumh‘unTaMgenaH
eRbIR)as;¼pÁt;pÁg;.
7> begáInkaryl;dwgkñúgcMeNamRkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;
nigGñkeRbIR)as;sarFatuKImI GMBITmøab;Edlman
suvtßiPaB tamry³yuT§nakarpþl;B½t’mankar
bNþúHbNþaldl;ksikrGMBIrebobeRbIR)as;fñaM
KImIksikmµ nigkardak;[GnuvtþbTbBaØtþinana
sþIBIsuvtßiPaB nigsuxPaBkñúgmuxrbrsRmab;
kmµkrenAkñúgvís½y]sSahkmµ.
8> BRgwgsmtßPaBrbs;sßab½nBak;B½n§enAkñúgrdæa
Pi)al edIm,Idak;[GnuvtþvíFankarRtYtBinitü
sarFatuKImIkan;Ethµt;ct;EfmeTot EdlrYm
TaMgenAkñúgEpñkGnuvtþbTbBaØtþi karRtYtBinitü
enAtamRckRBMEdn edIm,IlubbM)at;karnaMcUl
edayelµIsc,ab; nigbegáInkic©shRbtibtþikar
rvagTIPñak;garnanapgEdr.
etIeKalneya)ayRKb;RKg
sarFatuKmI eI daysuvtßPi aBpþlR; beyaCn_GxIV Hø dl;km<Cú a?
karvíPaKesdækic©mYyRtUv)aneFVIeLIg edIm,I
eFVIniTsSn_GMBIplRbeyaCn_sRmab;km<úCa tamry³
kardak;[Gnuvtþ kan;Ettwgrwugnigc,as;las;nUv
eKalneya)ay nigbTbBaØtþinanasþIBIkarRKb;RKg
sarFatuKImIedaysuvtßiPaB. karvíPaKenH bgðajfa
eRkayry³eBl 10qñaM énkarGnuvtþskmµPaBnana
eRkameKalneya)ay Rtg; cMNuc 3/ 4/ 7 nig
8 dUcEdl)anelIkesñIxagelIenH km<úCanwgGac
TTYlplcMeNjRbmaN 31 landuløaGaemrik.
karvínieyaKcMnYn 90 landuløa kñúgry³eBl 10 qñaM
¬b¤ éføcNM ayelIkarGnuvtþcN M at;karéneKalneya)ay
TaMgenH¦ nwgpþl;nUvplcMNUlmkvíj kñúgGRta
RbmaN 20° KWCaGRtaEdlmankRmitx<s;Rbsin
ebIeRbobeFob nwgkarvínieyaKdéTeTotelIvís½y
saFarN³.
eRkABIplcMeNjEpñkesdækic© karRKb;RKg
sarFatuKImIedaysuvtßiPaB k¾nwgrYmcMENkpgEdrkñúg
karEklm¥suxPaB nigsuxumalPaBrbs;RbCaBlrdæ
km<úCaTUeTA EdlCaGñkrg\T§iBledaypÞal; nig
edayRbeyalBIsarFatuKImI nigTb;sáat;karercrwl
nigkarbMBuldIksikmµ bwgbYr Tenø nigbrisßanTaMgmUl
pgEdr.
karvíPaKesdækci ©enHk¾)anelIkesñGI nusasn_
sRmab;cMNat;karnanadUcxageRkamenHpgEdr ³
eFVkI arsikSaRsavRCavlMGti mYyGMBkI areRbIR)as;
fñaMKImIksikmµenAkm<úCa edIm,Ipþl;Tinñn½yCati
Edlkan;EtGacTukcitþ)anCagmun sRmab;
víPaKbEnßmGMBICeRmIseKalneya)aynana.
begáItynþkarTak;Tg[kan;EtRbesIreLIgrvag
GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)alCati nigédKUGPivDÆn_
dUcCa UNEP, UNDP, FAO, WHO, FnaKar
BiPBelak danIda/ KemI/ nigTIPñak;garÉkeTs
nanaEdleFVkI arenAkñgú vísy½ RKb;RKgsarFatuKmI .I
BinitüEksRmYleLIgvíjnUvcMNat;karxageKal
neya)ayEdl)anEcgrYcmkehIykMNt;cN M at;
karnana EdlRtUvGnuvtþ nigeFVIkarvíPaKesdækic©
elIcMNat;karxageKalneya)ayTaMgenaH
edayEp¥kelIfvika lMGit nigkar):an;RbmaN
karxatbg;epSg² eGay)anCak;lak;.
erobcMÉksarKeRmaglMGit sRmab;sMeNIvíFan
karxageKalneya)ay edayykcitþTukdak;
CaBiess elInirnþrPaBénsmiT§plEdlrMBwg
cg;)an.
GnuvtþKeRmagnanaEdlmanmUlniFiKaMRTeFVIkar
RtYtBinitütamdanCab;CaRbcaMGMBIkarrIkceRmIn
énKeRmag ehIyTuukcenøaHeBl 3 eTA 5 qñaM
edIm,IrkeGayeXIjnUvGVIEdlCatRmUvkarcaM)ac;
sMrab;EklMGeKalkarN_ nigTMhMsRmab;BRgIk
vísalPaBtMbn;PUmisaRsþ EdlRtUvGnuvtþviFan
karTaMgenaH.
CRmuj[mankarbRBa¢abbTbBaØtþisþIBIkar
RKb;RKgsarFatuKImIedaysuvtßiPaBeTA
kñúgRksYgBak;B½n§ nigeFVIsmahrNkmµ
eKalneya)ay yuTs§ aRsþ nigEpnkarnana
rbs;rdæaPi)al.
etIeyIgGacbRBa¢abkick© ar
RKb;RKgsarFatuKmI eI daysuvtßPi aBeTAkñgú EpnkarCati edayrebobNa?
karbRBa¢abkic©karRKb;RKgsarFatuKImI
edaysuvtßiPaBeTAkñúgEpnkarCati Gacnwgman
RbsiT§iPaBbMput RbsinebIvaRtUv)aneFVIsmahrNkmµ
bBa©ÚleTAkñúgynþkarénkarksagEpnkarEdlman
Rsab; dUcCa EpnkaryuTs§ aRsþGPivDÆn_Cati (NSDP)
¬kMENERbfµI¦ Epnkartamvís½y nigkmµvíFIvínieyaK
saFarN³. karbRBa¢abEbbenHGaceFVeI TA)an tamvíFI
dUcxageRkamenH ³
eroberogesckþIEføgkarN_sRmab;karbRBa¢ab
kic©karRKb;RKgsarFatuKImIedaysuvtßiPaBeTA
kñúgEpnkar NSDP ¬kMENERbfµI¦ nigBiPakSa
CamYyRksYgEdlmanPar³TTYlxusRtUvnananig
elIkTwkcitdþ l;RksYgEpnkar[eFVsI mahrNkmµ
GtßbTnanaEdlBak;B½n§eTAkñúgEpnkar NSDP
¬kMENERbfµI¦.
begáItRkumkargartamvís½y (SWGs) edIm,I
elIkGnusasn_tamvís½yCak;Esþg edIm,Idak;
bBa©lÚ eTAkñgú NSDP nigEpnkarénvísy½ nImyY ².
erobcMÉksarKeRmag ÉksarkmµviFI eGay)an
lMGit sRmab;GnuvtþvíFankareKalneya)ay
CaGaTiPaB edayykcitþTukdak;xøaMgelIkar
kMNt;víFankarnana edIm,IkMENlm¥rebobRKb;
RKgsarFatuKImI dUcmansBVéf¶enHenAkñúg
RbeTskm<úCa[mannirnþrPaB.
vaytémøGMBIrebobcUlrYmenAkñúgdMeNIrkar
ksagkmµvFí vI ní ei yaKsaFarN³kñgú n½ypSarP¢ab;
skmµPaB GaTiPaBenAeRkam SMC CamYy
dMeNIrkarkMNt;fvíka.
CMhanbnÞab;
EpnkarGPivDÆn_kñúgCMhanbnÞab;rbs;raCrdæa
Pi)alkm<úCa ¬EpnkaryuT§saRsþGPivDÆn_Cati -
kMENERbfµI qñaM 2009-2013¦ nwgbnþepþatelIvsí y½
ksikmµ ]sSahkmµ nigvísy½ suxPaB. enAkñgú vísy½
TaMgenH kareRbIR)as;sarFatuKImIkMBugekIneLIgCa
lMdab; CaBiess kareRbIR)as;fñaMb¤CIKImIksikmµnwg
RtUvekIneLIg edIm,IbegáInplitPaBksikmµ sarFatu
KImICavtßúFatuedIm sRmab;]sSahkmµvaynP½NÐ nig
vís½ykat;edr nigkarRKb;RKgsMNl;BIRKwHsßanEfTaM
suxPaB. RbkarcaM)ac; KWRtUvRKb;RKgvís½yTaMgenH
edIm,Ipþl;RbeyaCn_ dl;karGPivDÆRbkbeday
KuNPaBnigmancIrPaB.
B½t’manenH RtUv)andkRsg;ecjBIcMNuc
sMxan;énKeRmag {bRBa¢abbBaðaRKb;RKgsarFatuKImI
edaysuvtßPi aB eTAkñgú karksagEpnkarGPivDÆn_Cati
enAkm<Cú aedayEp¥kelIeKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_}
nigEdlecjpSayedayRksYgbrisßan nigkmµviFI
GPivDÆGgÁkarshRbCaCati ¬UNDP¦enAkñgú Ex kum³Ö
qñaM 2010. cMeBaHB½t’manbEnßm sUmTak;Tgmk
naykdæanRtYtBinitükarbMBulénRksYgbrisßan.