BUKU PETUNJUK PRAKTIS

“DSF REMEDIAL CEMENTING”

Heavy Oil Wellwork

2005
Daftar Isi Buku:
• Daftar Isi ………………………………………... 1
• Cementing Job Ground Rules…………………… 2
• Cementing Decision Flow Process ……………... 3
• CBL Guideline ………………………………….. 4
• Cara Membaca VDL ……………………………. 5
• Cara QC CBL …………………………………. 6
• CAST-V / USIT Guideline …………………….. 7
• Menentukan Squeeze Interval ………………….. 9
• Menetukan Slurry Design ……………………… 10
• Menentukan Jumlah saxs Cement …………… 11
• Contoh Cara Menentukan Slurry Design dan
Jumlah Cement ……………………………….12
• Cementing Technique …………………………. 13
• Contoh Pumping Chart ……………………...… 14
• Procedure Persiapan Sebelum Squeeze job …… 15
• Bullhead Cementing Procedure ………………. 16
• Contoh Perhitungan Bullhead Cementing …… 18
• Equalize Cementing Procedure ……………….. 19
• Contoh Perhitungan Equalize Cementing ……. 22
• Contoh Cementing Report ……………………. 23
• Contoh Cementing Score Card……………..…. 24
• 2005 HOWW Cementing Team...…………..…. 25

Compiled by Iwan Wijanarko 2005 1

Cementing Job Ground Rules

• WW Reps mempunyai accountability terhadap

Cementing Jobs
• Cementing Focus Team akan membantu WW Reps
untuk menentukan squeeze interval, slurry design,
placement technique, perhitungan and onsite support
jika diperlukan
• WW Reps and Cementer harus mempunyai Design
dan Perhitungan Cementing yang sama dan benar
• WW Reps harus witness Cementing job (Injectivity
test, Pumping water head, Pumping Cement Slurry,
Water displacement and Hesitation)
• WW Reps mengisi form Cementing Score Card
dan menyerahkan ke Cementing Team
• Cementing team akan mengumpulkan dan
mengevaluasi Cementing Score Card untuk
meningkatkan kualitas cementing Job

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 Squeeze Cementing Decision Flow Process

WWReps Cementing Team Serco reps TL Operation RMT/PMT

Pre-job meeting

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Discuss the plan forward

Planning
Evaluate and Re -design Y Re-
squeeze?

N
Squeeze Job I Next Squeeze job(s )

N N
Success? Success?

Execution
Y Y

Continue next program Continue next program •Other alternatives

•Continue next program
•Pack well off

3
Tabel CBL Guideline
†
Class "H" cement POZ Mix ‡
Compressive Compressive
Csg. Csg. Strength Strength
Interval
Size Wt. TT Expected 3000 psi 1500 psi
req'd for
Transit Isolation
Time Good Good (ft)
(in) (ppf) ( µ sec) Free Pipe 100% Bond 100% Bond
Amplitude Cement Cut Off cement Cut Off
mV (mv) (60%) (mv) (60%)
3 - 1/2 9.3 239 92 N/A < 1.0 N/A N/A 5
4 - 1/2 9.5 254 81 0.2 2.3 N/A N/A 5
11.6 0.6 4.6
13.5 1.0 7.0
5 15.0 239 77 0.9 5.7 2.3 10.1 5
18.0 236 2.4 10.4 4.6 16.5
21.0 234 3.8 14.7 7.3 21.0
5 1/2 15.5 248 71 0.7 4.7 1.6 8.2 7.5
17.0 247 1.0 6.1 2.4 10.3
20.0 245 2.2 9.4 4.1 14.9
23.0 243 3.4 13.2 6.1 18.5
7 23.0 272 61 1.0 5.6 2.4 9.3 10
26.0 270 1.8 7.8 3.4 12.1
29.0 269 2.5 9.4 4.5 14.6
32.0 267 3.3 11.8 6.1 17.1
35.0 266 3.9 13.1 6.9 18.1
38.0 264 4.9 15.2 9.0 20.7
40.0 263 6.1 17.1 10.2 22.4
9 5/8 40.0 313 52 1.7 6.7 3.2 10.6 15
43.5 312 2.5 8.7 4.1 12.6
47.0 311 2.7 9.1 4.7 13.7
53.5 308 3.7 11.8 6.6 16.4
10 3/4 40.5 334 50 1.1 5.0 2.4 8.4 18
45.5 333 1.7 6.5 3.2 9.7
48.0 331 2.3 8.0 3.8 11.2
51.0 330 2.5 8.5 4.2 12.0
54.0 329 2.6 8 .9 4.6 12.8
55.0 329 2.8 9.2 4.9 13.4

Used for Old Used for New

Cement Cement < 24 hrs
†
Bond Cut Off for Class ‘H’ Cement must be used as the Bond Cut Off guidel ine for
Old Wells and Wells where the cement has been in place more than 24 hours (for
Primary or Remedial Cementing, the Compressive Strength is estimated to have
reached 3000 psi).
‡
Bond Cut Off for POZ Mix Cement can be used only as the guideline for w ells where
the cement has been in place for less than 24 hours (after Primary or Remedial
Cementing, Compressive Strength is estimated to have reached only 1500 psi).

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Cara membaca VDL
Cement Bond yang bagus selain dari Amplitude, juga
ditentukan dari bacaan VDL.
VDL digunakan untuk menentukan apakah ada cement
bond dari casing ke cement dan cement ke formasi.
• Casing to Cement Bond:
èBacaan VDL di sebelah kiri agak kabur (Putih
untuk HLS log dan abu-abu untuk Schlumberger log)
• Cement to Formation Bond:
èBacaan VDL di sebelah kanan tidak lurus,
biasanya mengikuti pola Gamma Ray.

Gamma Ray Amplitude (mV) VDL

Bad Bonding

Good Bonding

Good Bond
Amplitude: Lihat tabel di Casing-Cement:
atas untuk menentukan
Kabur/ Putih
cut off good bonding

Good Bond Cement-Formation:

Polanya tidak Lurus mengikuti pola
Gamma Ray

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Bagaimana QC CBL?
• Pastikan CBL tersebut ON-DEPTH dengan meng-
korelasikan pada Mark Log / CBL sebelumnya
• Pastikan bacaan Free Pipe Amplitude sesuai
dengan Estimate Free Pipe Amplitude (Lihat Tabel)
• Pastikan bacaan Transit Time sesuai dengan
Estimate Transit Time (Lihat Tabel)
• Bacaan Amplitude harus sama antara Main Log
dengan Repeat Section

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CAST-V / USIT
Cast-V atau USIT adalah ultrasonic log yang bisa
menggambarkan acoustic impedance Z (~ compressive
strength) material yang ada di belakang casing dan
ditampilkan dalam 360 degree image sehingga bisa
diketahui jika ada chanelling di belakang casing.
Ultrasonic log ini di run jika hasil CBL tidak memenuhi
cut-off good bonding yang kemungkinan disebabkan
karena adanya Micro Annulus.

CAST-V-Halliburton
Skala Z plot berdasarkan warna:
• 1st block (red): 0 to 0.34 MRayls (indication of gas)
• 2nd block (light blue): 0.34 to 1.03 MRayls (indication of
fresh water)
• 3rd block (medium blue): 1.03 to 2.06 MRayls (indication
of water and/or drilling mud)
• 4th block (light yellow): 2.06 to 2.41 MRayls (indication of
foamed cement, contaminated cement or heavy mud)
• 5th block (light brown): 2.41 to 3.44 MRayls (indication of
cement, depends on density and compressive strength
developed)
• 6th block (dark brown): 3.44 to 4.47 MRayls (indication
of cement, depends on density and compressive strength
developed)
• 7th block (black): 4.47 to 5.50 MRayls or higher
(indication of high strength cement)

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USIT-Schlumberger
Skala Z plot berdasarkan warna:

Material Z (Mrayls)
Gas (red) < 0.30
Liquid (blue) 0.3 – 2.6
Cement (brown to black) >2.6

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Bagaimana Menentukan Squeeze Interval?

• Tentukan Zone Interest berdasarkan Program

– 240 to Surface
– Rindu to 240
– Rindu to Surface
– PK zone to Rindu
• Tentukan Posisi Masing-masing Top dan Bottom
Sand 240, Rindu dan Pertama
• Tentukan Posisi Shale yang menjadi target squeeze
• Bandingkan dengan posisi Bad Bonding hasil CBL.
• Interval Squeeze paling ideal adalah pada Bad
Bonding di daerah Shale dan berjarak minimum
10ft dari interval sand

A
Top 240

240 Sand Btm 240 =Focus area of Squeeze Interval

B •240 to Surface = A
Top Rindu •Rindu to 240 = B
Rindu Sand •Pertama- Rindu = C
•Rindu to Surface = A & B
Btm Rindu •Pertama to Surface= A & B & C
C
Top Pertama

Pertama Sand

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Menentukan Slurry Design
Dasar menentukan Cement Slurry Design:
1. Circulating Temperature
2. Injectivity Pressure

Standard Cement Slurry Design yang bisa dipilih:

• Slurry working temperature
o 90 F
o 105 F
o 125 F

• Cement Slurry Type

o Lead Cement Slurry
o Tail Cement Slurry

Pemilihan Cement Slurry Design berdasarkan Injectivity:

Type Injectivity Pressure Slurry Design

(@0.6 bpm)
Loose Injection Profile <50 Psi Lead slurry atau
Lead + sedikit Tail Slurry
Moderate Injection Profile 50 -200 Psi Lead + Tail Slurry
Tight Injection Profile >200 Psi Tail Slurry

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Menentukan Jumlah saxs cement:

Jumlah cement yang akan digunakan berdasarkan

panjang squeeze interval dan injectivity pressure.
Berdasarkan job-job sebelumnya yang hasilnya bagus,
table berikut ini dapat digunakan sebagai referensi untuk
menentukan jumlah cement berdasarkan injectivity-nya:
Tabel Cara menentukan Jumlah Cement yang dibutuhkan
Injectivity Pressure (Psi) Min Cement (sxs) Max Cement (sxs)
0-50 200 300
50-100 150 200
100-150 125 150
150-200 100 125
200-250 75 100
>250 50 75

Note:
Guideline diatas untuk pekerjaan squeeze IB dan Squeeze
casing leak. Sedangkan untuk perkerjaan Squeeze off
interval yang intervalnya panjang, jumlah cementnya
dilebihkan.

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Contoh Cara Menentukan Slurry Design dan Jumlah
Cement

1. Pekerjaan squeeze IB
Hasil Injectivity: 125 Psi @ 0.6 bpm
Circulating temperature: 95 deg F
Maka:
• Jumlah cement: 125-150 sxs (lihat tabel di atas)
• Design Slurry
o Temperatur design: 90 F (standard)
o Jenis Slurry : 50% Lead + 50% Tail

2. Pekerjaan squeeze off interval (panjang interval 20’)

Hasil Injectivity: 40 Psi @ 0.6 bpm
Circulating temperature: 110 deg F
Maka:
• Design Slurry
o Temperatur design: 105 F (standard)
o Jenis Slurry : 75% Lead + 25% Tail
• Jumlah cement: 250 sxs (lihat tabel di atas)
Untuk interval yang lebih panjang, sebaiknya jumlah
cement ditambah.

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CEMENTING TECHNIQUE

Remedial Technique di Duri ada 2 macam:

• Bullhead Technique (tubing di atas)
è Paling sering di pakai untuk kondisi normal
• Equalize Technique (tubing dibawah)
Diaplikasikan untuk kondisi:
o Well sand problem yang berpotensi menutup
squeeze interval dan menghalangi cement
o Jika ada beberapa squeeze interval yang letaknya
berjauhan dan akan di squeeze sekaligus
o Untuk squeeze / shut off interval yang kondisi
wellnya Loss Circulation atau Low pressure

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Contoh Pumping Chart

Pumping Cement Slurry – Water Displacement

Pressure
D
A

B
C C-D: Water
Displacement
A-C: Pumping cement slurry
A-B: Pressure turun karena air di wellbore digantikan
cement yang densitynya lebih besar
B-C: Pressure kembali naik karena cement slurry
mulai masuk formasi (blocking effect)
Time

Hesitation

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PROCEDURE

Procedure Persiapan Sebelum Squeeze job

1. Pressure test Casing sampai400 psiuntuk wellbaru
atau 200 Psi untuk well lama. Pressure test BOP
untuk memastikan BOP dalam keadaan bagus
2. Diusahakan well bore dalam kondisi full dengan 2%
KCl water.
3. Buka annulus valve antara surface casing dan
production casing
Gali sekeliling WH untuk memastikan FM seal tidak bocor
4. Pasang pressure gauge 0 - 1000 psi pada BOP
connection valve.
5. Run CBL, record max. temperature, perforate squeeze
interval. Lakukan injectivity test menggunakan rig
pump. (Lihat procedur menentukan squeeze interval).
6. Set OE tubing +/- 10 feet dibawah squeeze interval.
7. Rig up cementing unit & pressure test surface line,
manifold sampai dengan 2000 psi sebelum mulai job.
8. Reverse out, ambil BHCT dan lakukan injectivity test
w/0.6 BPM, dengan 2 % KCl water.
9. Lakukan pre-job meeting untuk membicarakan
kondisi downhole (tight, moderate, or loose injection
type), volume cement slurry yang akan di pompa,
minimum pumping rate dari cement slurry, maximum
pressure, pumping procedure, dan menentukan
langkah-langkah yang harus diambil jika terjadi
sesuatu.
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Bullhead Procedure

1. Raise-up OE tubing ke 70 feet di bawah rotary table

atau seperlunya.
2. Buka BOP dan tutup annulus, fill up well dengan 2%
KCl water, tutup BOP.
3. Pompa 2% KCl water sebelum mixing cement slurry.
4. Mix dan pompa cement slurry berdasarkan injectivity
test
5. Displace lewat tubing dan annulus dengan 0.6 bpm
water secara bergantian.
6. Hesitate lewat tubing dengan 0.2-0.3 bpm water untuk
mendapatkan maximum pressure ~ 300 Psi. Estimate
top cement slurry 50 ft dari top squeeze interval. Tutup
OE tubing valve.
7. Hold pressure & WOC minimum 4 jam, RDMO
cementing unit.

Langkah Perhitungan:
1. Tentukan est TOC ~ 50 ft diatas top perforasi
2. Hitung Vol line dan Vol OE tubing
3. Tentukan perkiraan Hesitate Volume ~ 3 bbls
4. Tentukan Total Displacement
=Vol Line + Vol OE tubing + Vol (est TOC – OE tbg) – Vol Hesitate

o Displacement I (Tubing) = Vol Line + Vol OE tubing

o Dispalcement II (Annulus) = 1-2 bbls
o Dispalacemet III (Tubing) = Total Displ – Displ II – Displ III

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 A

Compiled by Iwan Wijanarko 2005

D
E
Est TOC

Pump Cement Slurry Displace Tubing = Displace annulus = Displace tubing = Hesitate =
Vol line (A) + Volume C Volume D Volume E
Vol OE Tubing (B)
Total Volume Displacement + Hesitate
= Vol Line + Vol OE Tubing + Vol Casing antara Ujung OE tubing ke Est TOC )
= A + B + (C + D + E)

17
 Displacement Volume Bullhead Squeeze

Example:
Casing size = 10-3/4”, Capacity = 0.0981 bbl/ft, PBTD @ 420 ft
Cement Line (A)

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Interval will be shut off = 400’ - 410’
Water Tubing size = 3-1/2”, Capacity = 0.0087 bbl/ft, Set @ 70 ft
Contoh Perhitungan

OE tubing Calculation:
(B)
70’ Assume line volume = 0.5 bbl
Displacement Tubing volume (B) = 70 ft x 0.0087 bbl/ft = 0.6 bbls
(B +C)
Hesitation
Hesitation volume (E) = 3 bbls
(E) 340’
Proposed top of cement slurry left inside casing at 340 ft, then
Displacement volume
= {(340 - 70) ft x 0.0981 bbl/ft} + 0.6 bbl –Hestitation vol
400’-410’
= 26.4 bbl + 0.6 bbl – 3 Bbls = 24.0 bbl
420’ (0.5+0.6) Bbls from tubing
Total displacement volume = 24.5 bbl 5 BBbls from annulus
19 Bbls from tubing

Hesitation = 3 bbls

18
Equalize Technique Procedure

1. Set OE 5 ft dibawah bottom perforasi

2. Buka BOP dan tutup annulus, fill up well dengan 2%
KCl water, tutup BOP.
3. Pompa 2% KCl water sebelum mixing cement slurry.
4. Pompa Cement Slurry
5. Choke Annulus, Equalize cement slurry sesuai
kebutuhan.
6. Displace pump truck line dan OE tubing dengan air
0.6 BPM.
7. Raise-up OE tbg +/- 100 ft diatas squeeze interval,
reverse out the slurry
8. Raise-up OE tbg ke ~ 70 ft. Fill up dan tutup BOP
9. Hesitate lewat tubing dengan 0.2-0.3 bpm water
untuk mendapatkan maximum pressure ~ 300 Psi.
Estimate top cement slurry 50 ft dari top squeeze
interval. Tutup OE tubing valve.
10. Hold pressure & WOC minimum 4 jam, RDMO
cementing unit.

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Langkah Perhitungan Equalize Technique:
1. Tentukan est final TOC ~ 50 ft di atas top perforasi
2. Tentukan est top slurry setelah equalize ~ 100 di atas
top perforasi (TOC1)
3. Hitung volume yang akan di equalized =
Vol Annular (TOC1-Top perf) + Vol Metal
Displacement tubing (TOC1-OE tbg) – (Vol line +
Vol Tubing displacement to TOC1)
4. Hitung Volume cement slurry yang akan dipompa
sebelum equalize = Total Slurry – Equalized Volume
5. Tentukan perkiraan Hesitate Volume ~ 3 bbls
6. Tentukan Total Casing Displacement
= Vol (est TOC – Est TOC1) – Vol Hesitate

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 Equalize Cementing

Choke

TOC1 C

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D
Water
E
Cement
A+B-C
F

OE

•Set OE tubing 10 ft •Choke Annulus. Displace tubing •Raise up tubing •Raise up OE to 60 ft

below bottom interval •Equalize cement = A + B - C to TOC1 (C) to TOC1 •Displace (D + E)
•Pump Cement Slurry =Vol Annular (TOC1-Top perf) + •Reverse out •Hesitate (F)
=Total Slurry – Volume Vol Metal Displacement tubing
equalized (TOC1-OE tbg) – Vol Line and
Tubing Displacement to TOC1

Note:
TOC1 = ~ 100 ft above top interval

21
 CALCULATIONS Equalize/ Braden head Squeeze
Casing size = 10-3/4”, Capacity = 0.0981 bbl/ft, PBTD @ 420 ft
Interval will be shut off = 400’ - 410’
Tubing size = 3-1/2”, Capacity = 0.0087 bbl/ft, OE Set @ 415 ft
Annulus 10-3/4” – 3-1/2” = 0.0862 bbls/ft

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Metal Displacement 3-1/2” tubing: 0.00321 bbls/ft
Estimate Final TOC 340 ft Calculation:
Pump Slurry = Total volume – Volume to be equalized
Cement
Expected top of cement slurry (TOC1) is ~ 250 ft
Water Volume to be equalized = A + B - C
= annulus volume (Top Intv – TOC1) + Metal Displc tbg (OE-TOC1)
- Line and Tbg volume to TOC1
= [(0.0862 bbls/ft) x ( 400-250) ft ] + [0.00321 bbls/ft x(415-250)ft]
C
70’ - [0.6 + 0.0087 (250)]
=(12.9 + 0.53 - 2.8)bbls = 10.6 bbls
TOC1=250’
250’
Displacement Displace Vol Tubing toTOC1 =
Hesitation = vol line + vol inside tbg 250 ft
A+B-C 340’ = 0.6 + 0.0087 (250)
= 2.8 bbls
400’-410’ • Continue with raise up OE to 250’
415’ • Reverse out
OE 415’
• Raise up OE to 70’
420’ 420’ • Displacement =Vol casing (340’-250’) – Vol Hesitation
• Hesitation = ~ 3 bbls

22
LAMPIRAN 1
Contoh Report yang harus di isi setiap Cementing Job
COMP-001 REV.5. June-03 (NI)

REMEDIAL CEMENTING REPORT

WELL INFO

Grid No : 6R20A i.e 6N83A Well Type : INJECTOR PRODUCER OTHER

Area : 6 Comp. Type : OHGP I.e CHGP, OHGP, SS, PSD etc

Well ID : D-2716 i.e D-1933 Casing Size : 10-3/4" Inch

Program No : IBBPRO0620050002 Rig / CTU : SPA # 03 i.e BN-11 or CTU H-1

Job Type : IB i.e SQ/IB/CL/IS Job Sequence : SQZ 1 i.e 1, 2 or 3 and next

Job Date : 24-Apr-05 i.e 07-JAN-2003

Injectivity Test : 0.6 BPM Pressure 170 Psi BHCT 130 Deg F

Target Interval
1: Upper : 250 ft 1: Lower 252 ft
2: Upper : ft 2: Lower ft
3: Upper : ft 3: Lower ft
4: Upper : ft 4: Lower ft
5: Upper : ft 5: Lower ft

Total GP sand : Sxs (Sqz Pack Job)

Temp Slurry design : 125 Deg F Total Cement Usage : 125 Sxs

Cement Type : "G" CMT ("G", "MMC") LCM Used : NO USAGE

Lead : 14 Bbls Fluid Loss 256 cc/30min Density 15.8 ppg Thickening Time 1:55 (hh:mm)

Tail : 21 Bbls Fluid Loss 144 cc/30min Density 15.8 ppg Thickening Time 2:20 (hh:mm)

Service Comp : DOWELL Cementer Name BIDNER SIANTURI Total Cost 4209.8 US$

Placement Technique OE set @ 70 FT

Braden Head (Equalize) Bullhead (Cement Retainer) TOC @ 195 FT (estimate)
X Bullhead (OE Tubing) NA TOC @ FT (actual)

Krypton Result Good Bad NA

Result for SQ/IB/CL/IS Good Bad Leak NA For IB Only MV ft

WW Representatives : RAFLIATA # 15893 i.e ERS Hesitation

Compresive strength 500 psi : 5 hrs Initial Press 133 Psi
WOC : 5 hrs Final Press 400 Psi
Test Target Interval : 400 Psi Hesitate Total 2.5 BBls
Sueeze Result : CIF 29.5 BBls
LEAK : BPM , PSI CIP 14:15 HRS

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LAMPIRAN 2
Contoh Score Card yang harus di isi setiap Cementing Job

REMEDIAL CEMENTING SCORE CARD

WELL: 6R-20A # 2716 WW REPS:RAFLIATA # 15893
DATE: 24-04-2005 SERCO : DOWELL

ACTIVITY Start-Time Compl-Time Remark

Call Cementing Unit 16:30 22:00 Date : 23 April 2005

Cementing Unit Rig-Up 3:30 4:00 Date : 24 April 2005
o
Injectivity test 4:30 5:00 0;6 BPM 170 Psi. Temp 130 F
Discuss Slurry design and WW Reps Calculation and Procedure Yes
Placement technique
WW Reps Calculation and Procedure Yes

Same Calculation and Procedure between WW Reps and Cementer

Yes

Mixing slurry Date : 24April 2005

8:00 10:00

Pumping slurry __35_____ bbls Pumping Rate: 0.8 BPM Pumping pressure: IP 170 , FP: 133

Displacement __9.7_____bbls Pumping Rate : 0.8 BPM Pumping pressure: IP: 146 FP: 110

Hesitate __3_____ bbls 1. Voulme : …0.5………… bbls Pumping pressure: IP 92 PSI….….. FP:
…114…PSI….. W/O 10 MNTS
2. Voulme : …0.5………… bbls Pumping pressure: IP …92 PSI….…..
FP: …119 PSI……….. W/O 30 MNTS
3. Voulme : …0.5………… bbls Pumping pressure: IP 87 PSI…….…..
FP: 133 PSI………….. W/O 30 MNTS
4. Voulme : …0.5………… bbls Pumping pressure: IP 92 PSI….…..
FP: …179 PSI……….. W/O 30 MNTS
5. Voulme : …0.5………… bbls Pumping pressure: IP …130 PSI….…..
FP: 400 PSI………….. HOLD PRESS
6. Voulme : …………… bbls Pumping pressure: IP …….….. FP:
7. Voulme : …………… bbls …………..pressure: IP …….….. FP:
Pumping
8. Voulme : …………… bbls …………..
Pumping pressure: IP …….….. FP:
…………..

WOC FOR 5 HRS 14:15 HRS 0.80208

DOC
Pressure test with ____ Psi ____
minutes

Call CBL
CBL Truck Rig-Up
Run CBL (after squeeze)

RAFLIATA # 15893 24-Apr-05

Coreps Signature Date:

Compiled by Iwan Wijanarko 2005 24

2005 Cementing Team

§ Mochammad Danang
§ Iwan Wijanarko
§ Sukamto
§ Supriyo Widodo
§ Asril
§ Dwi Irianto

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