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Audio Coding
Psychoacoustics
S. R. M. Prasanna
Dept of ECE,
IIT Guwahati,
prasanna@iitg.ernet.in
22-1
www.jntuworld.com
Perceptual Entropy
Entropy gives min. no. of bits/sample required to store
or transmit given message block
Johnstan combined notion of psychoacoustic masking
with signal quantization principles to define Perceptual
Entropy (PE).
Perceptual Entropy gives min. no. of bits/sample
required to store or transmit perceptually relevant
information in given audio message block.
While discussing PE, conventional entropy is termed as
statistical entropy.
Statistical entropy employs the statistical properties of
the signal for computing entropy
Perceptual entropy employs both statical and
perceptual properties of signal for computing entropy.
Audio Coding – p. 23/4
www.jntuworld.com
Basis for PE
Masking threshold indicates amount of quantzn. in freq.
dom. without perceptually corrupting signal.
Assume that step size and no. of levels in the quantizer
for each spectral line could be set independently.
Further choice of step size is such that total noise
injected at each frequency corresponds to masking
threshold i.e., min no of quantization levels are used.
Then no. of bits required to encode entire transform
represents min. no. of bits necessary to transmit that
block of the signal.
The total number of bits divided by the no. of samples in
the transform represents per-sample rate.
This per-sample bit rate is Perceptual Entropy of signal.
60
50
SPL (dB)
40
30
20
10
0
−10
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
Frequency (Hz)
where
i = k, 1 ≤ k ≤ 48
i = k + (kmod2) 49 ≤ k ≤ 96
i = k + 3 − ((k − 1)mod4) 97 ≤ k ≤ 232