CET Power - Enhanced Power Conversion - White Paper

Enhanced Power Conversion :
Integrating AC and DC power with high quality filtering

and superior efficiency
Construction Electronique + Communications S.A. (CE+T S.A.)  Rue du charbonnage 12  B-4020 Wandre  Belgium   +32 4 345 67 00   +32 4 345 67 01
Email: info@cet-power.com  www.cet-power.com  VAT : BE-404404480  RPM Liège - N° Enreg. Entrepreneur / Reg. Aannemer Nr. : 404.404.480/09.00.9.3
Abstract
Many organizations are encountering problems with the dual power source structure that
has arisen with the growth in critical AC loads. It is expensive and complex to maintain two
separate “power chains” (AC & DC). Moreover, the UPSs typically used with AC loads have a
high total cost of ownership (TCO) and a relatively short lifetime.
Twin Sine Innovation (TSI) is a hybrid solution which integrates the DC and AC power regimes.
Within TSI, EPC mode is an innovative, proprietary technology from CE+T Power that provides
high quality filtering and a superior efficiency of 96%. In addition to this, it will also lead to a
better availability and to more flexibility.
Background
Historically, AC loads have been a small proportion outsourcing of the servicing and maintenance.
of the total power requirements in most telecom This in turn points to a third important issue: maintaining
organizations. That explains why they initially were two wholly separate energy regimes in an organization
powered by converting DC into AC via an inverter. adds complexity and cost. The company must manage
With the growth of IT in telecom and other industries
however, AC loads such as power routers, servers and
other equipment have developed. Infrastructure
AC
GRID UPS Management
Load
As the absolute number and proportion of AC loads in AC Power
the energy mix has increased, there has been a natural

tendency to draw power directly from the grid and rely Infrastructure
on UPS for back-up and filtering. GRID ~
=
DC
Load
Management
DC Power
Increasingly, however, organizations are encountering

Battery
three major problems with this approach. Backup
First of all, while they may entail a lower initial outlay Diagram 1: the DC and AC energy chains are two different worlds and often
two different departments manage each of them.
in terms of capital expenditure (CAPEX), UPS require
more maintenance and tend to have a shorter lifetime two separate “power chains”: an AC to DC load and an
than other solutions. The battery in a UPS typically has AC to AC load.
a 3 year lifetime whereas batteries in DC infrastructures Since a chain is only as strong as its weakest link, this
may have a lifetime of 15 or even 20 years. The internal added complexity increases the likelihood of failure and
charging process in a UPS tends to shorten the battery’s may result in a company or organization being unable to
lifetime. In short, with a UPS, operating expenditures meet contractual performance standards as defined in
(OPEX) tend to be higher and thus they have a higher service level agreements (SLAs). Moreover, maintaining
total cost of ownership (TCO) than other solutions. two separate energy chains requires two different types
Secondly, UPS are often seen as a “black box”, the of competences and often leads to the setup of two
inner workings of which are better understood by separate departments. All of this just increases cost and
the manufacturer than by the power or facilities complexity.
management departments of most organizations. Leveraging the existing DC infrastructure therefore
This leads to higher Operating Expenses due to the seems the right way to go!
TSI: a hybrid solution Unlike other solutions, however, EPC double converts
Twin Sine Innovation (TSI) is a hybrid solution which from the input to output Line, while filtering on both
integrates the DC and AC worlds. With TSI, an AC load Line and Neutral. This provides above average efficiency
safely draws power from the AC grid but can also take compared with other technologies on the market. Most
advantage of the existing infrastructure of DC batteries. other solutions, which double convert the L and the N,
Moreover, TSI converts the grid’s “dirty” energy into typically offer an efficiency of up to 92% whereas EPC’s
“clean” energy with a higher efficiency than a UPS do. combined efficiency goes up to 96%.
TSI converts AC power from the grid at an efficiency
of up to 96% and DC power from the battery at an Line in Line out
efficiency of up to 92%. With TSI, costly and complex
UPS – and dual power chains – are no longer necessary.
~
AC
Infrastructure
Neutral in ~ Neutral out
Management
Load
AC Power
Diagram 4: Standard double conversion will not give

more than 92% efficiency. Twice the losses compared to EPC!
Infrastructure
GRID ~ DC Management
= Load DC Power The best of both worlds in a hybrid solution
EPC’s unique architecture and technology offers better
Battery
Backup efficiency, filtering and stabilizing performances than
Diagram 2: TSI is a hybrid solution which integrates the two energy chains any other Grid to AC conversion alternatives.
Let’s compare them!
EPC mode and TSI
As we just saw, CE+T Power’s TSI converter will help Online Mode
organizations rationalize their power infrastructure. In Online Mode operations, power goes from the grid to
But it will also help them reduce their TCO thanks to its a rectifier (which includes a transformer) and then to an
better efficiency and higher availability. inverter where it is converted into AC power. This double
conversion gives, when using the latest technologies, an
Higher efficiency efficiency of about 85.5% : 96% for the rectifier, 90% for
A major part of the secret to TSI’s success is the the inverter and 99% for the Static Switch.
proprietary (patent pending) Enhanced Power
Conversion (EPC) technology developed by CE+T Power.
EPC converts AC power from the grid to DC power and Grid ~ = STS
AC
then back again to pure AC. More specifically, it works = ~ Load
99%
on the L-in / L-out current to provide a safe and stable 96% 90%
ACout. Its filtering functions work to contain both DC

Battery Load
differential and common mode disturbances. Backup
TSI Module
Diagram 4: Online Mode
Line in EPC Line out
IEPC Neutral out

Neutral in
Diagram 3: EPC’s allows for up to 96% efficiency
Battery mode EPC mode
When the grid fails, the Online Mode is automatically EPC offers the best of both worlds: it offers high quality
switched to the Battery Mode, DC power is drawn from of differential filtering combined with an efficiency of
the batteries and converted into AC by the inverter. 96%, far higher than any alternative. EPC stops common
mode disturbances too via filtering rather than by relying
on the inefficient galvanic insulation of a transformer.
Grid ~ = STS
AC 96%
= ~ Load Grid
99% AC
90%
Load
DC
Battery Load
Backup Battery
Backup
~ DC
Diagram 5: Battery Mode = Load
Offline mode
Diagram 7: TSI Enhanced Power Conversion (EPC)
Many organizations choose to place their bet on the
quality of the Grid and decide to supply the AC load EPC combines best in class filtering and efficiency!
directly from it. The table here-below compares the filtering and
efficiency of each modes :
This offers 99% efficiency but it is also highly vulnerable
to grid disturbances and depends on the quality of the Unity
Filtering & Input Power for
AC power feeder. Power Loss
Stabilizing a 2kW load
Factor
The rectifier/battery/inverter path is used only as a
backup solution. Online Mode Yes Yes 13,6% 2,31
Offline No No 1% 2,02
EPC Yes Yes 4% 2,08

Grid ~ = STS
AC
= ~ Load
99% Table 1: Comparison Chart
DC High availability
Battery Load
Backup EPC also brings higher availability.
With most other systems, when the mains drops out it
Diagram 6: Offline Mode takes a short time – up to 12 milliseconds – until the
Line interactive system Static Switch (single point of failure!) kicks in. While this
interval is relatively short, it nonetheless can result in
Another mode has appeared lately called, “line
some damages to critical loads and to the reset of the
interactive”, that uses the DC from the batteries to
utilities for several minutes.
improve the power coming from the Grid. The problem
with this type of solution, however, is that it draws EPC, on the other hand, provides zero transfer time :
current from the battery in order to correct distortions Its double converter has an internal energy storage
in the AC wave. The resulting high route mean square buffer which fills in the brief power gap while the power
(RMS) current in the battery, and more specifically the
associated warm-up, tends to wear down the battery
faster.
source is switched from the grid to the batteries. And
with the overload mode, EPC can deliver up to 150% of
the normal power for a configurable period of time, if
called upon.
Flexibility
Finally, whatever the output power level, the energy
can be shared by both input sources (AC & DC) from 0
to 100%.
A very interesting use of this “mixed sources” mode is CE+T Power 4 x 750VA NOVA Modular Inverter
the ramp up energy applied to an eventual AC source using the TSI Technology
genset when coming back from DC!
Conclusion
EPC offers substantial benefits on several levels.
On an organizational level it optimizes the integration of
the AC and DC “power chains”, thereby creating a single
power regime that is both more reliable and easier and
more cost-efficient to manage.
On a performance level, it provides a secured, high
quality, filtered ACout at a high efficiency of up to 96%. CE+T Power 4 x 2.5kVA BRAVO Modular Inverter
using the TSI Technology
This advanced technology – exclusively available from
CE+T POWER – helps organizations to reduce costs,
simplify operations and to power AC loads with a better
efficiency, a higher availability level, and more flexibility.
CE+T Power is the world leader in AC backup technology. The company develops, manufactures and markets Inverters, Modular
UPS, Remote Line Powering and Off Grid Powering solutions to the Telecom, Industrial and Datacom/IT markets worldwide.
For more information please visit our website at
http://www.cet-power.com

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Enhanced Power Conversion :

Integrating AC and DC power with high quality filtering

the energy mix has increased, there has been a natural

Increasingly, however, organizations are encountering

Diagram 4: Standard double conversion will not give

ACout. Its filtering functions work to contain both DC

IEPC Neutral out

Diagram 3: EPC’s allows for up to 96% efficiency

EPC Yes Yes 4% 2,08

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