Lahore University of Management Sciences

POL 331 – Pakistan’s Foreign Relations: A Study of Policy &

Diplomacy Conduct
Fall 2010-11

Instructor: Shaharyar M. Khan

Office hours: Monday & Wednesday 1015-1145
Office: 222 ext. 8060
Email: smkhan@lums.edu.pk

I. Course Objectives

The objective of course is to introduce the dynamics of foreign policy and diplomatic practice by
using Pakistan’s foreign relations as a basis for this study. I would invoke my personal
experience of 40 years in the Pakistan Foreign Service as a practical guide in formulating
Pakistan’s policy

II. Course Description

The course will begin by examining the main determinants that fashion foreign policy including
preservation of sovereignty, national security and achieving economic goals. The course would
then examine the instruments of executing foreign policy. Once these international principles
have been studied, the course will evaluate Pakistan’s relations with its neighbours – India,
China, Afghanistan, Iran and the Arab Gulf States – moving on to Pakistan’s adherence to
regional blocs – SAARC and ECO – and multilateral associations like the UN, NAM and the
Commonwealth. The significance of relations with the Great Powers would be discussed in
reviewing Pakistan’s relations on a bi-lateral and multi-lateral basis.

The course will also cover specialized subjects like the peaceful settlement of disputes, the
nuclear issue and peacekeeping. The course will conclude with a review of diplomatic practice
and the organisation of the Pakistan Foreign Office and its diplomatic missions.

III. Lectures and Attendance Policy

There will be 16 lectures of 100 minutes each. The first session will be an introduction to the
course. There will be three seminars as indicated in the course schedule. The seminars are
envisaged as occasions when students will be given actual foreign policy dilemmas to try and
sort through. Students will work in groups on policy issues in which Pakistan faced divergent
premises in adapting a policy. The three seminar topics chosen are – 1) The Kashmir issue and
relations with India 2) Afghanistan 3) The Iran – Iraq war.

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Attendance is strongly encouraged and students with more than four unjustified absences will
automatically receive an F. Furthermore, exams and presentations will be based on lecture and
seminar sessions and failure to attend will clearly influence class participation, presentation and
exam performance. The research paper will also be drawn from material covered in the lectures
and seminars. As such students will find it very difficult to score adequately unless attendance is
regular. It will be the students’ responsibility to remain informed of all lectures/discussions that
take place in class.

IV. Course Evaluation

Class Participation – 20% (Group work, presentations, general class participation)

2 Essays – 40% - one to be handed in by mid-term, the other by end of term
Final Exam – 40%

Class Participation

Attendance at lectures is essential to understanding the basic concepts and theories introduced.
Moreover, it is very important that in a small seminar group, students all come prepared so as to
be able to contribute to group discussions thereby making the session a lively and productive
one. Students will also be asked to participate in group work and make presentations during
seminars. As a result, class participation (20%) is relatively high

Research Papers

Each student will write two research papers on subjects that will be provided by the instructor
The individual papers should be around 3000 words (10-12 pages) in length (excluding any
references and annexes).

Submission Format

Hand written submissions will not be accepted. Submission specifications are:

Line-Spacing: 1.5 spaced
Font: 12 point Times Roman, 10 point Ariel or similar
Margins: 1 inches left, 1 inch Right, Top and Bottom
Referencing: All papers have to be properly referenced, following a standard referencing format
giving full citations of all reference material.

V. Final Exam

The final exam will be closed book and essay based and will have questions from all the main
topics covered in the lectures. There will be choice available to students.

VI. Cheating and Plagiarism

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Written work must be properly cited in accordance with accepted style manuals (Chicago
Manual of Style, APA, MLA, etc.). If you take an idea from the text, another book, newspaper,
or any other source, you must give the author credit. Furthermore, changing one or two words in
a sentence is not an acceptable substitution for not using quotation marks. It is expected that all
assignments represent original work not previously or simultaneously handed in for credit in
another. Cheating, plagiarism, or any other violations of the honour code will be dealt with
according to LUMS policy.

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VII. Course Schedule
TOPIC
Introduction to Course
Foreign Policy Determinants
a.
Preservation of sovereignty
b.
Treaty obligations
c.
Defence objectives
d.
Optimising benefits of geo-
physical creation
e. Ideology
f. Achieving economic goals
The Stake Holders
a. The Executive
b. The Foreign Office
c. The Defence Establishment
d. The Intelligence Agencies
e. Parliament
Relations with Neighbours
Relations with India
Seminar on Relations with India –
The Kashmir Issue – Potential
Solutions
Relations with China
Relations with Afghanistan
Relations with Iran
Seminar on Iran – Arab conflict –
Pakistan’s position
READINGS
Diplomacy, Sir Harold Nicholson - Epilogue
Introduction to International Law, Starke – P48-53
Foreign Policy, Mohd. Yunus - Chapters 5,8,9
International Relations, Couloumbis and Wolfe -
Chapters 4,5
South Asia in World Politics, Hagerty (ed) - Chapters
1,2
Pakistan & UN, Carnegie – Chapters 2,4 and 5
A Disputed Legacy, Alastair Lamb – Chapters 1, 3, 4, 6
and 16
My South Block Years, JN Dixit - Chapter 19
Memories & Reflections of a Pakistani Diplomat,
Sultan Khan - Chapters 13-19
Chinese Foreign Policy, Joseph Camilleri - Chapters
5,6,7
The Taliban Phenomenon, Kamal Matinuddin -
Chapters 2,3,4,6,7,
Rasul Baksh Rais – In the Shadow of the Past:
Pakistan’s Afghan Policy (article)
Iran’s Foreign Policy under the Islamic Republic, Shaul
Bakhash in Diplomacy in the Middle East, Carl Brown
- Chapter 12
The Other Middle Eastern States, Carl Brown in
Diplomacy in the Middle East, Carl Brown – Chapter
14, only pages 284 - 7
Iran – Iraq: Roots of Conflict, Tareq Ismail -
Introduction
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Relations with the Arab – Gulf States Strategy, Diplomacy, Humanity, Anwar Dil – Chapter
13
Relations with Multi-Lateral Agencies Everyman’s UN pages 13-24
and Regional Blocs
The Non Aligned Movement, Peter Willets – Pages 2-
a. The UN and its Agencies 14 and 43-45
b. Nam
c. Commonwealth My South Block Years, J N Dixit, Chapter 23
d. IMF and the World Bank
e. OIC
Regional Blocs 12th SAARC Summit : A Step Forward, Fahmida
Ashraf
a. SAARC
b. ECO Pakistan and ECO - internet

The Great Powers On My Country and the World, Gorbachev - Chapters

9-14
a. USA
b. Russia Diplomacy, Henry Kissinger - Chapters 1, 31
c. China
d. Europe Engaging India, Strobe Talbot - Chapters 2,5,6,7,8
e. Japan
Great Power Foreign Policy in South Asia, Robert
Wirsing in South Asia in World Politics, D. Hagerty
(ed) Chapter 6
Special Topics in Foreign Policy Shallow Graves of Rwanda, Shaharyar M Khan -
Chapters 10,11
a. The Nuclear Issue The Theory and Practice of Peacekeeping, IJ Rikhye -
b. Peacekeeping Chapters 1,2,6,7
c. Settlement of Disputes Rasul Baksh Rais, Conceptualising Nuclear
Deterrence: Pakistan’s Position

Seminar -
Diplomatic Practice Satow’s Guide to Diplomatic Practice, (ed) Lord Gore-
Booth - Chapters 34-39
a. Privileges and Immunities
b. Rights of Representation
c. Conferences
d. Consular relations
Organisation of Pakistan’s Foreign Extracts of Report by Chairman Pakistan Foreign
Office Diplomatic Missions Office Review Committee – Shaharyar M Khan
a. Headquarters
b. Diplomatic Missions
Final Exam