APRICOT 2006 at Perth Western Australia

IP addressing Design in Practice

Akinori MAEMURA <maem@maem.org>

Masataka MAWATARI <mawatari@dti.ad.jp>
Kiyoteru ISHIHARA <ki-ishihara@kddi.com>
 APRICOT 2006

What we will talk here from now on

IP Addressing is one of the components of
network design
– It's basic to networking, but really important,
and not easy
– Know-how is not shared enough, is it?

Here will be presented about

– Practical and current IPv4 Addressing
– IPv6 Addressing in comparison with IPv4

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 IPv4 Addressing
which we should have been familiar with…
 APRICOT 2006

Addressing Plan is like…

Segment and reserve address block for
several attributes
• by link category (user address pool, backbone
link, loopback addresses …etc)
• by service (broadband, dialup …etc)
• by geographical/topological area

BackBone
/15

/17 /17 /18 /18 /18

4
 APRICOT 2006

But reality is…

Addressing plan needs to be fit as increase of users
and services
– Not easy to operate as planned.
– Reality is often very different from the assumption

Not easy to change design while operating.

– We often have very little spare IP address for change
operations
IP address management starts getting disordered

An unnecessary loss is generated.

– It gets more trouble some to make sure routing works
fine.
– Configuring ACL becomes more difficult.

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 APRICOT 2006

Reduce the present problem.

Renumbering -> Aggregation
/16

/18 /18 /19 /19 /19 /19

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 APRICOT 2006

How we can do that?

Revisiting the addressing plan
– Situations differs by each xSPs
• Consumer ISP
– The biggest blocks are assigned for the client address pool
• iDC
– Fixed address or address blocks is assigned to customers.
• Leased Line Service
– Various size of address block are connected to Access
Routers

– The later to fix it, the more difficult to improve the

order
• The availability of IP address is always changing.
• The situation of service is always changing, too.

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 APRICOT 2006

One of methods…

Initial Condition
Broadband
Access Servers
Access Provider's
/26 Router ISP's Router

/26

/26 route ***.***.1.0/26 next-hop ***.***.***.***

route ***.***.1.64/26 next-hop ***.***.***.***
route ***.***.1.128/26 next-hop ***.***.***.***

Pool
Address static routes
Blocks

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 APRICOT 2006

One of methods…(cont.)

Users increasing…
Broadband
Access Servers
Access Provider's
/26+/26 Router ISP's Router

/26+/26

/26+/26 route ***.***.1.0/26 next-hop ***.***.***.***

route ***.***.1.64/26 next-hop ***.***.***.***
route ***.***.1.128/26 next-hop ***.***.***.***
route ***.***.1.192/26 next-hop ***.***.***.***
route ***.***.2.0/26 next-hop ***.***.***.***
Add /26
for pool
address
blocks. When static routes increases,
external routes increases too…

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 APRICOT 2006

One of methods…(cont.)

Renumbering!!
Broadband
Access Servers
Access Provider's
/24 Router ISP's Router

/24

/24 route ***.***.10.0/24 next-hop ***.***.***.***

route ***.***.11.0/24 next-hop ***.***.***.***
route ***.***.12.0/24 next-hop ***.***.***.***

Pool
Address
Blocks are Static routes are getting
getting simple!!!
simple!!!

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 APRICOT 2006

To change the address plan…

Renumber, defragment and aggregate!!
Renumbering is painful, but…
– Together with other maintenances
• Redundant network configuration will help easier
maintenance

– It's still very good to execute renumbering little by little.

• We can sometimes have a sufficient margin for
renumbering. Keep track of amount of available IP
address!
• Day-to-day checks will work for planning tiny
renumbering

– It will result in reducing the division loss of IP address.

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 APRICOT 2006

Summary so far
Your IPv4 network is already rather old.
– It's necessary to review the IP address
design
• Clues for the improvement may come out
although it is still not found.
– You still need to keep operating your IPv4
network.
IPv6 is coming ! It is being as troublesome
as IPv4 is now!
– Think about IPv6 addressing now, and the
trouble will be less!
– Don't repeat the same mistake as IPv4.
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Considering IPv6
 APRICOT 2006

The way we consider about IPv6 addressing

Only dual stuck network is to be focused on
Do we need any special consideration on IPv4
addressing when IPv6 is added on the network?
The method for transition of IPv6 which you
suppose
– First, while considering IPv6 transition,
improvement of IPv4 network
– Secondly, Introduction for IPv6
• We would like to examine whether consideration (1) is
necessary

IPv4(now) IPv4(improvement) IPv4/IPv6

Care for IPv6 introduction Is necessary?

Which items we should care for?
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 APRICOT 2006

Items to be considered
Addressing
– Links
• Point-to-Point Link
• LAN segment
– Logical interfaces

Area segmentation of address block

Router ID
Renumbering

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 APRICOT 2006

Addressing
Point-to-Point Links
– /64 – as one segment
– /126 – just like as /30 in case of IPv4,
– /127 – was said okay originally, but…
• RFC3627 - Use of /127 Prefix Length Between Routers
Considered Harmful
– or unnumbered
LAN segments
– Don‘t think! It is definitely /64!
– 2^64 hosts can be connected (theoretically ☺ )
• we don't need to care about the number of hosts!
Loopback address
• /64（wasting? yes) or /128

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 APRICOT 2006

Area
fixed size block can be
allocated to every area
– For example /40 for an area /40

• 256 PoPs, with 2^16 LAN segment each,

… don t think about the number of /40
hosts! /40
• No consideration needed for block size /40 /40 /40 /40
to be allocated
/40 /40
• Network center level
– East/West Japan /48 /48 Network Center
– District, etc.
• Prefecture level, Central PoP level,/56 /56 GC
etc.
– Implication to the segmentation of
IPv4?
• Much much easier than IPv4. Forget
about that!
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 APRICOT 2006

Consideration on dual stack network

To embed IPv4 numbers to an IPv6 address

IPv4 192 0 2 222

(Likely) Host ID on a
single segment
IPv6

/32 prefix Host ID on a single segment

2001 : 0D88 ０２ ２２

64bit

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 APRICOT 2006

Request For Comments

While operating IPv4 addressing, do you have any
points that you pay attention and you have
devised?
– The Point of caution and device in case of renumbering
– The Point of caution and device in case of managing IPv4
addressing

At the time of IPv6 introduction, the influence to

addressing and the like of the IPv4 and
consideration point does not seem so many.
– First, do we have to consider this kind of consideration?
– The influence and consideration point is not many. Is it
right?
– What items we should consider?

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