ABAP INTERVIEW QUS & ANS

(TOPIC ON INTERNAL TABLES, SELECTION-SCREENS, DOMAINS,

DATAELEMNTS, SELECT: OPTIONS, EVENTS)

1. What is an ABAP data dictionary? - ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the

logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how
they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.

1. What are domains and data element? - Domains: Domain is the central
object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of a
business objects. It describes the value range of the field.

Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic

definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes
how a field can be displayed to end-user.

2. What is foreign key relationship? - A relationship which can be defined

between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are
used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked
against existing data to ensure that there are now contradictions. While
defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality
mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are
possible.

3. Describe data classes. - Master Data, Transaction data, Organization

data, System data:-

Master Data: It is the data which is seldomly changed.

Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed.

Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system

when the system is configured and is then rarely changed.

System data: It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.

4. What are indexes?- Indexes are described as a copy of a database table

reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form
eases fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also
read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table is included in the
index. The indexes are activated along with the table and are created
automatically with it in the database.
5. Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables. - Transparent
tables: A transparent table in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with
the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field.
Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent
table holds application data.

Pooled tables. A pooled table in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation

with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as
in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.

6. What is BDC programming? - Transferring of large/external/legacy data

into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is an
automatic procedure referred to as BDC (Batch Data Communications).The
central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie
a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.

7. What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?- These are
the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data
transfer successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP -
Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in
this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one
transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the
batch input session.

8. What are internal tables? - Internal tables are a standard data type object
which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to
perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-
organizing the contents of database tables according to users need.

9. What is DynPro?- DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a

combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as
DynPro.
10. What are screen painter and menu painter? –

Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and
its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions.
Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen
painter.

Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components.

Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the
components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are
the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 application.

11. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?- Initialization, At selection-

screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At
line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT
FIRST.

12. What is a batch input session? - BATCH INPUT SESSION is an

intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along
with the action is stored in session i.e. data for screen fields, to which
screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is
processed.

13. What is the difference between macro and subroutine? - Macros can
only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition
are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be
called from both the program the are defined in and other programs. A
MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are
used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be
called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called
external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use
of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in action). If the subroutine is
used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called
external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.

14. When you running a report it takes long time for execution. What steps will
you do to reduce the execution time?

a) Avoid nested looping,

 Don’t write select statement with in loop and end loop,

If you are fetching data from database table use selected fields list instead
of

Select * use refresh, clear statements after the data retrieval. Use for all
entries rather than inner

Join.

If you are using inner join don’t join more than two tables.

Use binary search for fetching data from database table.

a) If you want to reduce the execution time of a report.

1. Use For all entries instead of using joins.

2. Use select f1 f2 from table into table itab.

Instead of select * from table into corresponding fields.

3. Perform sorting.

15. what is the difference between ALE and BAPI

16. What is difference between Time constraint two, and three? What are
the general function modules in Organization management?

Time constraints is used in Functional Modules e.g. HR Module.

It specify whether we can make any Time Gaps between two successive
tasks or not.

time constraint 2 means: we can make gaps

time constraint 3 means: we can't make gaps

17. What is the difference between SY-TABIX and SY-IND...

Sy-tfill: NO of record in the internal table

Sy-index: index number of record which is currently executed.
Eg: itab contains values 1 to 10.
Loop at itab into wa_itab.
Write: wa_itab-field1.
 endloop.
suppose if the loop is getting executed for the 3rd time, then the sy-index will
store the value as 3.

read table itab into wa_itab where field1 = 3.

after execution of this statement, the value of sy-index will be 3.

18. What is the main purpose of READ keyword?

Read statement is used to retreive only one record from internal table.
Note: While using read one should have all primary keys..Otherwise subrc will
fail.

19. What is the transaction code to check how many times the program
executed?

The T-code is to check how many times reports or other transaction has been
exevuted is    ' STAT ' .check..
But only BASIS ppl will have the authorization for that.

19. How many maximum numbers of fields can be there in a table?

Don't cross the total size of each record to 255 characters

maximum we can have 216 fields in a table
and max 16 key fields.

20. In the ‘select’ statement what is “group by”?

The use of GROUP BY has the prerequisite that SELLECT only individual
columns, not all the columns, are specified using *. If GROUP BY is used, all
columns that are specified directly after SELECT and not specified as an
argument of an aggregate function must be listed there.

23.What are the domains and data elements?

Domains: domains are the dictionary objects that are assigned with
constants and data types

Data elements: data elements are dictionary objects that are assigned with the
domains.

Uses:'
* Data elements are used to create relation between tables.

* Data elements are used to transfer the data from one R/3 to another R/3.

* To create search helps.

24. What is the exact difference between Transaction Codes se01, se09 and
se10? Dont say all are same please; there is some difference between
those in real time.

SE09 is the transaction code for workbench organiser.Workbench organiser is

the set of utilities for development change management. All Development
changes are tracked via Workbench organiser.

SE10 is for customizing organiser.Customising organiser is the set of tools for

customizing change management. All customizing changes are tracked via
customising organiser.

21. What is the difference between Types and like?

Type is a keyword used to refer to a data type whereas like is a keyword used to
copy the existing properties of already existing data object.

22. Describe interactive report classical report and ALV Also what is the
difference in them and why?

Classical Report: It is nothing but getting data from one or more tables and
displays it on LPS formatted or unformatted. It is having only one screen for
the output. It has not any sub list.
Events like that.
Initializations
At selection-screen
Start-of-selections
Top-of-page
End-of-page
End-of-selections

Interactive Report : Is nothing but communications between one report data to

another. its having one primary list and 20 secondary list for the outputs.
Events like that
At line selections
At user-command
 At pt
Top-of-page-during line-selections.

ALV Report : Its stands for Application line viewer, it is used for analysis
purpose, it has no limitations characters for the printing. These are two types
list and grid.

23. What are the different types of data dictionary objects?

Data Dictionary Objects

• Tables
• Views
• Domain
• Data Element
• Type Groups
• Search Helps/Matchcode Objects
• Lock objects
• Structures
• Table Types

24. What’s an effective way of using an internal table record? What are the
types of internal tables?

The internal tables could be catogrised into two.

Indexed : standard and sorted tables.

Nonindexed: hash tables.

Standard table: it is the one we use generally. In this the data is not sorted
and the only thing we can do is just process the data with out any restriction
on it.

Sorted tables: it works in two different manners.

First one: is similar to standard table but the only difference is
the data will be filled in a particular manner either ascending or descending.
Second one: u can also fill the table keeping any field as
primary key. Now the data will be filled based on that particular key.

Hash tables: u can use this when u want to fill your internal table avoiding
the duplication of data.it never permits the duplicate record to be stored in a
internal table
 25. In production what is the user exit?

user exit is the user defined gui status we attach to a standard transaction.
By using this we can attach only two menu items in a single transaction.

To create this we can use two transaction codes CMOD and SMOD.

CMOD: THE TRANSACTION WHERE WE ADD THE ENHANCEMENT.

SMOD: THE TRANSACTION WHERE WE CHECK THE ENHANCEMENT
COMPONENTS.

WHEN WE JUST ATTACH THE ENHANCEMENT .WE CAN SEE THE TWO
FUNCTION EXITS CREATED FOR IT.
ONE IS FOR PBO AND THE OTHER IS FOR PAI.JUST
CLICK ON THE +OOB TO CREATE UR USERDEFINED MENU

26. When we will use IDOC.

IDOC is used to transer the data from once R/3 System to another R/3, client
to client, server to server.

27. Where does an abap program get stored after save?

SAP programm is stored in application server and SAP kernel

28. What is the difference between SE38 and SE80?

SE 38 is the Abap editor which is used to create the programs.

SE 80 is the Repository Browser means portion of database that is used to

maintain SAP application components

29. What is lock Object?

a) Lock objects used to synchronize access of several users using same

data.
b) Lock object: lock object can provide data integrity in sap R/3.
c) Lock Object is a relationship defined in the Data Dictionary between a
main table and possible secondary tables
d) To avoid the concurrent usage of data
 30. How can I copy a standard table to make my own z_table.

a) Use SE11 & there is copy(ctrl+f5) button is available after copy activate the
Ztable, it's simple to copy a database table, but note that if in database
table maintenance generator is available then you have to define your
maintenance generator in your copied Ztable.

WE CAN CREATE A STRUCTURE LIKE THE SAME STRUCTURE AS

DATABASE TABLE AND WE CAN USE

SELECT* FROM DATABASE TABLE INTO TABLE ITAB

OR

INSERT INTO ITAB VALUES DATABASE TABLE

31. Which one is not an exit command? (Exit, cencle, stop, back)

A) STOP.
Effect: The statement STOP is only to be used in executable programs

EXIT.

Effect: If the EXIT statement is executed outside of a loop, it will immediately

terminate the current processing block.

BACK.
Effect: This statement positions the list cursor on the first position of the first line
in a logical unit.

b) out of exit,cancel stop and back , back i not the exit command . when we
do back it goes to the previuos screen . with exit and cancel it terminates
the current programm.
c) The function code with type E

As a rule, the user allow the leave the screen with the function type E,
Usually EXIT, BACK and CANCEL have the function code of type E.

32. Difference between client dependent and client independent tables?

Tables which can be access by all user are client independent (no mandt field
in table)
 tables which can be access by some specific user are client dependent (use
mandt field in table)

33. Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?

Yes, we can create dictionary tables without referring to data elements. This
is done by clicking on "Built in type" button during table creation.

34. What are client dependant objects in abap/sap?

Client Dependent objects r those objects whose functionality is restricted to a

particular client, for ex. In case of table, records entered in one client for a
client dependent table the same record is not visible for in any other client .
EX-SAP Script layout, text element, and some DDIC objects, Client
dependent objects in ABAP are 1) SAP scripts 2) Database tables.

35. What is the difference between checkable and search help

There is a lot of difference between searchhelp and check table. Check table
is a master table. Like T000 for client, t001w for company codes, tcurc for
currency. When we write code like 'PARAMETER V_WERKS LIKE MARC-
WERKS OBLIGATORY VALUE CHECK' the value we entered will be cross
checked with the table T001W for existence. But Search help is some thing
which pops-up when we press F4. It shows a list of values of available for
that field from a particular table. There is no checking scenario in search
help. While developing a ztable for example assume that u have a currency
field. Then u needs to establish a foreign key with a currency key field in
TCURC etc. Hope this explanation has given you some clarity regarding
difference between check table and search help.

36. When top of the page event is triggered?

a) when it finds.. first Write , Skip , Uline statement ... then Top of page event will
trigger.

b) top-of-page event is triggered when a write, uline or skip statements are

encountered for the first time.

c) When write statement is written under top-of-page.

It is important to specify the line-count after report program < name >

49. What is meant by Modularization in SAP?

If a set of statements are to be repeatedly used, then Modularization

technique has to be used to reduce the redundancy of the Code.
We have four types
 1. Macros
2. Function Modules
3. Sub routines
4. Include Programs

50.how to find Tcode reports and the tables with in the given Tcode

51. Can we write Inner join With Pooled Table?If No, then tell me why, If
yes, then give me one Example

No, because inner join works only for foregin key relation.
So in poolad table in between tables there is no foregin key relation.

52. How data is stored in cluster table?

A cluster table conatins data from mulitple DDIC tables.

It stores data as a name value pair (varkey, vardata)

In cluster table each field is acts as a record and it can store multiple records.

53. What is the difference between collect and sum?

SUM.

When processing an internal table in a block starting with LOOP and concluded
by ENDLOOP , SUM calculates the control totals of all fields of type I , F and P
(see also ABAP/4 number types ) and places them in the LOOP output area
(header line of the internal table or an explicitly specified work area).

When you use SUM in a LOOP with an explicitly specified output area, this
output area must be compatible with the line type of the internal table.When
using LOOP to process a sorted extract (see SORT ), the con trol total
of f at the end of the group appears in the field SUM(f) - - if f is type I , F or P .

COLLECT.

COLLECT is used to create unique or compressed datasets. The key fields are
the default key fields of the internal table itab.

If you use only COLLECT to fill an internal table, COLLECT makes sure that the
internal table does not contain two entries with the same default key fields.

If, besides its default key fields, the internal table contains number fields, the
contents of these number fields are added together if the internal table already
contains an entry with the same key fields.
If the default key of an internal table processed with COLLECT is blank, all the
values are added up in the first table line.

If you specify WA INTO, the entry to be processed is taken from the explicitly
specified work area WA. If not, it comes from the header line of the internal table
itab.

After COLLECT, the system field SY-TABIX contains the index of the - existing or
new - table entry with default key fields which match those of the entry to be
processed.

COLLECT can create unique or compressed datasets and should be used

precisely for this purpose. If uniqueness or compression are unimportant, or two
values with identical default key field values could not possibly occur in your
particular task, you should use APPEND instead. However, for a unique or
compressed dataset which is also efficient, COLLECT is the statement to use.

If you process a table with COLLECT , you should also use COLLECT to fill it.
Only by doing this can you guarantee that the internal table will actually be
unique or compressed, as described above and COLLECT will run very
efficiently.

If you use COLLECT with an explicitly specified work area, it must be compatible
with the line type of the internal table.

b)COLLECT : IT MEANS THAT IT WILL ADD UP THE NUMBERS AND GIVE

U GRAND TOTAL, WHERE AS SUM MEANS IT WILL ADDUP

b) Collect statement is using as append statement and as well as sum

statement, means whenever collect statement will encountered then first it
checks whether that record exist in the interna table with the same key or
not. If yes then add that else append at the end of internal table.
But sum is only for sum the values.

54. What is the difference between skip and reserve?

Skip provides a space between lines, while reserve executes a page break on
the current page if less than <n> lines are free between current line and the
page footer.
 55. What is the meaning of session? Why do we create it?

Session is nothing but the transferring of data from flat file to the the r/3
system. Here advantage is that you can call more than one transaction at one
go.

56. Why is that we have to add same code in PBO and PAI when we are
using TABLE CONTROLS?

Because, we have to pass the data between screen fields and abap fields
.Thats why we use same code in PBO and PAI.

b) There is only one work area for processing lines in the table control. For
this reason you need a

LOOP

…

ENDLOOP

structure in both the PBO and PAI events for each table control.

57. In interactive report how we can jump on to the different list?

Using transaction code: Sy-lysnd

58. What is the difference between RFC and BAPI?

Bapi's are nothing but RFC enabled function module....... and the main difference
b/w RFC & BAPI is that BAPI is maintained in BOR (business object repository)...

59. How can we transport the z-table along with data to Production system?

Its possible to transport the data along with the table definition, by setting the
Delivery class appropriately under the delivery and maintenance tab of SE11..

b) Once you fill the table, these objects are to be manually added to a transport
request.

Double click the task, Give some short descr, Enter R3TR in program ID &
Object type as TABU, and then insert the values to the task
60. When do we use End-of-selection?

a) When ever a LDB is used for getting the values we use End-of-Selection, till
the internal table is filled with all data, the flow will not go to End-of-Selection.

b) End-of-selection event are mostly used when we are writing HR-ABAP code.
In the HR-ABAP code, data is retrieved in the Start-of-selection event and
Printing on the list and all will be done in End-of-selection event.

But in Normal ABAP, mostly we won’t use this event.

61) What are Lock Objects and types of lock objects?

a) Lock objects are function modules to avoid accessing data by two or more
users.

There r two types of lock objects are available, DEQUEE, ENQUEE

b) Multiple users access same records synchronized by lock objects.

1. Synchronize lock

2. Asynchronies lock

c) Type of locks:

Exclusive Lock: The locked data can be read or processed by one user only.

Shared Lock: Several users can read the same data at the same time, but as
soon as a user edits the data, a second user can no longer access this data.

Exclusive but not cumulative lock: Exclusive locks can be requested by the
same transaction more than once and handled successively, but an exclusive but
not cumulative lock can only be requested once by a given transaction. All other
lock requests are rejected.

62. 1) How do u handle table controls in session method? How do u handle

errors in call transaction?

2) What is BADI? Why do we use it?

3) what is BAPI? purpose?

4) Difference between user exit and customer exit?

a) WE can collect the errors in the internal table of structure BDCMSGCOLL

mentioning it in that syntax call transaction.e.g.

Call transaction MM01 using BDCDATA mode N update S message in

BDCMSGCOLL.

After collecting all those messages we can show them after formatting with
function module MESSAGE_PREPARE or FORMAT_MESSAGE

b) Can hnadle errors in call transaction using internal table having structure
BDCMSGCOLL, But this alone does not help to view errors and eradicate it. To
view the errors that is holded in internal table use function module
FORMAT_MESSAGE. This helps to get a look at the errors.

63. In selection screen I have three fields, plant mat no and material group.
If I input plant how do I get the mat no and material group based on plant
dynamically?

a) You can use a kind of search help which import the plant mat no and than
fetch the material group.You have to declare the select-option varriable from the
same structure field in which the matarial no. has the search help attached. In
case if no standard search help exist than you can always create your own
search help and attach it with the field in the structure.

b) we can do this by using list box.like what v use in vrm_text.this function code
help us to automatically insert rest of value.

64. Difference between value table and view table?

a) Value table is nothing but primary key table

View table is foregn key table

b) For data hiding to users from the data table we use views. Views store only
a particular query.Whenever we call that view it executes that query only. It does
not store any data.We can also get some attributes of a table as view.
65. What is different between The Range and Selection Screen?

a) Ranges and Selection-Options are technically having the same structure. But
the difference is select-options get displayed on the selection-screen, where user
can input range of values but ranges have to be assigned with in the program.

Ranges mainly used when you call some other program by using SUBMIT
statement. When you call a program dynamically you should supply selection
parameters to that program. So suppose if the called program is having select-
options then you can pass ranges of the calling program.

b) In range we will not get the selection screen.

In select-option will generate selection screen

66. How we format the data before before write statement in report

we can format the reports output by using the loop events like:

1. at first

2. at new

3.at last

Etc check docu

b) First, create a variable say d like DATA D LIKE SY-DATUM. Then assign the
date to D likeD = 'YYYYMMDD'.

67. What is the difference between transparent table and pooled table?

a) Pooled table is a group of related logical tables. An important difference

between transparent table and the pool table is that you cannot create secondary
indices on pool table

b) Transparent table: where the master data is stored, and which data has no
frequent changes .ex: KNA1, MARA, LFA1 etc.

we can have INCLUDE AND APPEND structure in transparent table.

Pooled table: it is linear search, where data has changed frequently, it cannot
have foreign key relationship, and we cannot INCLUDE AND APPEND structure.

c) Tables are 3 types

1. Transparent

2. Clustered

3. Pooled

TRANSPARENT tables:

Table Structure in the ABAP dictionary is same as the table structure in the
database. And 90% of the SAP tables are TRANSPARENT tables.

CLUSTERED tables & POOLED tables:

There is a layer (CLUSTER LAYER) in the database server to process the

incoming requests from the application server, so that database server just
supplies the data instead of processing & then supplying, so
that PERFORMANCE
will increase, there its called as a LOGICAL DATA also.

CLUSTER TABLE follows BINARY search.

POOLED TABLE follows LINEAR search.

68. How to access data from two internal table using join condition

a) if suppose we have

begin of i_kna1 occurs 0,

kunnr like kna1-kunnr,

Name1 like kna1-name1,

Vbeln like vbak-vbeln,

Erdat like vbak-erdat,

End of i_kna1.

Select kna1~kunnr kna1~name1 vbak~vbeln vbak~erdat into table i_kna1 from

kna1 join vbak on kna1~kunnr = vbak~kunnr.

b) use for all entries & inner join

68. What is difference between value table and check table?

Check table is the referenced table, that means it is the parent table.

Value table is the subset of the check table

69. How one Report Call another Report in Abap Editor?

a) First create a tcode in se93 for Ur report program and then use call transaction
<tcode>.

b) Using submit statement we can call another report program in abap editor

c) Syntax:

Call<prog1>.

By this u can call one report

70) What is the differrence between structure and table in data dictionary in
ABAP?

Structure in a program used for dynamic memory allocation.

Structure contain only fields i did not have any physical data but in table it have

a) Structure and table both are 2/2 matrices but there are many differences
between table and structure.

1. Table can store the data physically but a structure dose not store.
2. Table can have primary key but a structure dose not have.
3. Table can have the technical attribute but a structure dose not have.

b) A structure is a series of fields grouped together under a common name. it is

very similar to a table.

1. A structure doesn’t have an associated database table.

2. A structure doesn’t have a primary key

3. A structure doesn’t have technical attributes.

Structure follow the same naming convention as transparent tables, and you can
not have a table and structure of the same name.
71. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using views in ABAP
programming?

Advantages:

View is used to retrieve the data very fastly from the database tables

*memory wastage is reduced

*faster than joins to retrieve the data from database tables

Disadvantages:

view is not a container, it will not hold the data

*view memory is not permanent memory

72. Which transaction code can I used to analyze the performance of ABAP
program?

SE30 runtime analysis

ST05 Performance trace

73. How to create client independent tables

a) Client independent tables:

the table in which the first field is not mandt is the client independent tables

*mandt is the field with mandt as the data element

*automatically client which we login is populated to mandt

b.) Do not use the MANDT field of type MANDT in your table

74. Can we create field without data element and how?

a) Yes, we can create a field without data element by defining a data type for that
field as we require

b) Yes we can create field without data element, make it as direct type or Built-
in Type
75) What is the typical structure of an ABAP/4 program?

Structure of ABAP/4 program is ,

1. Declaration
2. Dialog Module
3. Event Block
4. Procedure

76) What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?

a) Steps to create database tables

1. go to se11

2. Give name the database table

3. Give short description for the table

4. Give delivery class name as A and data browser / table view maint as
Display/maintenance allowed

5. Select fields tab

6. Give field name data type (user defined element type/built-in-type), short text

7. Select technical settings tab, give data class as appl0 and size category as 0

7. Save it

8. Go utilities menu click table contents select create and enter the field values
then select display in table contents and u can view the table values with field
lables

b) Bottom to top approach:

_________________________

Step 1:

Creating a domain:

*se11, select the object type as domain, name it, create, description, enter the
datatype and length(size),save ,activate
step2:

Creating a data element;

se11,select the object type as :date element,name it ,create,desc,assign it with a

domain what we created now,save,activate it.

step3:

Creating a table;

se11, select the object type as table, name it, create,

enter the field name and assign it with the data element instead of assigning a
datatype to it,

like this create req fields:

on behalf of this:

table maintenance:

assign the type of the table ie.,A C G L S

NEXT

maintaince:

allowed,not allowed ,allowed with restricions

______________________________________________

Fields of a table:(as descripted above)

___________________________________________

Technical settings:

A0

OR

A1

AND BUFFERED OR NON-BUFFERED

77) What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP
programs?

Using a structure, user can add fields to the existing SAP database tables.
Using .INCLUDE and .APPEND statements structures can be added to the
database tables. Creating structures with in a structure is also possible. User can
add maximum 9 structures to a database table.

b) Structures:

Using structures, we can retrieve the data from the database tables if it is having
the same structure like database table structure

*it can hold var's of different data types

*we can create objects containing diff types of attributes

*even we can insert the data into the database tables if it is having the same
structure

78) What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?

If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not
append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area to
the contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry.

79. Select option work like _____________on Selection Screen ?

SELECT-OPTIONS : IS USED TO CREATE RANGE FOR A INPUT FIELD

select-option is used to set a range so as to get the records specified in the

range from a particular database table .

The system treats select-options like an internal table.

This table will have four columns - sign high low and option. This is used to set
teh attributes on the select

80) What is Field symbol?

FIELD SYMBOLS ARE JUST LIKE POINTERS BUT THEY WILL NOT HOLD
ANY ADDRESS BUT INSTEAD THEY ARE POINTING TO THE ANOTHER
FIELD VALUE

Field symbols r dynamic allocation of memory.

You can use field symbols to make the program more dynamic. In this exanmple
the name of a table control is substituted
by a field symbol. Thus you cal call the form with any internal table, using the
name of the table control as a parameter.

Example

form insert_row
using p_tc_name.

field-symbols <tc> type cxtab_control. "Table control

assign (p_tc_name) to <tc>.

* insert 100 lines in table control

<tc>-lines = 100.

81. What transactions do you use for data analysis?

se16

se80, se11

82. What is the difference between SAP memory and ABAP MEMORY?

We can pass data b/w sessions or b/w progs by using sap memory. SET
PARAMETER OR GET PARAMETER are the statements that r used to read or
write the data from memory.

In abap memory we can only pass the data b/w programs. Here we use EXPORT
OR IMPORT statements to read or write data from the memory.

b) Sap memory is a global memory whereas abap memory is local memory.

For example, we have four programs in abap memory and assigned some
variables to a particular program in abap memory then those variables can't be
used by any other program in abap memory i.e., the variables are only for that
program and also local to that memory, whereas sap memory can access all the
abap memory or else it can perform any kind of modifications.
83. In events start-of-selection is default event. When we have to use this
event explicitly? Why?

The default event in the ABAP is Start-of-selection. We have to call explicitly this
event when you are writing other than this event A , that is when you write ATÂ
SELECTION-SCREEN EVENTS OR INITIALIZATION EVENT etc, you have to
explicitly mention the Start-of-selection event while you are writing the logic.

Before these events called, all the code you have written come into this default
Start-of-selection screen event.