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Comparison Table between Christianity, Islam and Judaism Page 1 of 3

Comparison Table
A table showing the differences and similarities between Christianity, Islam and Judaism.

Comparison Table between Christianity, Islam and Judaism:


This section looks at some of the differences and similarities between the three great monotheistic
faiths: Christianity, Islam and Judaism.

Topic Christianity Islam Judaism


Origin of the Name From the Greek:christos, Derived from an Arabic From the Hebrew:Yehudim,
'Anointed' - referring to Jesus word for 'submission'. Also 'Judah'.
Christ. related to the Arabic word
salaam, 'peace'.
Founder Jesus Christ Mohammed Abraham (First Patriarch,
(c. 4 B.C. - 30 A.D.) (570 - 632 A.D.) born c. 1800 B.C.)
Divisions Three main groups: Two main groups: Sunni and Several divisions, including
Orthodox, Protestant and Shia (The division occured Hasidic, Conservative and
Roman Catholic. due to a dispute as to the Reform Judaism. Ethnic
legitimate successor of the groupings include Ashkenazi
prophet Mohammed). There (The majority) and Sephardi
is also a mystical/ascetic Jews.
movement in Islam known as
Sufi.
Followers 2,100 Million 1,300 Million 14 Million
(2006 Estimate)
Nature of God One God, who exists in three One God (Arabic: Allah), One God (known in English
distinct persons (The who is not a trinity. The as 'Yahweh' or 'Jehovah') -
Trinity): Father, Son and Islamic view of God is called "...Hear Israel, the Lord is
Holy Spirit (Matthew 28:19). strict Monotheism (Quran our God, the Lord is
112:1). one." (Deuteronomy 6:4).
Holy Book(s) The Bible (from the The Quran or Koran (Arabic: The Hebrew Tanakh, similar
Greek:Biblos, 'books'), given 'recitation'), revealed to the to the Christian Old
by God to man. The Bible prophet Mohammed over a Testament, comprised of the
writers were inspired by God period of about 20 years. The Torah (Hebrew: 'Law'),
in their writings. Thus Quran is the final revelation Nevi'im ('Prophets') and
Christians refer to the Bible given by Allah to mankind. Ketuvim ('Writings').
as the Word of God (2
Timothy 3:16).
Jesus Christ The second person of the A prophet, sent by Allah and An ordinary Jew, not the
Trinity: "...true God from born of the Virgin Mary, but Messiah nor a divine person.
true God" (Nicene Creed), not divine (Quran 5:17).
and born of the Virgin Mary.
Jesus Christ, The Mission To reconcile Man to God, To proclaim the Injil, or As Judaism rejects the idea
of through his death as a gospel. This gospel has been of Jesus as Messiah, his
sacrifice for the sins of all corrupted over time by mission is of no relevance.
mankind. human additions and
alterations.

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Jesus Christ, The Death of "...For our sake he was Jesus was not crucified Jesus was crucified for his
crucified...he suffered death (Quran 4:157), but was claim to be divine.
and was buried. On the third raised to Heaven by Allah
day he rose again...he (4:158).
ascended into
heaven..."(Nicene Creed)
Holy Spirit The third person of the Identical with the Angel Not a distinct person, but a
Trinity, truly divine: "....with Gabriel, who appeared to the divine power which for
the Father and the Son he is Prophet Mohammed giving example, was given to the
worshipped and him the Quranic text. Prophets.
glorified." (Nicene Creed)
Other Traditions The writings of the early The Hadith, a collection of The Talmud, an oral tradition
church fathers and traditions/sayings of the explaining and interpreting
ecumenical councils, Prophet Mohammed. The the Tanakh. It includes the
including the Creeds. Hadith functions as a Mishnah - a code of Jewish
supplement to the Quran, law.
giving guidance to Muslims
for daily living.
Examples of Rituals The Sacraments, including Five important rituals Rituals include the
Baptism and Holy (known as the pillars of Circumcision of newly born
Communion(Eucharist). In Islam): Jewish males, Barmitzvah - a
Orthodoxy and Roman 1. Shahadah - A profession ceremony marking the
Catholicism, five more are of faith. 'coming of age' of Jewish
added, viz: Confirmation 2. Salat - Prayer five times Boys and observation of the
(Chrismation), Marriage, daily. Sabbath (Shabat). As in the
Penance, Holy Orders and 3. Zakat - alms giving. other faiths, prayer is
Anointing of the sick. 4. Sawm - Fasting during the important. The Jewish prayer
Prayer is also an important Holy month of Ramadan. book is called the siddur.
part of the faith. 5. Hajj - Pilgrimage to the
Holy city of Mecca.
Sin We inherit a sinful nature There is no concept of Judaism rejects the doctrine
through our common original sin, nor vicarious of orginal sin. Atonement for
ancestor Adam, who rebelled atonement. All Humans are sins commited is made
against God. Jesus Christ born sinless, but human through seeking forgiveness
atoned for our sins through weakness leads to sin. from God in prayer and
his death on the Cross repentance. In addition, the
(Romans 5:12-17). day of atonement (Yom
Kippur) is set aside specially
for this purpose.
Salvation By grace through faith in Achieved through good Through good works,
Jesus Christ (Ephesians 2:8- works, thus personal prayers and the grace of
9). righteousness must outweigh God. There is no parallel to
personal sin (Quran 23:101- the Christian view of
103). substitutionary atonement.
Hell A place of everlasting A place of torment and fire Tradtionally, there is the
punishment for the (Quran 25:65, 104:6-7). In concept of Gehinnom or
unrighteous (Matthew Islam, Hell is known as Gehenna - those who die in
25:46). There is no crossover Jahannam. Jahannam has sin may suffer temporary
between Heaven and Hell. several levels and a person punishment, but certain sins
may not necessarily spend merit eternal punishment.
eternity there. However, Judaism's ideas of
the afterlife have varied
widely among different
groups and in different time
periods. For the most part,
Judaism doesn't emphasize
the afterlife.
Topic Christianity Islam Judaism

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Please also visit the Comparison between Orthodoxy, Protestantism & Roman Catholicism page.

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Page last updated: 06/06/10

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