[Hashimoto Shinkichi Sensei categorization method regarding "part of speech" (橋本進吉の品

by Nihongo Kyoushitsu on Sunday, 23 January 2011 at 20:37

Please read first my notes
１－[ 日本語の品詞（Ｊａｐａｎｅｓｅ　Ｌａｎｇａｕｇｅ　”Ｐａｒｔ　ｏｆ　ｓｐｅｅｃｈ”）]
２－[Hashimoto Shinkichi Sensei categorization method regarding "part of speech" (橋本進吉の

品詞 is divided into
１－自立語(jiritsugo).
２－付属語(fuzokugo).
2 will be explained later.

============
自立語（じりつご）：-
============
＊自立語（じりつご）：－is a word capable of building a bunsetsu by it self. remember that
ear meaning and a grammatical function), which means only 自立語 can fulfill these condit
ions.
part of speech that is considered to be a 自立語 are:-

A- 名詞（めいし、Noun）.
B- 動詞（どうし、Ｖｅｒｂ）：Verb is a word or phrase that describes an action, condition o
verb classifications are many. I'll introduce you to the most commonly used verb
classification in Japan.

Japanese Verb Classification Based on Conjugation

[ Universal Rule (applies to most languages): Verb conjugation requires changing

in form either partially or completely ]
verb conjugation reasons differ from Language to language. in English, we conjug
ate to show tense (go => gone), to form gerund (go => going) used in present & p
ast continuous etc of reasons. since the Japanese language values the predicate
far more than the subject, you can consider verb conjugation as an engine modifi
cation (engine = verb). you can modify your engine to accomplish various tasks u
sing various modifiers and upgrades. this is how Japanese language works. Japane
se language verb & Conjugation both are very much LIKE AN ENGINE THAT YOU KEEP M
ODIFYING BASED ON THE TASK YOU WANT IT TO ACCOMPLISH.
in Japanese language, conjugation depends on the type of verb.
Verb types in Japanese regarding conjugation:-
(1) 上一段活用 (lets call it iru-verbs)：verbs that end with iru ( i + deletable ru , delet
means that ru within iru can be deleted or replaced ).

* All Japanese verbs are composed of Stem + Deletable ( Replaceable ) part

Stem is the part that will never change during any conjugation.it can be found i
n both verbs and adjectives (and even in auxiliary verbs and adjectives ＝＞助動詞). Stem m
y functions as a " A MULTI-USE BODY". meaning, you can create various types of "
part of speech" just by adding specific type of endings to the stem. by doing so
we can obtain a verb, an adjective, a noun and likewise.
ex:-
ほし　+ 　い ＝　ほしい（欲しい）　＝＞い - Adjective
ほし　+　む ＝　ほしむ（欲しむ）　＝＞Verb

to the stem of iru-verbs, we add 「る」 to obtain its Dictionary Form .

in English, conjugation generally effects only verb end (praise => praised) with
some irregularities (go => went). but in Japanese, conjugation should always ef
fect only verb end.

in the case of iru-verbs, Stem + Deletable parts are as the following:

見る ＝みる ＝Miru ＝Mi + ru　 ＝ Mi (Stem) + ru (deletable)
着る ＝ きる ＝Kiru　 ＝Ki + ru　 ＝ Ki (Stem) + ru (deletable)
借りる＝かりる＝Kariru＝ Kari + ru ＝ Kari (Stem) + ru (deletable)

(2) 下一段活用 (lets call it eru-verbs)：

eru-verbs are verbs that end with eru. " e " is a included within the stem while
" ru " is the deletable/replaceable part.

Stem + Deletable ( Replaceable ) parts within eru-verbs:

食べる ＝たべる ＝Taberu ＝Tabe + ru＝ Tabe (Stem) + ru (deletable)
呉れる＝くれる ＝Kureru ＝Kure + ru　 ＝ Kure (Stem) + ru (deletable)
支える＝ささえる＝Sasaeru＝Sasae +ru＝Sasae (Stem)+ ru (deletable)

(3) 五段活用 (lets call it u-verbs)：

u-verbs are verbs that end with (3a), (3b) or (3c). the only replaceable part is
" u " (as a contrast, in both iru & eru verbs the replaceable/deletable part is
ru):-

(3a) any consonant else r (k,s,ts,m,n,b ....) + " u (the only replaceable part bu
t not deletable).
ex:-
勝（か）つ = katsu = kats + u
学（まな）ぶ= manabu = manab + u
書（か）く = kaku = kak + u

(3b) " ru " but what precedes it is neither " e " nor " i ". u is still the on
ly replaceable part.
ex:- 降（ふ）る = furu = fu + ru

(3c) " iru " or " eru ". but still the only replaceable part is " u ".
ex:- here bold letters are the only replaceable part.
帰（かえ）る = kaeru
切（き）る = kiru

(4) irregular Japanese verbs, namely する（suru） & くる（kuru）.

non of the laws above apply to these 2 verbs but I'll provide later enough infor
mation about their conjugation.

Next, I'll teach you how to conjugate each verb type

From Udai with respect. d(* ▽ *)b
Beginners Book:-
http://www.amazon.com/Japanese-Grammar-Carol-Akiyama/dp/0812046439/ref=sr_1_1?ie
=UTF8&qid=1295785962&sr=8-1