UNIVERSITATEA TEHNICĂ A MOLDOVEI

ENGLISH
FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Chișinău
2018
0
UNIVERSITATEA TEHNICĂ A MOLDOVEI
DEPARTAMENTUL LIMBI STRĂINE

ENGLISH
FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Chișinău
Editura „Tehnica-UTM”
2018
1
 CZU 811.111(076.5)   
H 40

Elaborarea metodică este destinată studenților Facultății Inginerie

Mecanică, Industrială şi Transporturi UTM, răspunzând pregnant necesităților de
predare a limbii engleze - limbaj specializat.
Lucrarea cuprinde 6 unități. Fiecare unitate de curs constituie produsul unui
studiu în vederea dezvoltării armonioase a celor 4 competențe lingvistice:
Reading, Speaking, Writing și Listening.
Putem consemna:
- actualitatea subiectelor exploatate în toate 6 unități;
- vocabularul tematic este introdus utilizând texte, diagrame, tabele;
- varietatea activităților ce permit studentului să practice limbajul specializat și să
amelioreze cunoștințele în domeniul mecanicii.
Documentul scris încorporează informații actuale de interes comun, susceptibile
a fi sintetizate și reproduse în cadrul exercițiului de producție orală.
Activitățile de comunicare, ce însoțesc documentul scris, poartă un caracter
edificator, contribuind în mod progresiv la elaborarea discursului în context
specializat.
Sarcinile sunt formulate clar și laconic, concentrând atenția studentului asupra
fixării terminologiei și valorizând, în particular, aspectul comunicării orale.
Lucrarea se caracterizează prin coeziune, informație pertinentă, transparență în
realizarea obiectivelor didactice și perspective clare de dezvoltare în continuare a
tematicilor abordate.
Elaborarea dată poate fi folosită atât pentru studierea limbii engleze specializate
în clasă cât și individual.

Autori : Alina Havric, Lilia Burdila

Recenzent: conf. univ., dr. Svetlana Caterenciuc

DESCRIEREA CIP A CAMEREI NAȚIONALE A CĂRȚII

Havric, Alina.
English for mechanical engineering / Alina Havric, Lilia
Burdila ; Univ. Tehn. a Moldovei, Dep. Lb. Străine. – Chişinău :
Tehnica-UTM, 2018. – 77 p. : fig., tab.
Aut. sunt indicaţi pe vs. f. de tit. – Referinţe bibliogr.: p. 74 (9
tit.). – 50 ex.
ISBN 978-9975-45-551-0.
811.111(076.5)   
H 40
ISBN 978-9975-45-551-0 © U.T.M., 2018

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Unit I: TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MOLDOVA

READING: General information about TUM

VOCABULARY: University staff-related words
SPEAKING: Dialogues on various situations at university
WRITING: Why did you choose to be a student at TUM?
EXTRA READING: Mind the Gap

Warm up:
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Why did you decide to become an engineer?
What were the reasons to choose the TUM?
Are there any engineers in your family, parents, grandparents?
Did they study at TUM?

READING:

TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MOLDOVA

 
Technical University of Moldova (TUM) is the only higher
technical educational institution in our country, accredited by the
state. Since its foundation in 1964, it has trained more than 66600
engineers and economists.
TUM has 9 faculties: "Power and Electrical Engineering",
"Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Transport", "Computers,
Informatics and Microelectronics", "Engineering and Management
in Electronics and Telecommunications", " Food Technology",
"Textile Industry", "Cadaster, Geodesy and Constructions",
"Urbanism and Architecture", "Economic Engineering and
Business". Within the Faculty of Engineering and Management in
Machine Building, there is the Technical College. There are also 9
technical colleges affiliated to TUM.
The training of those about 10390 students at the full time and part
time sections is supervised by a teaching staff of 750 people, two
thirds of them having scientific degrees of Academician, Professor,
Associate Professor, Doctor of Science, and Doctor of Philosophy.
TUM offers courses at about 64 specialties and specializations -
cycle I (License), 62 - cycle II (Master) and 63 - Doctorate,
preparing engineers for almost all branches of the national
economy. 
University studies at TUM are organized on the basis of the
European system of transferable academic credits (ECTS). This
system permits the diplomas to be compatible with those of the

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European countries. As a result, the students and the specialists
have the possibility to activate in the European area.
In order to cope with the demands of the market economy TUM
modernized the conception of training of engineers by completing
the list of subjects with some economic-managerial subjects and by
teaching foreign languages (English, French or German). The
economic-managerial subjects help the engineer to begin his own
business. About 75 per cent of those 60 000 businessmen from
Chisinau are TUM's graduates.
There are also some sections at TUM with special groups where all
the subjects are taught in a foreign language. Within the Faculty of
Computers, Informatics and Microelectronics there is
the Francophone Department "Informatics" and the
Anglophone Department "Computer Sciences and Electronics".
Within the Faculty of Technology and Management in Food
Industry, there is the Francophone Department "Food
Technologies". The students from these sections attend linguistic
and specialized courses in USA, France, Canada, Germany, etc.
Many of them write their graduation paper; the best students
continue Master's degree and PhD postgraduate courses in these
countries.
TUM's students do their practice at state and private enterprises in
our country, according to the bilateral contracts. Each year hundreds
of TUM's students do their practice in other countries TUM
cooperates with: Romania, Russia, Ukraine, France, Italy,
Germany, USA, Canada, England (UK), the Czech Republic,
Turkey, Belgium, Slovakia, etc.
Scientific investigations are an important part of the university
activity. Students also take active part in scientific investigations,
improving their knowledge.
TUM always wins the first places at the "Infoinvent" exhibitions,
organized every year in our country, as well as at the international
exhibitions. During the last years TUM obtained more than 30
golden medals, as well as silver and bronze ones, being mentioned
for many times.
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TUM cooperates with more than 75 universities and scientific
centers from different countries. Regularly there are organized
international scientific conferences and symposiums.
TUM is a member of the Universities' Network of the Black Sea
Region, which consists of 11 countries of the Regional Economic
Cooperation. Therefore, TUM is included in a university area,
which will become the unique university area of the whole Europe.
Sport and artistic activities have an important role in the
university life, too. The factors that contribute to the development
of sport are increasing year by year: modern sports grounds, and
sports gyms are being built; students are trained by the best
specialists. TUM participates in all the 18 sport competitions of the
republican students' sports competition and always wins the first
places.
There are also artistic groups at TUM. TUM's Fanfare is on the
second place after the Presidential Fanfare of the Republic of
Moldova. In conclusion, it can be mentioned that during the 4-5
years of university studies at TUM students can get knowledge,
according to the highest standards. TUM's graduates are involved in
all branches of the national economy; they contribute to the
completion of the administrative structures of our country.

Answer the following questions:

1. When was TUM founded?

2. How many faculties are there at TUM?
3. How many specialities and specializations are there at nine
faculties?
4. What does the European system of transferable academic
credits offer to the graduates of TUM?
5. What extra activities are there available at university?
6. Where can undergraduate students do their practice while
studying at TUM?
7. How important is TUM for the country?
8. How many countries does TUM cooperate with?
VOCABULARY:
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Ex.:1. Focus on Vocabulary:

Higher education - education at a college or university

Undergraduate student, studies - a student who
is studying for their first university degree (license)
Academic degree - is a qualification awarded to students upon
successful completion of a course of study in higher education,
normally at a college or university. 
Alternative education: e-learning, long-distance learning-
encompasses many pedagogical approaches differing from
mainstream pedagogy. Such alternative learning environments may
be found within state, charter, and independent schools as well
as home-based learning environments.
Assessment - the evaluation of a student's achievement on a course
Assignment - task
Bilingual education - involves teaching academic content in two
languages, in a native and secondary language with varying
amounts of each language used in accordance with the program
model.
Education reform - changes in education 
Lecture - a formal talk given to a group of people in order to 
teach them about a subject, someone who teaches at
a university or college.
Tuition- money for teaching, fee for teaching
Get a grant - money to pay for living expenses, food, and
accommodation
University courses last - go on, continue for 3 years

University/teaching staff:
Rector, dean, dean’s assistant, vice-dean, lecturer, receptionist,
engineers.

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Ex.: 2. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate
words:
higher education, assignment, lecture, receptionist, dean,
education reform, rector, grant
1. Any student who wishes to review his grades may make an
appointment with the ___________.
2. You can fetch the key for the necessary course room at the
__________.
3. When students are successful at studies they can get a
___________for their tuition.
4. The _________ took me longer than I had expected.
5. It should be clear that the ______ ________ is mandatory in
order to enhance scientific research.
6. The quality of _________ _________ must answer to the highest
international standards.
7. The opening ceremony of every academic year held in the
administrative block of TUM is headed by __________.
8. The ________ is composed of two parts, one theoretical, the
other practical.

Ex.: 3. Read and analyse the information about studying at

University in Moldova
You can normally do /study these subjects at university:
Medicine Law Design Mathematics
Psychology Sociology Engineering Physics
Business Studies Philosophy Ethics Technical Drawing
If you want to go to /enter university, you must first pass
examinations that most students take after graduating from high
school. Most students take 4 exams in four different subjects in
order to get or obtain a place at university, because the places are
limited. At the moment 30% of young adults go to university in
Moldova. If you get a place at university, the tuition is free, if not
you can apply for studies on contract. Some students also get
/receive a grant as well. Students at university are called
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undergraduates while they are studying for their first degree. Most
university courses last 3 or 4 years and one or two specialities eg.
Medicine and Architecture may be even longer. During this period,
students can say that they are doing or studying Engineering, doing
or studying for a degree in engineering. When they finish the course
and pass their examination, they receive a degree (the qualification
when you complete a university course successfully-license degree).
When you complete your first degree, you are a graduate. Some
students then go on to do a second degree, postgraduate degree.
These students are then postgraduates, they get the Master Degree.
Master Degree studies last two years. Eventually, they can apply for
Doctoral studies to get a Doctor Degree. When people study one
subject in great detail, often to find new information, we say they
are conducting /doing/ carrying out research.
At school you have teachers and lessons, at university you have
lecturers and lectures. When a lecturer does/gives a lecture, the
students listen and take/make notes, write down the important
information, but don’t usually say much, except to ask occasional
questions.

Ex.: 4. Read these sentences spoken by university students.

What is each person studying?
1. We have to know every bone in a person΄s body.
2. I΄m concentrating on the modern style and the work of Le
Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright.
3. The way we use fertilizers is much more precise than twenty
years ago.
4. We΄re going to concentrate on Freud and Jung this term.
5. I have been reading some books on time management.
6. Expressionism was really a reaction to the work of the
Impressionists.
7. We΄ve spent a lot of time on American foreign policy and how it
has been affected by various domestic problems.
8. You must know this case - it΄s one of the most famous in legal
history.
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Ex.: 5. What do you call:
1. The money some students receive if they get a place at university.
2. The qualification you get at the end of university (Cycle 1).
3. The status of students who haven’t completed their studies at
university.
4. Teachers at university.
5. Students when they have completed their first degree.
6. Students studying for a second degree.
7. The study of one subject in detail, often to get new information.
8. The talks that students go to while they are at university.
Ex.: 6. Replace the underlined verbs with different verbs that
have the same meaning in the text in ex. 2.
1. Who is giving the lecture today?
2. Did she receive a grant for her course?
3. Is it more difficult to obtain a place at university?
4. You have to pass the exams before you can enter university.
5. He΄s studying physics, I think.
6. I think they΄re carrying out some research into the cause of
asthma.
7. I didn’t take any notes in the lecture yesterday.
8. The course goes on for three years.
SPEAKING:
Ex.: 1. Answer these questions. If possible, compare your
answers with someone else from your own country
and\or someone from a different country.
1. Do you need to pass examinations before you can go to
university?
2. Do some students get a grant to study at university?
3. Is the tuition free if you go to university?
4. Do most students go to university at the age 18 or 19?
5. Do more students go to university or college in your country?
6. Do most degree courses last three years?
7. How many cycles of study does TUM offer to its students?
8. What degree do you get after graduating from university in your
country?
10
Ex.: 2. Do you know that…
Tekwill is built on the belief that to be competitive economically in
the years to come, Moldovan start-ups and innovators must begin
adopting and creating industry-disrupting technology today.
Therefore, this message was coded into our name; "Tek" – for
technology and "will" – for our future. The organization regularly
gathers local and international tech leaders to empower the
development of Moldova's start-up ecosystem by facilitating
results-oriented innovation and collaboration.
Tekwill is where people, community, ideas, resources, science, and
industry meet to identify, facilitate, and enhance excellence in
information technology. Driving the Moldovan ecosystem, as a
leading connecter and networking facilitator, organizing and
supporting local and regional tech-related events.
Tekwill contributes to the economic development of Moldova by
providing:
 World-class education and training facilities, with up to date
curricula, lecturers and laboratories;
 Associated business development assistance;
 Relevant research and development capabilities.
Tekwill is the place where people connect with ideas, resources,
science and industry to enhance excellence in information
technology.
Tekwill brings prestige and influences the tech sector. Tekwill aims
to improve the skills needed within the IT sector, thereby creating
high quality and well-paid jobs, and deterring the emigration of
talented young people. By enabling the tech sector to continue to
grow, Tekwill encourages local start-ups and existing companies to
expand and attract international IT companies to invest in Moldova.
Located in the heart of the Technical University of Moldova
(UTM), Tekwill has a 4,000m² hub that has everything one would

11
ever need for on-going growth, from co-working spaces, tech labs
(IoT, 3D printing) and to various community events.
Tekwill is created with the support of the United States Agency for
International Development (USAID) and the Government of
Sweden through SIDA/Swedish International Development Agency
in the framework of the project "Development of Moldova ICT
Excellence Center" implemented by Moldovan Association of ICT
Companies (ATIC) in partnership with Technical University of
Moldova.

Ex.: 3. Make up three dialogues using the expressions:

I would like……
Could you tell me, please…
Where is..
What documents (papers) are necessary…
Identity card, contract number, faculty, etc..
I would just like to say that..

Situation 1: Student goes to the administration office to ask

about the scholarship (grant).
Situation 2: Students want to get the student card
Situation 3: Students want to get the library card (permission)

WRITING:
Why did you choose to be a student at TUM?
Who inspired you to enter TUM (parents, friends, relatives)?
What do you expect to learn at TUM?

EXTRA READING:
12
Read the text: Mind the Gap

It had been a tough year and Lucy was looking forward to getting
away. Her exams had gone well and she had been accepted into
university, but she knew she needed this gap year. If she didn’t do it
now when would she be able to go? Six long years of medical
school awaited her, so taking a year off to travel before starting her
studies seemed the right thing to do.
Her parents and best friend had seen her off at the airport, her mum
had cried, her dad had given her an extra hundred pounds, and her
friend had threatened never to speak to her again if she didn’t keep
in touch. Lucy promised to email regularly, but knew it might be
difficult at times; she was going to some places off the beaten track
and Internet access would be a problem.
As Lucy sat on the plane waiting for take- off, nervously rolling and
unrolling her boarding pass, she thought about her first destination-
Tanzania, As long as the weather permitted , she would climb Mt.
Kilimanjaro. It would be the start of her amazing year –long
adventure.

Discussion Point
Imagine you’re going to take a gap year. Next year you don’t have
to go to school. You can travel anywhere you like. Money isn’t a
problem, so you can go wherever you like and do whatever you
want. It will be an unforgettable year. Work in pairs and plan your
perfect gap year. Make notes and then tell your groupmates about it.

Unit II: ENGINEERING - WHAT IS IT All ABOUT?

13
READING: Engineering and types of engineering
VOCABULARY: Engineering-related words
SPEAKING: Discuss types of engineering
VIDEO: University of Bath
EXTRA READING: New TESLA Can Drive Itself

Warm up:

14
What things come to your mind when you think about
engineering?
inspiration

Engineering
bridges

buildings

Ex.:1. Give the family words from engineering (verb, noun, adj)

1. Noun_____________
2. Noun_____________
3. Verb______________
4. Adj._______________

Ex.: 2. Fill in the gaps with the missing words:

Engineer (2), engineering (2), to engineer (3)

1. The motor has been ___________ to run noiselessly.

2. I am studying mechanical _____________ at the University of
Plymouth.
2. We need an electrical __________ for this job.
3. Many of European highways were _______________ by W.S.
Atkins.
5. He has ____________ several industrial projects.

15
6. A great deal of ______________ is carried out with the aid of
computers.
7. Mechanical __________ design, create and improve systems and
machinery that are used for domestic, public and industrial
purposes.
8. This is a precision ___________ component, manufactured to the
highest standards.
READING:
Ex.:1. Read the information about Engineering and types of
engineering.
Engineering (from Latin ingenium, meaning "cleverness"
and ingeniare, meaning "to contrive, devise") is the application
of scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge in order
to invent, design, build, maintain, and improve structures, machines,
devices, systems, materials and processes. The discipline of
engineering is extremely broad, and encompasses a range of more
specialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific
emphasis on particular areas of applied science, technology and
types of application.
Engineering is largely a practical activity. It is about putting ideas
into action. Civil engineering is concerned with making bridges,
roads, airports, etc. Mechanical engineering deals with the design
and manufacture of tools and machines. Electrical engineering is
about the generation and distribution of electricity and its many
applications. Electronic engineering is concerned with developing
components and equipment for communications, computing and so
on.
Mechanical engineering includes marine, automobile, aeronautical,
heating and ventilating, and others. Electrical engineering includes
electricity generating, electrical installation, lighting, etc. Mining
and medical engineering belong partly to mechanical and partly to
electrical.

16
VOCABULARY:

Ex.:1. Focus on vocabulary

Underline the vocabulary in the text above:

To maintain structures - to preserve structures.

To encompass - to include, to contain
To emphasise - put stress on, to focus on smth
To generate electricity - to produce, to create
To belong to - to be part of
Emphasis (n) - stress, focus
Put ideas into action - make things work
To be concerned with - be interested in, having to do with
To deal with - take action in order to achieve or to solve a problem,
to cope with
Tools - a piece of equipment you use with your hands
Machines - equipment with several moving parts that uses power.
Devices - on object or apparatus, an instrument invented for a
particular purpose.

Ex.: 2. Fill in the text with the words from ex. 1:

Engineering (from Latin ingenium, meaning "cleverness"

and ingeniare, meaning "to contrive, devise") is the application
of ___________, ______________, social, and practical knowledge
in order to , ___________, build,_____________, and improve
structures, machines, devices, systems, materials
and _____________. The discipline of engineering is extremely
broad, and __________ a range of more specialized _______
_____________, each with a more specific ___________ on
particular areas of applied science, technology and types of
application.
Engineering is largely a practical activity. It is about putting ideas
_____________ __________. Civil engineering is concerned _____

17
making bridges, roads, airports, etc. Mechanical engineering
_________with the design and manufacture of ________ and
machines. Electrical engineering is about the ____________ and
distribution of electricity and its many applications. Electronic
engineering is concerned with developing components and
____________ for communications, computing and so on.
Mechanical engineering includes marine, automobile, aeronautical,
heating and ventilating, and others. Electrical engineering includes
electricity generating, electrical installation, lighting, etc. Mining
and medical engineering __________partly to mechanical and
partly to electrical.

Ex.: 3. Pair work: Complete the diagram using information

from the text about engineering and discuss about it:

Engineering

civil electrical

automobile aeronautical electricity electrical installation

medical

18
SPEAKING:

Ex.:1. Study these illustrations. They show some of the areas in

which engineers work. Can you identify them? What
kinds of engineers are concerned with these areas
electrical, mechanical or both? Discuss about them.

19
Ex.: 2. Read the following passages. Match each text to one of
the illustrations above.
Transport: Cars, ships, and planes are all products of mechanical
engineering. Mechanical engineers are also involved in support
services such as roads, rail tracks, harbors, and bridges.
Food processing: Mechanical engineers design, develop and make
the machines and the processing equipment for harvesting,
preparing and preserving the foods and drinks that fill the
supermarkets.
Medical engineering: Body scanners, X-ray machines, life-support
systems, and other high tech equipment result from medical and
electrical engineers combining with medical experts to convert
ideas into life-saving and life-preserving products.
Building services: Electrical engineers provide all the services we
need in our homes and places of work, including lighting, heating,
ventilation, air-conditioning, refrigeration and lifts.
Energy and power: electrical engineers are concerned with the
production and distribution of electricity to homes, offices, industry,
hospitals, colleges and schools, and the installation and maintenance
of the equipment involved in these processes.
Source: adapted from Tuning ideas into action, Institution
of Mechanical Engineers, and Engineering a career.

20
Language focus:
1. deal with
2. be concerned with
3. be the concern of
Column A lists a branch of engineering or a type of engineer.
Column B lists things they are concerned with. We can show the
link between them in a number of ways using the phrases:
deal with, be concerned with, be the concern of
A B
Mechanical machines
Electrical electricity

Study the examples below:

Mechanical engineering deals with machines.
Mechanical engineers deal with machines.
Mechanical engineering is concerned with machines.
Mechanical engineers are concerned with machines.
Machines are the concern of mechanical engineers.
Ex.: 1. Match each item in column A with an appropriate item
from column B. Make up sentences.
Example: Marine engineering deals with ships.
A B
1. Marine a. air-conditioning
2. Aeronautical b. roads and bridges
3. Heating and ventilation c. body scanners
4. Electricity generating d. cables and switchgear
5. Automobile e. power stations
6. Civil f. communication and equipment
7. Electronic g. ships
8. Electrical installation h. planes
9. Medical i. cars and trucks
21
REVIEW:

Using information from the diagram above and language you

have studied in this unit, fill in the gaps the following
description of different branches of engineering.

The main branches of engineering are civil, ………………. ,

………………. , …………………….. and electronic. Mechanical
engineering is ………………………….
……………………..machinery of all kinds. This branch of
engineering includes …………….., automobile,
………………………, and heating and ventilating. The first three
are concerned with transport: ………………………… , cars and
planes. The last …….. ……with air-conditioning, refrigeration, etc.
Electrical engineering deals with ………….. from generation to
use. Electricity generating is concerned with
……………….stations. Electrical installations deals ……………
cables, switchgear, and connecting up electrical equipment.
Two branches of engineering include both
………….and………………..engineers. These are mining
and…………….. . The former deals with mines and mining
equipment, the latter with hospital………………of all kinds.

VIDEO:
University of Bath

You are going to watch a video on Engineering. Work in groups

and predict what it is going to be about.
Ex.: 1. Watch the Video file about engineering, try to
comprehend the general meaning and discuss about it.
Study the vocabulary from the video file. Match the words to
the meanings.
22
 Encounter (v) to design and build
Engineer (v) finding an answer to problem
Take thing apart completely new
Rely upon (engineering) make better
Work out (v) to meet
Problem solving to separate
Improve(v) smth to solve
Brand new products to depend on
Sewers  mains, system of carrying waste water

Ex.: 2. While you watch

Decide if the statements are T (true) or F (false):

1. Chemical Engineering is engineering you get IPads, computers

and sky TV.
2. Civil engineering is the design of a lot of things we encounter in
our day to day.
3. To be an engineer you do not have to be practical, analytical and
curious.
4. What I really love about engineering is that you apply everything
you learn.

Ex.: 3. After watching.

Complete the summary of the video with the missing words:

Clothes, benefit, computers, design, sewers, systems, drinks,

things apart, materials, energy, rely, encounter, back together,
engineering, IPads.

Engineering can be described as changing the world around us for

our own ……………… There are many different types of
…………………What is electronic engineering? The easiest way to
explain it is that without it you would not have your ……., or
your………………, or your SkyTV. Civil engineering is the

23
………………of a lot of things we …………………….in our day
to day, including bridges, highways, ……………………..and the
buildings we live in. Mechanical engineering is all about
…………………….,how things work and most important how to
take ………………… and put them ………………………………
again. Chemical engineering is all about …………………into
useful products. The …………………….we wear, the food and
……………….. we consume and the energy we use all …….upon
chemical engineering.

Ex.: 4. Discussion point. Work in groups of three.

1. What kinds of skills are necessary to become a successful

engineer?
2. What types of engineering have you found about in the video
clip?
3. Where would you prefer to work after graduation?
4. Have you thought of working in a famous company abroad?
5. Which company would you prefer to work at?

WRITING:
Follow the structures: the thing I love about; what I really love
about and make up sentences of your own about your future
profession.

Examples:
The thing I love about engineering is no two days are the same.
What I really love about engineering is that you apply everything
you learn.

24
EXTRA READING:
New TESLA Can Drive Itself
ELON MUSK WANTS  you to take your hands off the wheel,
foot off the gas, and let him do the driving. Rather, let his cars take
over. Tonight, at a press conference, he announced that every
new Tesla will be fully capable of driving itself. After being
upgraded with a suite of cameras and sensors, Musk says this means
his cars will have the potential for level 5 autonomy–the highest
level, which requires zero interaction from the driver.
The current generation of Tesla’s Autopilot is really just advanced
cruise control. It can keep the car in its own lane, and avoid driving
into the vehicle in front. But try to get off the freeway, let alone
navigate down a honking commercial boulevard, and the autopilot
is back in driver's ed.
Tesla hopes its ghost in the machine will be fully ready by the end
of next year, and the proof will be a cross country road trip. Musk
said he could have a Tesla pick someone up from their home in LA
and drop them off in the bright lights of Times Square, New York–
then park itself. “It will do this without the need for a single touch,
including the charger,” says Musk.
New cars rolling out of Tesla’s Fremont, California, factory will
now have eight cameras–up from just one–for full 360 degree
vision. Tesla has upgraded the ultrasonic sensors around the car's
perimeter, too. And the vehicles have a new computer, boosting the
processing power by a factor of 40. “It’s basically a supercomputer
in a car,” says Musk. And that's in addition to updated GPS, inertial
measurement unit, and other parts of the self-driving central
nervous system. All this will be included in the new, more
affordable, Model 3, too.
/www.wired.com/2016/10/elon-musk-says-every-new-tesla-can-drive/

Work in pairs:
1. How can TESLA drive itself?
2. Talk about advantages and disadvantages of Tesla.
25
UNIT III: GREATEST ENGINEERING ACHIEVEMENTS

READING: Codes and Standards

VOCABULARY: Mechanics-related words
LISTENING: Greatest Achievements of the 20th Century
SPEAKING: Advantages and disadvantages of the car
and household appliances
WRITING: Research on one of the greatest
achievements
EXTRA READING: Predictions that Came True …or Didn’t

26
Warm up:
What are the greatest engineering achievements of all times?

27
Ex.: 1. Analyze the GREATEST ACHIEVEMENTS OF
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING OF THE 20th CENTURY.
1. AUTOMOBILE
2. THE APOLLO MISSIONS TO THE MOON.
3. POWER GENERATION
4. AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION
5. AEROPLANE
6. THE INTERNET
7. REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
8. CAD and CAM
9. BIOENGINEERING
10. CODES AND STANDARDS

Ex.: 2. Work in groups of 3 or 4 to discuss how these

achievements changed human life.

READING:

Codes and standards

What is the first concern of any engineer? At one time, perhaps, the
answer to this question was: to solve a problem or to improve an
existing machine, or even to make more money. Nowadays,
however, the answer is simple. The first concern is safety. This
concern has led to the introduction of worldwide codes and
standards for the manufacture and maintenance of machines.
Machinery of all kinds has certainly made the world a more
dangerous place. Hundreds of people are at risk from the cash of a
jumbo jet, or the explosion of a power station. At one time, of
course, engineers did not know how to make a machine safe. But as
they began to understand the science behind the behaviour of metals
and other materials, engineers started to construct codes of
manufacturing and standards to which machines must be built.
The steam engine was one of the first machines which aroused
interest in safety standards. The danger of steam under pressure was
recognized very early in the history of the machine. Denis Papin, a
28
French mathematician, designed the first safety valve for boilers in
1679. But safety valves sometimes failed and explosions were quite
common.
The steam engine works on a very simple scientific principle. When
you heat water in vessel, the molecules expand, until, at a certain
temperature, the liquid turns into a gas. This gas needs a greater
space than the same volume of liquid. If the vessel is sealed, the gas
cannot occupy a greater volume, so the pressure increases.
At first, engineers tried to avoid the problem by only working with
low-pressure steam. The first practical low-pressure engine was
built by Thomas Newcomen, an English inventor, in 1712. It was
used to pump water out of a coal mine. The invention helped to
spark the Industrial Revolution, the time of fast progress in
mechanization of agriculture and the textile industry.
James Watt improved the efficiency of the engine. His first patent,
in 1769, included oil lubrication, and insulation of the cylinder to
maintain the high temperature needed for efficient operation.
Further improvements were made in the 1830s by a man called
Jacob Perkins. His boiler could produce 1,400 pounds per square
inch (psi).The normal pressure of the air around us, atmospheric
pressure, is 14.7 psi.
However, as the boilers used higher temperatures and developed
higher pressures, the dangers rose. In 1854, an explosion in England
killed ten people. On 30th July, 1870, the boiler of the Staten Island
ferry in New York City exploded, killing 62 people. It was time for
mechanical engineers to act.
In 1882, a new law on boiler safety was passed in the UK. As a
result, the number of deaths from boiler accidents fell from 35 in
1883 to 14 in 1905. However, there was no similar legislation in the
same period. Finally, in 1914, the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME) produced the Boiler Safety Code.
The boiler code was only the start. Over the next 80 years, the
ASME produced codes in all areas of mechanical engineering,
including safety standards for cranes, industrial ladders, elevators,
machinery shafts, liquid fuels and incinerators for hazardous
medical waste.
29
Codes and standards in engineering are often unknown to the
general public. However, they are fundamental to the safety of
manufactured products and they have led to a safer world.
Source: English for Mechanical Engineering in Higher Education Studies, p.19

VOCABULARY:
Machine, n – a piece of equipment that uses power to do a job, a
welding machine. Ex.: We weld the metal by machine.
Machine, v – to make or change something using a machine.
Machinist, n – thejob of a machinist.
Machinery, n – machines, especially large ones: industrial
machinery.
Mechanic, n – someone who repairs vehicles a machinery as a job.
Mechanical, adj. – 1. relating to machines: mechanical engineering,
2. saying or doing something without thinking: a
mechanical answer.
Mechanics, n – the science of the effects of forces on objects:
1. The mechanics of materials is studied in the first year.
2. The technical aspects of something: the mechanics of speech
Mechanism, n – 1.The part of a machine that does a specific job:
the braking mechanism.
2. A way of working or a process for doing
something: There is a mechanism for monitoring
the pressure in the boiler.
Mechanize (or – ise) – to convert a process so that machines can do
it: We mechanized the assembly line.
Mechanized, adj. – done by machines: mechanized processes
To spark, v – to ignite, to generate motion
Shafts, n – revolve rod that transmits power or motion, rotating
mechanism. Ex.: camshaft, crankshaft
Weld, v – join together by heating metals, Ex.: weld metal

Ex.: 1. Fill in the gaps with the words from the Vocabulary.

30
1. We ________________ the metal by machine.
2. The ________________of materials is studied in the first year.
3. There is a________________for monitoring the pressure in the
boiler.
4. We ________________ the assembly line.
5. The firm decided to do away with the old ________.
6. Soon after graduating from trade school, he was taken on as
a________________at the local automobile plant.
7. ________________ power replaced manual labour.
8. You really ought to change your ____________ plugs.
9. This ____________ links with a piston.

Ex.: 2.Completethe table with the missing words and memorise:

Verb noun Noun(person) adjective

welding
To machine …………………
Mechanism/ Mechanical/

Ex.: 3. Work in pairs. Answer the questions on the text:

1. What is the concern of any engineer?

2. What makes the world a more dangerous place?
3. What made engineers construct codes and standards?
4. When and who designed the first safety valve for boilers?
5. Explain the scientific principle of the steam engine.
6. Who built the first low-pressure engine and when?
7. What is the contribution of two great engineers, James Watt
and Jacob Perkins?
8. What accidents influenced Mechanical Engineering to develop?
9. What does ASME stand for and what is its aim?
10. How important are Codes and Standards?
Ex.: 4. Comprehension check. Correct the wrong sentences:

31
1. The first concern of any engineer is money.
2. Machinery has made the world a safer place.
3. The steam engine works on a very complex scientific principle.
4. Low- pressure steam engine did not help to spark the industrial
revolution.
5. As the boilers used higher temperatures and developed higher
pressures, the dangers decreased.

LISTENING:
Listen to (/www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LDwYBuz_o) and
write down what the greatest achievements of the 20th century
are:
The National Academy of Engineering of the USA published ways
of innovation of the 20th century:

SPEAKING:

Work in groups. Choose from the list on the cover page two
achievements and analyse their benefits and drawbacks. Give as
many examples as you know. Reason your point of view.
WRITING:
Ex.: 1. Do some research into one of the engineering
achievements of the 20th Century. Make notes to answer
these questions:
1.
What is the engineering achievement?
2.
What problem did people face in this area?
3.
What was the turning point in solving the problem?
4.
How did the solution change human life?
5.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the
achievement?
EXTRA READING:
32
Read the text about Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison
Prediction That Came True …….. or Didn’t
In 1911, inventor Thomas Edison made a series of predictions as to
how technology would transform the world. If only he were alive
today to see which ones he got right and which ones he got wrong.
Let’s take a look at a few of his prophecies.
A
Edison was positive that in the years to come, machinery would
take over manual labour. He even realized that when this revolution
in industry took place, certain jobs would disappear. ‘The day of the
seamstress, wearily running her seam, is almost ended,’ he
predicted. There may well be times when seamstresses wish robots
could do their jobs for them, but for the time being sewing
machines are still operated by human hands.
In other industries this is not the case, however. The car industry
wouldn’t be able to produce cars at the rate it does today if it wasn’t
for technological developments. The mundane jobs on production
lines for cars these days are performed by robots rather than
humans. But it’s not all good news as we’ve now reached the stage
where our economies no longer fully employ people as the use of
automated machinery has proved more cost effective.
B
Among Edison’s misses was the prediction that books of the future
would be made of nickel. According to the inventor, if paper was
replaced by nickel, books would be made of a cheaper, stronger and
more flexible material. Never could he have imagined that, thanks
to digital revolution, books as he knew them would give way to e-
books. In today’s world, reading is still a popular activity. However,
readers are more likely to curl up with their state-of-the-art iReader
or Kindle than with their favourite hardback.
C

33
Ones of Edison’s own inventions was the long Kiln, which
revolutionized the cement industry. If his kiln hadn’t been invented,
modern constructions would be very different to what it is today.
Way back in 1911, he claimed that ‘men are lunatics; to keep
building with bricks and steel, rather than concrete and steel bars.
To his mind, reinforced concrete would allow building to practically
stand forever and would be widely used in constructing all types of
buildings from mansions to skyscrapers. His prediction came true –
but was short-lived. Skyscrapers built in the 1920s were largely of
WWII, architects have preferred to construct tall buildings with
steel frames and glass.
D
If Edison’s predictions about household furniture had come true,
then today we’d all furnish our homes using steel because it is
lighter and cheaper than wood. Edison felt that wooden furniture
would be completely replaced with steel furniture. ‘The babies of
the next generation will sit in steel high-chairs and eat from steel
tables,’ Edison said. They will not know what wooden furniture is.
Although wood is not widely used today as it was in the past, glass,
MDF and plastic have become more popular alternatives than steel
in furniture making.
E
One of Edison’s most interesting forecasts concerned poverty. In
1911, he proclaimed, ‘there will be no poverty in the world a
hundred years from now.’ He supported this view by saying that
‘Poverty was for a world that used only its hands.’ As a firm
believer in the power of the brain and technological progress to
transform the human condition, he was certain that poverty would
be done away within the near future. If only this were the case!
F
When it came to flying, Edison was spot on. Although his
understanding of artificial flight was limited, he informed himself
by observing nature – in particular, the agility of the bumblebee.
Eight years after the Wright brothers’ triumphant first flight in a

34
flying machine, Edison guessed that in the future such machines
would carry passengers at more than 160 km an hour. Today,
aviation and fast travel has become second nature to us.

Focus on Vocabulary
1. Nichel, n- silver coloured metal used in making steel
2. Hardback, n-syn. book
3. Lunatic, n - person who walks in his sleep
4. Reinforced, adj. - strengthened
5. MDF, n - material made from remnants of wood
6. Agility, n- quick and intelligent mind
Ex.: 1. Replace the words phrases in bold with others from the
text that have the same meaning. Make sure that the
words you write are in the same form as the ones in bold.
1. Out of all Edison’s predictions, I wish he had been correct about
poverty disappearing. (Introduction)
___________________________________________________
2. After a boring month in the office, Ron booked a trip to Europe
online. (Section A)
___________________________________________________
3. These days it is cheaper to have s Kindle than to buy books
regularly. (Section A)
___________________________________________________
4. Using video cassettes to record and view TV programmes and
films didn’t last long. (Section C)
____________________________________________________
5. You were absolutely right! Email has taken over traditional
forms of correspondence. (Section F)
___________________________________________________
6. Prosthetics is the development and production of man-made
limbs. (Section F)
___________________________________________________
UNIT IV: MATERIALS
35
READING: Car Materials Explained
VOCABULARY: Properties of the materials
SPEAKING: Discussion on properties of the materials
VIDEO: Materials Tech/Vehicle Lightweight
WRITING: Write the summary of the video clip
EXTRA READING: Robocars

Warm-up: list the materials you know which are used in

engineering and name their properties.
36
READING:

37
CAR MATERIALS EXPLAINED

Cars are quite tricky to design and build – if they weren’t, we’d
all be driving around in the wheeled manifestation of our own
imaginations. Manufacturers spend years developing and
designing the right materials for their cars – but what are they?
Car-makers have to consider a range of factors when designing a
car including weight, strength, perceived quality and ease of repair
and construction. A car made of the most exotic materials might be
incredibly strong and light, but it’ll cost a fortune to produce.
Manufacturers often need to use a mixture of materials in one car to
achieve their goals.
With so many different types of materials on offer. We’ve put
together a simple list of all the materials you’re likely to find in a
car and described their uses and strengths.

Plastic
Cheaper cars like the Suzuki Swift use lots of plastics in their
cabins. Plastic is never going to feel as good quality as a metal
alternative but it’s likely to weigh a lot less and be cheaper and
faster to produce and paint. Plastic is used on cheaper cars
for external body panels like the bumpers, wings and sills. While
you might be able to bend the panels with a stiff prod, plastic makes
sense as body panel material as it’s light, resilient to impacts and
easily replaced if damaged.
Most car interiors are predominantly plastic because it’s easier to
mould into the complex shapes demanded by car buyers – ‘soft-
touch’ plastics are popular in more expensive cars as they feel much
more luxurious to the touch than regular plastic.

Steel
Most car bodies are built from steel.

38
Unquestionably the most common material used in building cars is
steel, which is strong, easy to work with, cheap and readily
available and almost every car will have some steel in it. It can be
used for parts like the roof, chassis, wheels, brakes, exhaust and
engine. It doesn’t take extremely specialised tools or knowledge to
produce, manufacture and repair steel so is the cheapest metal used
in car building.
Steel comes in a variety of different grades with lightness increasing
in proportion with the cost of manufacturing the material and
making the part. Manufacturers will often use more than one type of
steel in a car – prioritising better steel where more reinforcement is
needed.

Aluminium
Audi has a long history of working with aluminium.
Aluminium is the other common metal used in car manufacture. It’s
much lighter and stronger than steel and, unlike its ferrous friend,
isn’t susceptible to rust. It is, however, much more expensive and
far harder to work with than steel so isn’t commonly used on
cheaper cars. Jaguar and Audi are the two main  manufacturers
associated with aluminium-constructed cars. Manufacturers like
Ferrari aren’t convinced, however, saying they can shape an
aluminium body panel easier than a carbon fibre one with only a
negligible increase in weight.

Fibreglass
With advanced metals on the one side and carbon fibre on the other,
fibreglass has fallen out of popularity in the motoring world. Like
carbon fibre it’s made by embedding small strands of glass in a mat
then setting it in plastic. The combination of glass’ resilience and
plastic’s flexibility means fibreglass is very lightweight, fairly
strong and resistant to bending. It’s not really used in mass
production cars anymore and was only popular with the sports car
maker TVR and on early Chevrolet Corvettes for its lightweight. Its

39
relative weakness compared to some metals and the complexity of
repairing it means it’s now mainly used in maritime and aviation
applications.

Carbon
Is the fashionable material of choice for the automotive elite?
Carbon can be used in numerous ways around a car but the most
common is as carbon fibre. Like fibreglass, its small strands of
carbon embedded into a fibrous mat and sealed by a plastic or resin.
This ranges from mass-produced carbon fibre in the Alfa Romeo
4C’s chassis ‘tub’ -expensive hand-laid carbon fibre used mainly in
F1 cars. Carbon is multiple-times stronger and lighter than steel but
also multiple-times more expensive so only features on the most
expensive cars in the world.

Leather

Leather interior on a Lexus CT200h increases premium feel

40
Leather upholstery is a desirable option on many luxurious cars.
The more leather you have – the more expensive your car will be as
it takes that much longer than cloth to stitch and trim it. Many
manufacturers are, for a variety of ethical, practical and financial
reasons, moving towards using artificial leather in their cars – for
example, Mercedes‘ range of Artico leather seats.
Others
The titanium exhausts on a Porsche 911 GT2 RS save weight
and sound beefy
Magnesium enjoyed popularity as a car building material in F1 in
the 1970s and could potentially be making a comeback. It’s lighter
and stronger than steel but is easier to work with than aluminium
providing a good middle-ground between steel and carbon fibre.
Titanium is also used in certain high-end car parts, most commonly
sports exhaust systems. Titanium has the highest strength of any
metal for its density so, for car makers like Porsche, is helps reduce
the cars weight and provides a tougher part.
The Citroen C4 Cactus uses a mixture of plastics and metal to keep
weight down

Ex.: 1. Analyse the properties of the materials in the table which

follows:
Reading Note

In engineering it is important to practice reading table, charts,

diagrams and graphs because so much information is presented in
these ways.
Scanning is the best strategy for finding information in a table. With
scanning you know before you read what sort of information you
are searching for. To scan a table you move your eyes up and down
the columns until you find the word or words you want. To scan
quickly you must learn to ignore any information which will not
help you with your task.
VOCABULARY:
41
Ex.: 1. Analyse the texts and make a list of the strengths and
uses of the materials mentioned.

1. Leather strengths …………… uses …………………..

2. Carbon strengths …………… uses …………………..
3. Plastic strengths …………… uses …………………..
4. Aluminium strengths …………… uses …………………..
5. Magnesium strengths …………… uses …………………..
6. Titanium strengths …………… uses …………………..
7. Fibreglass strengths …………… uses …………………..
8. Steel strengths …………… uses …………………..

Ex.: 2. Scan the table which follows to find a material which is:

1. Soft
2. Ductile
3. Malleable
4. Tough
5. Scratch-resistant
6. Conductive and malleable
7. Durable and hard
8. Stiff and brittle
9. Ductile and corrosion-resistant
10. Heat-resistant and chemical resistant
MATERIALS PROPERTIES USES
METALS
ALUMINIUM Light, soft, ductile, highly Aircraft, engine
conductive, corrosion— components, foil,
resistant cooking utensils

42
 COPPER Very malleable, tough, Electric wiring, tubing
ductile
BRASS(65%- Very corrosion-resistant, Valves, taps, castings,
copper, 35%- zinc) casts well, easily machined, ship fittings, electrical
good conductor contacts
MILD STEEL(iron High strength ductile, tough, General purpose,
15% with 0.3 % fairly malleable, cannot be
carbon) hardened and tempered, low
cost, poor corrosion-
resistance
HIGH CARBON Hardest of the carbon steels Cutting tools such as
STEEL but less ductile and drills, files and saws
malleable, can be hardened
and tempered
THERMOPLASTICS
ABS (acrylonitrile High impact strength and Safety helmets, car
butadiene styrene) toughness, scratch resistant, components,
light and durable telephones,
kitchenware
ACRYLIC Stiff, hard, very durable, Aircraft canopies,
clear, can be polished easily, baths, double glazing.
can be formed easily.
NYLON Hard, tough, wear- resistant, Bearings, gears,
self-lubricating casings for power
tools
THERMOSETTING PLASTICS
GLASS Shatterproof, solid and hard Used for architecture
material, recyclable, the application,
safest packaging material. illumination, electrical
transmission.
EPOXY RESIN High strength when Adhesives,
reinforced, good chemical encapsulation of
and wear resistance electronic components
POLYESTER RESIN STIFF HARD BRITTLE, Moulding, boat and
GOOD CHEMICAL AND car bodies
HEAT RESISTANCE
Ex.: 3. Skim the table to find:

1. A metal used to make aircraft…………………………...………

2. Plastics used for adhesives……………………………………...
43
3. Steel which can be hardened………………………………........
4. An alloy suitable for castings…………………………………...
5. A plastic with very low friction…………………………………
6. A material suitable for safety helmets…………………………..
7. A metal for general construction use but which should be
protected from corrosion………………………………………..
8. A plastic for car bodies………………………………………….

SPEAKING:

Ex.: 1. Work in pairs or groups. Define one of the properties

and the other student must find and say the material(s).
Ex.: 2. Language study: Making definitions
Study these facts from the table about aluminium:
Example:
1. Aluminium is a light metal.
2. Aluminium is used to make aircraft.
We can link these facts to make a definition of aluminium.
1+2 Aluminium is a light metal which is used to make aircraft.

Copper is…………………... which ………..……………………

Glass is …………………….. which ………..……………………
Brass is …………………….. which ………..……………………
Mild steel is .……………….. which ………..……………………
High carbon steel………….. which ………..……………………
ABS is .…………………….. which ………..……………………
Acrylic is .………………….. which ………..……………………
Nylon is .…………..……….. which ………..……………………
Epoxy resin .……………….. which ………..……………………
Polyester resin is …….…….. which ……..…….……..…………
Ex.: 3. Read the sentence pair. Choose when the words best fit
in blancs:

1. Rubber/plastic
44
 A. The body of this car is made of________________________.
B. Tire manufacturers use much of the world’s ______________.

2. Steel/aluminium

A. The frame of the truck is made of______________________.

B. The wheel rims are made of lightweight _________________.

3. Textile/leather

A.Most car seats are made from inexpensive ______________ .

B.____________ is used to outline the interior of the finest cars.

Ex.: 4. Work in groups of 3 or 4 and discuss what materials are

often used inside expensive cars?

Use language such as:

Most of the components of the car’ s interior are made of……….

Plastic must be……………….
The dashboard is manufactured of……………………………
The steering wheel is covered in………………………………
Door panel is made of ……………………………………………..

VIDEO:

Materials Tech/Vehicle Lightweight

45
Ex.: 1. Before you watch
Work with a partner and discuss these questions.
How much do you know about Carbon fiber?
What lightweight materials do you know?
Where and what are they used for?

Ex.: 2. While you watch.

Watch the video clip and circle the words you hear.

1. Henry Ford’s mass-market/luxury cars have been made primarily

of steel.
2. If we all could afford Bugattis then carbon fiber /plastic would
be an easy answer, it’s half the weight of steel.
3. Aluminium is another light but more expensive/cheap alternative
to steel and upscale brands like AUDI, JAGUAR and LAND
ROVER have pioneered its use in the mass market.
4. The team at OAKRIDGES carbon fibre facility has created a
new a carbon filament/sheet with much the same properties as
pure material but at the third of the cost.
5. Winding repeatedly through four ovens the white fiber/black
fiber is oxidized, than a blast in the 1000 degree furnace
vaporizes everything but for the carbon.
6. This electric/mechanical arc furnace allows the operator to melt
small quantities of different metals together to create entirely
new alloy compositions for study.

WRITING:

Ex.: 1. After you watch. Write a short summary of the

documentary.
46
Include: OAKRIDGE research company, its experiments, deal with,
generation of advanced materials, an electric car power inverter and
others.

EXTRA READING:

Read the text: Robocars

What will cars of the future be like? Forget about new fuels doors
that open upwards, more powerful engines and all sorts of James
Bond-style gadgets. The cars of the future will stretch your
imagination even further! The inspiration for the new generation of
cars will come from robotics: robocars will be cars that drive
themselves. Scientists involved in research and development say
that it isn’t science fiction. At least one major car manufacturer
plans to test driverless cars by 2019, and could have them on the
road by 2020. Most of the technological requirements exist already.
For example, there are cars that brake automatically and others that
are connected to a central information system. More research and
testing is required, but then all that could be needed is for
companies to commercialize the products successfully. Robocars
will revolution driving and bring about many improvements on the
roads- there will be fewer traffic jams and accidents because a
computer-driver will never spill a drink on itself, use a mobile
phone while driving or go through a red light.

UNIT V: HAND TOOLS

READING: Great Advise When You Need It

VOCABULARY: Tools
47
SPEAKING: Discussion on Hand Tools
WRITING: Write a letter of complaint
EXTRA READING: Outlet Installation

Warm-up: I recently bought a house, and something breaks every

month. I want to fix things myself. What do I need?

48
 Long-nose pliers Claw hammer Flathead screwdriver

Phillips screwdriver Slip-joint pliers Adjustable wrench

Tape measure Utility knife

READING:

Before you read the passage, talk about these questions.

1. What are some common hand tools?

2. What repairs and tasks do you use hand tools for?
49
Great Advise When You Need It
Today’s Column

Question: I recently bought a house, and something breaks every

month, I want to fix things myself. What do I need?
Frank G.
Answers:
Sometimes things break in houses. Calling a repair man is
expensive. As a homeowner, you need tools. Go to the local
hardware store. Most sell tool kits with the basic hand tools. They
usually include a couple of Phillips screwdrivers, flathead
screwdrivers, and an adjustable wrench. Some tool kits also have
slip-joint pliers and long-nose pliers. Then buy a tape measure, a
claw hammer, and a utility knife separately. Utility knives have
retractable blades, so they last a long time. And these separate
items can be found for less than ten dollars. Read about how to use
these tools, and home improvement projects are easy.

Ex.:1. Read the advice column. Then, choose the correct

answers.

1. What is the column mostly about?

A. an expensive repair man
B. a recommendation for tools
C. a local hardware store
D. a description of how long tools last

2. What are NOT included in tool kits?

A. tape measures
B. adjustable wrenches
C. Phillips screwdrivers
D. flathead screwdrivers
3. According to the columnist, what is true about utility knives?
50
 A. The blades break frequently.
B. They are included in tool kits.
C. The blades are not always out.
D. They cost less than hammers.

VOCABULARY:

Hand tools I
Ex.: 1. Match the words (1-5) with the definitions (A-E).
1. __ wrench 4. __ utility knife
2. __ retractable 5. __ hand tool
3. __ adjustable
A. a manual device used for home improvement projects
B. being able to pull back in
C. a small cutting device
D. a hand tool that tightens and loosens nuts and bolts
E. being able to change sizes

Ex.: 2. Read the sentence pair. Choose where the words best fit
the blanks.
1. Phillips screwdriver / flathead screwdriver
A. A screw with a flat slot needs a _________________________.
B. A screw with a cross-shape on the head need a _____________.
2. Slip-joint pliers / Long-nose pliers
A. ___________________________ are adjustable.
B. _____________________________ have needlelike pincers.
3. Claw hammer / tool kit
A. A ________________________ can drive in or remove nails.
B. Many tools are included in a _________________________.

Hand tools II
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 Wire cutter Allen wrench Hacksaw
(AM)/Spanner (BR)

Ball pein hammer Ratchet wrench

Ex.: 1. Before you read the WEBPAGE, talk about these

questions.

1. What tool can be used to cut pipes?

2. What are some different types of wrenches?

WEBPAGE: Grasser Hand Tools

52
Use the right tool for the job. Consult our product list before
starting any project.

Product Function: use it to ….

Wire cutter Strip and cut light to medium gauge wire
Ball pein hammer Shape metal and drive chisels
Hand saw Cut wood
Hacksaw Cut metal or plastic pipes
Sawhorse Support materials while cutting
Ratchet wrench (includes socket Tighten or loosen bolts or nuts
set and 2 socket extensions)
Combination wrench Work with multiple sizes of bolts
Spanner wrench Access hard to reach bolts
Allen wrench Turn Allen key bolts
Nut driver Insert or remove nuts
Pipe wrench Turn multiple size pipe connections

Ex.: 2. Place the words and phrases from the word bank under
the correct heading

WORD BANK: hack saw, nut driver, hand saw, socket, wire
cutter, spanner

Tools for cutting Tools for turning

Ex.: 3. Read the tool manufecture’s webpage. Then choose the

correct answers.

1. What is the purpose of the website?

A. to advertise an upcoming sale
B. to explain product functions
C. to compare hand and power tools
53
 D. to take online customer orders
2. What tool should be used to cut wood?
A. wire cutter
B. hand saw
C. hacksaw
D. ball pein hammer
3. Which tool cannot work on different sizes of bolts?
A. Allen key
B. pipe wrench
C. combination wrench
D. ratchet wrench and socket set

Ex.: 4. Fill in the blanks with the correct word and phrases
from the word bank.

WORD BANK: pipe wrench; Allen wrench; ratchet wrench;

combination wrench; ball pein hammer

1. See which __________________________________fits the

hexagonal recess in this bolt.
2. Tom used the open end of the ___________________________.
3. The plumber used an adjustable _________________________.
4. Sue shaped the metal fitting with a _______________________.
5. Where are the sockets for this___________________________.

Ex.: 5. Extending skills. In an engineering context you can:

tighten or loosen
strengthen or weaken
widen or narrow
shorten or lengthen
engineer or mechanize
assemble or dismantle
54
install , fix, mount or deform
harden or fasten
lower, lift or raise
pull or push
nail, drive in or insert
twist, turn, crew or unscrew
remove, strip, flip or move suddenly
hold or grip

Ex.: 6. Choose from brackets the appropriate things you can:

(nuts and bolts, bulbs, nails, knob, pipes, fittings, plumbing
systems, batteries, covers)
tighten or loosen ?
strengthen or weaken?
install, fix, mount, deform?
assemble dismantle?
remove strip ?

Ex.: 7. Look, remember and give the equivalent in Romanian:

Verb Adjective
Overheat overheated
Overtighten overtight
Overengineer overengineered
Secure secured
Seal sealed
Cool cool
Warm warm
Ex.: 8. Insert necessary words from the table above:

1. The engine started to o________________________.

2. Do not o________________ the screw or use metric screws. 
3. Make a design that is right for your needs, but
don't o________________ it. 
4. The heater w__________________ the air in the room.
55
5. The air pump bearings are permanently
greased and s__________ and require no maintenance. 
6. The alarm system helps to s_____________ a house from
burglars.

SPEAKING:

Ex.:1. What tools do you use to do the following actions. Discuss

in pairs or small groups in what situations you use the tools
and do the actions then switch roles. Use the structure:

What happened…………..………………………….
I repaired…………………………………………….
How did ………………………………………..…..?
You needed/I needed to ……………………………..

Screw, unscrew –
drive in nails –
cut wires –
cut pipes –
insert or remove nuts –
cut wood –
dismantle door handle –
assemble a chair’s leg –
change batteries –
put a picture on the wall –

WRITING:
Write a letter of complaint on the model about a faulty tool
from the tool-kit.
Mr Jack Lupin
7834 17th Street Detroit,
Michigan   Electronics Ltd 9034

56
Commerce Street Detroit,
Michigan USA, 90345
April 25, 2013  
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to inform you that yesterday I got my new TV set
which was delivered by your delivery service. The package was
undamaged so I signed all documents and paid the rest of the sum.
But when I unpacked it I found several scratches on the front panel.
I would like you to replace the item or give me back my money.
Please let me know your decision within 2 days.  
Kind regards, Jack Lupin

EXTRA READING:

Read these tips about everyday problems at home. Apply into

practice.
Outlet Installation
If you've experienced these conditions with one or more of your
outlets, never fear--you can easily replace the old outlet with a new
one and it will only cost you a couple of dollars and a few minutes
of your time.
Step 1 - Turn off the Power
The first step when replacing any electrical component is always to
turn OFF the power to the outlet. Turn your voltage tester on and
probe the outlet's terminals to ensure that the circuit is off. Make
sure to check both the top and the bottom of the outlet, because
sometimes a duplex outlet can be divided and fed from two
different circuits.
Step 2 - Remove Face Plate and Old Outlet

57
Use your screwdriver to unscrew the face plate and remove it. Next,
unscrew the two screws holding the broken outlet to the box within
the wall. Carefully pull the outlet out of the box. Once again use the
voltage tester to probe the side terminal screws to ensure the circuit
is dead.
Step 3 - Un-Wire the Outlet
Unscrew the wires from the sides of the outlet. If you're dealing
with older wiring and the wires aren't noticeably black or white, an
easy tip is to look at the screws on the side of the outlet. Usually the
"hot" side has darker looking screws, while the neutral side has
lighter colored terminals.
Step 4 - Inspect and Prep the Wires
Once the wires are removed from the outlet, throw the old outlet
away. Inspect the wires for any nicks or scorch marks. Also check
to ensure the insulation is still in good shape and not brittle and
hard. With the wire strippers, cut off the exposed wire and then strip
away about 3/4-inch of insulation. Use the hole on the wire strippers
to form a half circle with the exposed copper wire.
Step 5 - Wire the New Outlet

58
Make sure the screws on the new outlet are unscrewed enough to fit
the wire underneath them. Wrap the black wire over the screw on
the "hot" side of the outlet (remember it gets connected to the
darker screws) and tighten it down. Follow the same instructions for
the white wire. Wrap a length of electrical tape around the outlet so
that all of the terminals are securely covered.
Step 6 - Install the Outlet in the Box
Use the screwdriver to screw the top and bottom screws of the
outlet back into the wall box. Screw the face plate back onto the
outlet and clean up any debris left behind.
Step 7 - Turn on the Power
Turn the circuit breaker back on and probe the new outlet with the
voltage tester to ensure it's wired properly. When plugged in, the
tester should read anywhere from 115 volts to 120 volts in most
cases.

That's all there is to it. You now can fix one of the most common
electrical problems in most homes, and you don't need to pay a
fortune for an electrician to do it for you. You just saved a bundle
and made your home a much safer place at the same time.
UNIT VI: HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK

59
READING: Workplace Health and Safety
VOCABULARY: Safety-related words
SPEAKING: Making a Presentation
WRITING: Safety Rules
EXTRA READING: First Aid Kit

Warm-up:

60
1. What kinds of safety risks exist in the workplace?
2. Who has more responsibility for workplace safety: the employer
or the employee?

READING:

Workplace Health and Safety

Common hazards exist in all workplaces. This unit is designed to
assist students to know how to identify risks while in the workplace,
and understand their Duty of Care (to themselves and others) in the
workplace.

It is important to learn about these hazards and how they can be

controlled so that people at work are not exposed to risk.
The key responsibilities for workplace health and safety are set out
in the Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004 (OHS Act).
Because an employer has control and management of the
workplace, they must accept the primary responsibility for ensuring
it is safe. However, employees also must take responsibility for
looking after their own safety. Young workers are usually keen to
work hard and do well, and may be willing to attempt tasks that
older workers would recognize as unsafe. Largely because of their
inexperience, younger workers have a higher risk of being injured at
work than older workers.
A hazard is anything at a workplace with potential to cause harm –
injury or, illness to people, damage to property or harm to the
environment.
Workers need to be aware of the hazards related to the workplace,
such as unlabeled chemicals, faulty equipment, poorly lit stairs.
The best way to remedy a hazard is to get rid of it altogether. It is
your employer’s responsibility to do this where practicable.
Removing simple hazards (such as picking up litter or cleaning up a
spill to prevent slips) is something that a work experience student
may be able to do without risk to themselves or others.
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However, all hazards must be reported, and students must not
attempt to fix a problem where there may be any risk.

VOCABULARY:

Study the words:

Hazard (n) - something that is dangerous and likely to cause 
damage: a health/fire hazard
Hazardous (adj) - dangerous; perilous.
a hazardous road
To assist (v) - to help
To ensure (v) - to make something certain/sure to happen
To be keen (v) - to be enthusiastic/excited about
smth,very interested, eager, or wanting (to do) something very
much
To injure (v) - to hurt or cause physical harm to a person or animal/
to harm someone or yourself
Injury (n) - physical harm or damage to someone's body caused by
an accident or an attack.
Harm (n) - physical or other injury or damage:
To harm (v) - to hurt someone or damage something
(Un) Safe (adj.) - not in danger
Safety (n) - a state in which or a place where you are safe and not
in danger or at risk.
To get rid of (v) - to remove or throw away something unwanted.

Ex.: 1. Work in pairs and answer the questions on the text:

1. What is a hazard?
2. Who has more responsibility for workplace safety: the employer
or the employee?
3. How do you take action to remedy a risk or eliminate a hazard?
4. Where are the key responsibilities for workplace health and
safety set out?

62
5. Why do younger workers have a higher risk of being injured at
work than older workers?
6. What is the best way to get rid of hazards?

Ex.: 2. Complete the sentences with the words from the Focus
on Vocabulary.

Get rid of, hazard, harm, keen on, assist, injury, hazardous, ensure,
safety

1. The busy traffic entrance was a ………………to pedestrians.
2. He will ……………. us in changing the tyre.
3. I can ………….. a job for you. Careful preparations ………….
success for you.
4. Humans generate more than one million tons of ………………..
waste every day.
5. That young man is very …………. driving sports cars.
6. Smoking does much …………… but no good.
7. Grandpa fell down the stairs and got a serious ……………..
8. Driving without a ………….. belt will cost you a fine of 750 lei.
9. We had to free the garage to …………….. the smell of petrol.

Ex.: 3. What do these warning labels mean. Match each label to

the correct warning.
a) Highly flammable
b) Harmful explosive
c) Corrosive
d) Oxidizing
e) Toxic
f) Protective helmet
g) Protective gloves required

Make sure you learn the labels! They are for your protection

63
SPEAKING:

64
Group Work
Ex.: 1. Analyze some of the potential dangers in your working
place, body shop, laboratory. How is the risk of these
hazards reduced?
Ex.: 2. Study the safety instructions from a work shop below,
and then answer these questions.
a) Who are the instructions for?
b) Who wrote them?
c) What was the writer purpose?
1. Wear protective clothing at all times.
2. Always wear eye protection when operating lathes, cutters
and grinders and ensure the guard is in place.
3. Keep your workplace tidy.
4. The areas between benches and around machines must be
kept clear.
5. Tools should be put away when not in use and any
breakages and losses reported.
6. Machines should be cleaned after use.

Language study
Making safety rules
What are the differences in meaning, if any, between these
statements?
1. Wear protective clothing.
2. Always wear protective clothing.
3. Protective clothing must be worn.

We can make safety rules in these ways:

65
 1. Using an imperative.
Wear protective clothing
Do not wear loose-fitting clothing.
2. Always / never are used to emphasize that the rule holds
in all cases.
Always wear protective clothing.
Never wear loose-fitting clothing.
3. We can use a modal verb for emphasis.
Protective clothing must be worn.
Protective clothing should be worn.

Ex.: 1. Study this list of unsafe environmental conditions

(hazards). Write safety rules to limit these hazards using
the methods given above.

Example: inadequate lightning

Lightning must be adequate or lightning should be adequate.

1. Uneven floors.
2. Unguarded machinery.
3. Untidy workbenches.
4. Untidy workplaces.
5. Badly maintained machinery.
6. Carelessly stored dangerous materials.
7. Inadequate ventilation.
8. Damages tools and equipment.
9. Machinery in poor condition.
10. Equipment used improperly.
11. Equipment operated by untrained personnel.
12. Apprentices working without supervision

Ways of linking ideas

66
What are the links between these ideas? What words can we use to
mark the links?
1. The accident happened.
2. The operator’s carelessness.
3. The supervisor was not present.
We can mark these links between them like this.
The accident happened because of the operator’s carelessness.
In addition/moreover, the supervisor was not present.
What are the links between these ideas? What words can we use to
mark the links?
4. Suitable protection should be worn.
5. Safety helmets should be used where is the danger of falling
objects.
We can mark this in this way: Suitable protection should be worn.
For example /For instance, safety helmets should be used where is
the danger of falling objects.

Ex.: 2. Show the links between these sets of ideas using

appropriate linking words.
1. Many accidents happen.
Workers’ carelessness.
2. Education can reduce accidents.
It is important that all workers receive training in basic safety.
3. Eye injuries can be serious.
Goggles must be worn for grinding and cutting.
4. Safety gloves provide protection for the hands.
They prevent burns.
5. Safety shoes protect the feet against the falling objects.
They prevent the feet getting caught in machinery.
6. Respirators should be worn in dusty conditions.
Dust can damage the lungs.
7. Safety gear exists for every danger.
67
 Each year people are injured.
They refuse or forget to wear the right gear.

WRITING:

Ex.: 1. Project Work

Study the five engineering accidents in the history of humanity.

Choose one you would like to find out more about and prepare
a 5-7 minute presentation for the group. Remember to use the
notes from the table below to help you make a presentation.

Mention:
1. What was the cause of the accident (what actually happened?)
2. What other factors were responsible for or contributed to the
accident?
3. What health and safety principles were ignored?

The Cernobyl Nuclear Disaster, 1986

World Trade Centre, 2001
The Space Shuttle, 1986
The Buncefield Chemical Explosion, 2005
Tacoma Narrows Bridge, 1940

Making a presentation
Introducing yourself and your talk

For those of you who don’t know me, my name is….

I am here today to talk about/tell you something about.
I am going to be speaking about….
Feel free to ask questions as we go along.
There will be time for questions at the end.

Structuring the presentation

68
Firstly/Secondly/ Thirdly/Finally
Let’s now look at…
Moving on, I would like to say something about…
Now we come to …
That brings me to my next point.
I think that covers everything about.
Referring to visuals
As you can see in this slide
This/next slide shows…
Concluding
To sum up…
In conclusion…
I would like to repeat my main points.
Are there any questions?
EXTRA READING:
FIRST AID KIT – every home should have one
Accidents happen and they often happen at home. Kids fall over and
hurt themselves or you can cut yourself while chopping food. If you
haven’t done so already, you should get a first aid kit for you home.
A few essential items are all you need.
Make sure you kit contains a thermometer to check your body
temperature, plastic gloves, a bar of soap, an antiseptic cream to
prevent scratches and cuts from becoming infected, some aspirin
and other medicine to deal with pain and fever, bandages to cover
wounds and keep them clean, adhesive tape, tweezers and pair of
scissors.
It is also a good idea to keep another kit in your car, particularly if
you are going on holiday and more so if you are going camping.
There is nothing worse than being in the countryside or on an
isolated beach, many miles from the nearest town, when an accident
happens. Just a little preparation can save you a lot of trouble.
When is First Aid Kit necessary?
What must it contain?
Anexis
69
Unit II
Script on Video
Engineering can be described as changing the world around us for
our own benefit. There are many different types of engineering.
Well, what is electronic engineering? The easiest way to explain it
is that without it you would not have your IPads, or your computers,
or your skyTV. Civil engineering is the design of a lot of things we
encounter in our day to day, including bridges, highways, sewers
and the buildings we live in.
Mechanical engineering is all about systems, how things work and
most important how to take things apart and put them back together
again.
Chemical engineering is all about making materials into useful
products. The clothes we wear, the food and drinks we consume and
the energy we use all rely upon chemical engineering. Chemical
engineers work out the processes to make these products possible.
To be an engineer you have to be practical, analytical, logical but
you also have to think outside of the box quite a lot you are finding
new ways to solve problems.
You have to have some quite particular ways of thinking about the
world. You have to be curious, I think you have to be interested in
problem-solving. You also have to be quite creative e, so sometimes
you want to improve a design and make it better, or even start
something brand-new.
Engineering is all about you, everything you touch, you see, you
hear, anything you interact with has been engineered. It could
literally be anything from toothpaste to the Hawk –Yee Technology
ay Wimbledon, but somewhere along the way an engineer is
involved. The thing I love about engineering is no two days are the
same> one day can be sat in the office designing something, but the
following day I might be getting my hands dirty and working on
something specific.
What I really love about engineering is that you apply everything
you learn You get to put it to towards something and see something
take shape. It is really satisfying getting a solution out at the end of
it, so if you are interested in problem –solving, and how things
work, then engineering is definitely something to consider.
Unit III.
70
Transcript for listening activity
The National Academy of Engineering in the USA published ways
of innovations of 20th century:

1. Electrification
2. Automobile
3. Airplane
4. Water supply and distribution
5. Electronics
6. Radio and television
7. Agricultural mechanization
8. Air conditioning
9. Refrigeration
10. Highways
11. Spacecraft
12. Internet and telephone
13. Imaging and household appliances
14. Health technologies
15. Petroleum and petro-chemical technologies
16. Laser and fiber optics nuclear technologies
17. High performance materials
18. External links- Microsoft excel

Unit IV.

71
Script on Video:
Materials Tech/Vehicle Lightweight
From the days before Henry Ford’s mass-market cars have been
made primarily of steel it is relatively cheap, strong and durable,
easy to work with but it is also heavy. If we all could afford
Bugattis then carbon fiber would be an easy answer it’s half the
weight of steel, and four times stronger, but at 15 $ per pound it’s
more than three times the cost. Aluminium is another light but more
expensive alternative to steel and upscale brands like AUDI,
JAGUAR and LAND ROVER have pioneered its use in the mass
market. Now FORD is jumping on the aluminium bandwagon with
its highest volume vehicle the F 150. The 2015 model PICKUP
will tip the scale some seven hundred pounds lighter than before,
thanks to an all aluminium body embedded like a diet for humans
there is no one size fits all solution to vehicle light weighting, but
at the department of energy’s OAK RIDGE National Lab near
Knoxville Tennessee automakers suppliers…(1.12 min) and
researchers are co-developing the next generation of advanced
materials and lightweight automotive components. This electric arc
furnace allows the operator to melt small quantities of different
metals together to create entirely new alloy compositions for study.
Nearby 1000 degree Celsius furnace tests the workability of new
metals as they are made into thinner sheets. Along with the
development compounds comes the need to join them together.
Here researchers are demonstrating a low friction- stir welder that
could be used instead of rivets to join alluminium and steel together.
Seventy years ago scientists here were studying how to harness
energy and plutonium, but OAK RIDGE is better known now for
the high flux of isotope reactor, its dense neutron beam path is split
along 13 specialised instruments used to validate the molecular and
magnetic structure of various materials…
Using ordinary acrylic fibres, like that used to make socks and
sweaters, the team at OAKRIDGES carbon fibre facility has created

72
a new a carbon filament with much the same properties as pure
material but at the third of the cost. Winding repeatedly through
four ovens the white fiber is oxidized, than a blast in the 1000
degree furnace vaporizes everything but for the carbon. Nothing is
cooler than seeing a part materialized before your eyes, that’s what
additive or third 3D printing is all about. Here OAK scientists have
used a plastic and carbon fiber composite to print large custom parts
and even entirely go-cart chassis. More impressive is the ability to
create a complex moving here and track assembly or a functioning
mechanical hand in one build out of titanium. The downsizing of
the existing components is crucial for weight savings too.
OAKRIDGE researchers have reconsidered an electric car power
inverter to nearly have its former size and are developing new
battery electrode materials that allow more energy stored per
volume. So an EEVE () could increase its driving range or could
shrink its battery size to save weight. Now we may not be 3D
printing our own cars at home any time soon but with these
advances in automotive materials engineering OAKRIDGE and
other national laboratories are pointing us in the right light
direction.

Bibliography:

73
1. Dearholt Jim D., -Mecahnics Book 1, Book 2, Book 3, Express
Publishing. 2017
2. Dunn Marian, Howey David and Ilic Amanda with Nicholas
Regan, English for MECHANICAL ENGINEERING in Higher
Education Studies, Course Book, Garnet Education, 2010
3. Eastwood John, OXFORD PRACTICE GRAMMAR with
answers, Oxford University Press,1999
4. English vocabulary in use, pre-intermediate/intermediate,
Cambridge university press, 1997
5. Healan Angela, Gormley Katrina, , CLOSE-UP Student’s
Book, C1, Second Edition, National Geographic Learning,
2017
6. Healan Angela, Gormley Katrina with Karen Ludlow, CLOSE-
UP Student’s Book, B2, Second Edition, National Geographic
Learning, 2017
7. Ibbotson Mark, Professional English in Use, Engineering
Technical English for Professionals, Cambridge University
Press, 2009.
8. Kavanagh Marie, English for the Automobile Industry, Oxford
University Press, 2011
9. Oxford English for Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Eric
H., Norman Glendinning, Oxford University Press, 1995

Sitologie:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NoyZarq-Zbo 21.06/2018
(/www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LDwYBuz_o

CONTENTS:
UNITI: TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MOLDOVA………….. 3
READING: General information about TUM ………………. 4
74
 VOCABULARY: University staff-related words …………... 7
SPEAKING: Dialogues on various situations at university ... 10
WRITING: Why did you choose to be a student at TUM? … 12
EXTRA READING: Mind the Gap …………………………. 13
UNITII: ENGINEERING - WHAT IS IT All ABOUT? …………... 14
READING: Engineering and types of engineering …………. 16
VOCABULARY: Engineering-related words ………………. 17
SPEAKING: Discuss types of engineering …………………. 19
VIDEO: University of bath ………………………………….. 22
EXTRA READING: New TESLA Can Drive Itself ……..…. 25
UNITIII: GREATEST ENGINEERING ACHIEVEMENTS……… 26
READING: Codes and Standards …………………………... 28
VOCABULARY: Mechanics-related words ………………... 30
LISTENING: Greatest Achievements of the 20th Century ….. 32
SPEAKING: Advantages and disadvantages of the car and
household appliances ………………………………………. 32
WRITING: Research on one of the greatest achievements …. 32
EXTRA READING: Predictions that Came True …or Didn’t 33
UNITIV: MATERIALS………………………………………………. 36
READING: Car Materials Explained ……………………….. 38
VOCABULARY: Properties of the materials………………. 42
SPEAKING: Discussion on properties of the materials …….. 44
VIDEO: Materials Tech/Vehicle Lightweight ………………. 46
WRITING: Write the summary of the video clip …………… 47
EXTRA READING: Robocars ……………………………… 47
UNITV: HAND TOOLS……………………………………………... 48
READING: Great Advise When You Need It ………………. 50
VOCABULARY: Tools ……………………………………... 51
SPEAKING: Discussion on Hand Tools ……………………. 56
WRITING: Write a letter of complaint ……………………… 57
EXTRA READING: Outlet Installation …………………….. 57
UNITVI: HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK ……………………. 60
READING: Workplace Health and Safety ………………….. 61
VOCABULARY: Safety-related words …………………….. 62
SPEAKING: Making a Presentation……………………........ 65
WRITING: Safety Rules …………………………………….. 68
EXTRA READING: First Aid Kit …………………………... 69
Anexis ………………………….……...………..…………………......... 70
Bibliography …………………………………..…………………......... 74

75
 ENGLISH
FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Elaborare metodică

Autoiri: Alina Havric, Lilia Burdila

Bun de tipar 06.07.18 Formatul hârtiei 60x84 1/16

Hârtie ofset. Tipar RISO. Tirajul 50 ex.
Coli de tipar 4,75 Comanda nr. 68

2004, UTM, Chişinău, bd. Ştefan cel Mare și Sfânt, 168

Editura «Tehnica-UTM»
2045, Chişinău, str. Studenţilor, 9/9

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