PVSYST V5.

14 08/04/11 Page 1/4

Stand Alone System: Simulation parameters

Project : Surmount Energy

Geographical Site Bombay Country India
Situation Latitude 19.2°N Longitude 73.1°E
Time defined as Legal Time Time zone UT+6 Altitude 5m
Albedo 0.20
Meteo data : Bombay, Synthetic Hourly data

Simulation variant : No shading effects

Simulation date 08/04/11 15h56

Simulation parameters
Collector Plane Orientation Tilt 20° Azimuth 0°

PV Array Characteristics
PV module Si-poly Model P200 / 6
Manufacturer Solon AG
Number of PV modules In series 2 modules In parallel 8 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 16 Unit Nom. Power 200 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 3.2 kWp At operating cond. 2.86 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 53 V I mpp 54 A
Total area Module area 24.3 m²

PV Array loss factors

Thermal Loss factor Uc (const) 29.0 W/m²K Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K / m/s
=> Nominal Oper. Coll. Temp. (G=800 W/m², Tamb=20°C, Wind velocity = 1m/s.) NOCT 45 °C
Wiring Ohmic Loss Global array res. 16 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Array Soiling Losses Loss Fraction 3.0 %
Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction 1.5 %
Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 2.0 % at MPP
Incidence effect, ASHRAE parametrization IAM = 1 - bo (1/cos i - 1) bo Parameter 0.05

System Parameter System type Stand Alone System

Battery Model PVX-2580L
Manufacturer Concorde
Battery Pack Characteristics Voltage 48 V Nominal Capacity 236 Ah
Nb. of units 4 in series
Temperature Fixed (20°C)
Regulator Model Generic Default with MPPT converter
Technology MPPT converter Temp coeff. -5.0 mV/°C/elem.
Converter Maxi and EURO efficiencies 96.0/94.0 %
Battery Management Thresholds Charging 54.7/52.3 V Discharging 47.0/50.4 V
Back-Up Genset Command 47.3/51.6 V

User's needs : Daily household consumers Constant over the year

average 10.0 kWh/Day
 PVSYST V5.14 08/04/11 Page 2/4

Stand Alone System: Detailed User's needs

Project : Surmount Energy
Simulation variant : No shading effects

Main system parameters System type Stand alone

PV Field Orientation tilt 20° azimuth 0°
PV Array Nb. of modules 16 Pnom total 3.2 kWp
Battery Model PVX-2580L Technology vented, vehicle starting
battery Pack Nb. of units 4 Voltage / Capacity 48 V / 236 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year global 3650 kWh/year

Daily household consumers, Constant over the year, average = 10.0 kWh/day

Annual values

Number Power Use Energy

Fluorescent lamps 1 2000 W/lamp 5 h/day 10000 Wh/day
Total daily energy 10000 Wh/day

Hourly profile
2000
Hourly consumption [W]

1500

1000

500

0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
 PVSYST V5.14 08/04/11 Page 3/4

Stand Alone System: Main results

Project : Surmount Energy
Simulation variant : No shading effects

Main system parameters System type Stand alone

PV Field Orientation tilt 20° azimuth 0°
PV Array Nb. of modules 16 Pnom total 3.2 kWp
Battery Model PVX-2580L Technology vented, vehicle starting
battery Pack Nb. of units 4 Voltage / Capacity 48 V / 236 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year global 3650 kWh/year

Main simulation results

System Production Available Energy 4499 kWh/year Specific prod. 1406 kWh/kWp/year
Used Energy 3129 kWh/year Excess (unused) 942 kWh/year
Performance Ratio PR 50.4 % Solar Fraction SF 85.7 %
Loss of Load Time Fraction 8.1 % Missing Energy 521 kWh

Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 3.2 kWp Performance Ratio PR and Solar Fraction SF
8 1.2
Lu : Unused energy (full battery) 0.81 kWh/kWp/day PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.504
Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 1.25 kWh/kWp/day SF : Solar Fraction (ESol / ELoad) : 0.857
7 Ls : System losses and battery charging 0.58 kWh/kWp/day
Yf : Energy supplied to the user 2.68 kWh/kWp/day 1.0

6
Normalized Energy [kWh/kWp/day]

0.8
Performance Ratio PR

4 0.6

3
0.4

0.2
1

0 0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

New simulation variant

Balances and main results

GlobHor GlobEff E Avail EUnused E Miss E User E Load SolFrac

kWh/m² kWh/m² kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh

January 143.0 167.9 410.1 102.4 43.98 266.0 310.0 0.858

February 152.0 168.8 407.9 112.6 38.00 242.0 280.0 0.864
March 192.0 197.2 459.0 131.9 35.99 274.0 310.0 0.884
April 198.0 187.9 433.6 114.5 27.99 272.0 300.0 0.907
May 202.0 180.3 443.0 104.8 17.98 292.0 310.0 0.942
June 147.0 129.8 311.2 48.5 55.53 244.5 300.0 0.815
July 120.0 108.0 255.0 10.1 77.19 232.8 310.0 0.751
August 122.0 113.6 266.7 26.7 84.11 225.9 310.0 0.729
September 142.0 140.1 347.5 64.2 47.97 252.0 300.0 0.840
October 158.0 168.6 404.3 85.5 21.96 288.0 310.0 0.929
November 139.0 159.4 380.2 69.0 26.28 273.7 300.0 0.912
December 132.0 157.3 380.7 71.3 43.98 266.0 310.0 0.858

Year 1847.0 1879.1 4499.2 941.6 520.97 3129.0 3650.0 0.857

Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation E Miss Missing energy

GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings E User Energy supplied to the user
E Avail Available Solar Energy E Load Energy need of the user (Load)
EUnused Unused energy (full battery) loss SolFrac Solar fraction (EUsed / ELoad)
 PVSYST V5.14 08/04/11 Page 4/4

Stand Alone System: Loss diagram

Project : Surmount Energy
Simulation variant : No shading effects

Main system parameters System type Stand alone

PV Field Orientation tilt 20° azimuth 0°
PV Array Nb. of modules 16 Pnom total 3.2 kWp
Battery Model PVX-2580L Technology vented, vehicle starting
battery Pack Nb. of units 4 Voltage / Capacity 48 V / 236 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year global 3650 kWh/year

Loss diagram over the whole year

1847 kWh/m² Horizontal global irradiation

+5.0% Global incident in coll. plane
-3.1% IAM factor on global
1879 kWh/m² * 24 m² coll. Effective irradiance on collectors
efficiency at STC = 13.2% PV conversion
6021 kWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)
-2.8% PV loss due to irradiance level

-10.7% PV loss due to temperature

-3.2% Array Soiling loss

-1.1% Module quality loss
-1.5% Module array mismatch loss
-0.8% Ohmic wiring loss
0.0% Loss by respect to the MPP running

-15.6% Unused energy (full battery) loss

3805 kWh Effective energy at the output of the array

-5.6% Converter Loss during operation (efficiency)

-1.0% Converter Loss due to power threshold
0.0% Converter Loss over nominal conv. voltage
Missing energy 0.0% Converter Loss due to voltage threshold
16.6% 3558 kWh Energy at converter output
521.0 kWh Direct use Stored Battery Storage
63.2% 36.8% +0.1% Battery Stored Energy balance

-11.0% Battery efficiency loss

-2.7% Gassing Current (electrolyte dissociation)

-0.0% Battery Self-discharge Current
3129 kWh/m² Energy supplied to the user

3650 kWh Energy need of the user (Load)