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Documente Cultură
13.3.14. Detrital
Accumulation and
Processing in
Wetlands
Rate of decomposition
Properties Fast Slow
Pin oak
Fig. 3. Decay rates of the leaves of four
Percent original mass
k = 0.50
common wetland plants over a
12-month interval starting from
senescence. The annual decay
coefficients (k) are determined from
Black willow a negative exponential decay model
k = 0.55 and represent a single value that
American lotus
k = 1.81 can be used to compare decay rates
among species.
Watershield
k = 6.17
hand, robust emergent plant litter and leaves from remains after 3 years of decay) partly because of
certain trees decay slowly. The leaves of pin oaks, cold temperatures. In contrast, in a warm, tidal
for example, require 4−7 years to completely wetland, more than three fourths of the litter
mineralize (Fig. 3). In forested wetlands with decayed within 3 months. Because of the
slowly decaying leaves, accumulated layers of litter interactions between the environment and a plant’s
reflect each year’s growth and state of decay. The characteristics, the composition of litter substrate
result is a substrate with a diverse vertical profile. varies.
Plant parts decay at different rates; leaves Decomposition of litter by a complex
decompose more rapidly than stems or woody interaction of physical, chemical, and biological
tissues. Furthermore, plants with high quantities processes has at least two phases. In the first
of lignin, such as common reed and burreed, have phase of decomposition (leaching), loosely bound
the slowest decay rates. Decomposition is usually nutrients, such as calcium, potassium, and
slow in northern wetlands (i.e., >50% of plant litter magnesium, are rapidly released from newly
Fig. 4. Nitrogen cycling in wetlands involves a labyrinth of chemical transformations of nitrogen into forms that may or
may not be available to plants. Microorganisms play a key role in mediating nitrogen availability in the benthos and soil.
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