(1) This table is based on records of accidents compiled by a State Highway Safety and Motor

Vehicles Office. The Office wants to decide if people are less likely to have a fatal accident if
they are wearing a seatbelt.

Nonfatal Injury Fatal Injury Row Total

Seat belt 412,368 510 412,878
No seat belt 162,527 1,601 164,128
Column total 574,895 2,111 577,006

Populations (or large groups) that are we are comparing in the study: P1:Fatal Injury with a seat
belt, P2: fatal injury no seat belt

Null hypothesis: P1=P2

Alternative hypothesis:P1<P2

Sample evidence (difference in sample proportions from the data): 510/412878=.12%

1,601/164128=.975%

Paste a snapshot of your Fathom hypothesis test here.

Compare Proportions
From Summary Statistics
Attribute (categorical): unassigned
Attribute (categorical or grouping): unassigned
Ho: Population proportion of Fatal Injurys in Seat Belt
equals that of Fatal Injury in No Seatbelt
Ha: Population proportion of Fatal Injurys in Seat Belt
is less than that of Fatal Injury in No Seatbelt

510 out of 412878 , or 0.00123523, in Seat Belt are

Fatal Injurys
1601 out of 164128 , or 0.00975458, in No Seatbelt are
Fatal Injury
z: -48.36
P-value: < 0.0001

P-value:

Decision: Rejcct Ho and accept Ha

Conclusion: Based on the pvalue which is less than .0001, we are able to reject the Ho and accept the
Ha. Meaning that Fatal Injuries are less likely to occur with the seatbelts on.

Demonstrate your understanding of the p-value by explaining what it means in the context of this
problem: The chances of a fatal injury occurring with the seatbelt on are less than .01% versus if you
didn’t have a seatbelt on.
 (4) Does this data suggest that taking aspirin reduces the risk of heart attack? (This data is from a
5-year experiment with physicians between the ages of 40 and 84, published in 1988 by the
Steering Committee of the Physicians Health Study Research Group. The physicians
participating in the study were randomly selected to receive an aspirin or a placebo. The pills
looked the same and the physicians did not know which they were taking.)

Heart attack No heart attack Totals

Aspirin 104 10,933 11037
Placebo 189 10,845 11034
Totals 293 21778 44142

Populations (or large groups) that are we are comparing in the study: (P1) Heart attack with
aspirin and (P2) Heart attack with no aspirin.

Null hypothesis: P1=P2

Alternative hypothesis: P1<P2

Sample evidence (difference in sample proportions from the data): 104/11037=.9%

189/10845=1.7
mmary Statistics Compare Proportions
(categorical): unassigned
Paste a snapshot of your Fathom hypothesis test here.
(categorical or grouping): unassigned
ation proportion of Heart Attack in
equals that of Heart Attack in No

ation proportion of Heart Attack in

is les s than that of Heart Attack in
irn

of 11037 , or 0.00942285, in Aspirin

t Attack
of 10845 , or 0.0174274, in No
are Heart Attack
-5.151
e: < 0.0001

P-value: <.0001

Decision: Reject Ho and accept Ha

Conclusion: (state your conclusion using the p-value and referring to the context of the problem): The
Pvalue is less than .01% meaning that the chances of a heart attack are at less with aspirin than
without.

Demonstrate your understanding of the p-value by explaining what it means in the context of this
problem: The chances of having a heart attack while taking aspirin are less the .01% versus if you were
not taking aspirin.