T EC H N I CA L W H IT E PA P E R
Microsoft SQL Server 2008 ® ®
TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S
Introduction.................................................1
The Need for a Better Solution
for Data Warehouses...................................2
Perfecting the Appliance Model
for Data Warehouses...................................2
Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2
Parallel Data Warehouse........................... 2
The Basis for a Better
Hub-and-Spoke Architecture......................4
SQL Server Fast Track Data Warehouse..... 4
Best Performance on Intel® Xeon®
Processor-based Platforms........................5
Powering Microsoft SQL Server 2008
R2 Parallel Data Warehouse with
the Intel® Xeon® processor
E7-8800/4800/2800 family.........................5
Implementing Enterprise-Class SQL
Server 2008 Fast Track Data Warehouses
with the Intel® Xeon® Processor 5600
and 5500 Series...........................................7
Power When You Need It,
Energy Savings When You Don’t................ 7
The Memory and Data Bandwidth
to Maximize Performance......................... 7
Security with Less Performance Cost........ 7
Other Processor Options........................... 7
Summary......................................................7
R2 Parallel Data Warehouse
and Fast Track Data Warehouse
Run on Intel Xeon Processors ® ®
Introduction
Data warehouses are essential to providing employees fast access to the complete and
up-to-date information they need to make better decisions, improve operational efficiency,
build profitable customer relationships, develop differentiated product offerings, maximize
corporate performance, and increase competitiveness. The more effectively and widely a
data warehouse’s business intelligence (BI) solutions can be leveraged, the more benefit
these solutions can provide.
Many organizations find the cost and complexity of data warehouses challenging. Conse-
quently, they set up and rely instead on data marts – smaller analytical data stores that
focus on specific business functions for a specific part of an organization. This can be
an effective solution for a while, but a number of shortcomings crop up over time:
• No definitive source of corporate data – just a group of marts
• Each data mart must be built from scratch when a new need for data appears
• Data marts tend to be brittle and need to be destroyed and rewritten when basic
business requirements change
• 
Once organizations go down the path of multiple data marts, there’s generally no easy
or graceful migration path to move to a data-warehouse-centric environment
Microsoft and Intel are now ready to help organizations turn a new page in data
warehousing. Using Microsoft® SQL Server® 2008 R2 Enterprise, you can now quickly
deploy small data warehouses or data marts with the Microsoft Fast Track Data
Warehouse option – a set of new scalable reference architectures for data marts and
warehouses that provide an appliance-like experience. Then, as data grows to hundreds
of terabytes and the need for a full-scale data warehouse arises, these data marts or
warehouses can become part of a scale-out solution using Microsoft SQL Server 2008
R2 Parallel Data Warehouse– a highly scalable appliance offered by leading technology
manufacturers for enterprise data warehousing. With these solutions, Microsoft has
solved some of the hardest aspects of such a conversion, including the automatic
synchronization of data managed centrally in the data warehouse with data in the marts.
TECHNICAL WHITE PAPER

Intel plays a key role in these solutions by enabling great perfor- Perfecting the Appliance Model
mance at a low price per terabyte on platforms based on the
for Data Warehouses
Intel® Xeon® processor E7-8800/4800/2800 family and the
An easier way to implement hub-and-spoke architecture is the use
Intel® Xeon® processor 5600/5500 series. On TPC Bench-
of data warehouse appliances. A data warehouse appliance is a
mark* C – a common database benchmark – the Intel® Xeon®
package that includes all of the necessary hardware and software
processor X7560, for instance, delivers a 264-percent increase
in a preconfigured solution that dramatically simplifies running and
in performance compared to the previous generation (Intel®
managing a data warehouse. An even better idea is to build this
Xeon® processor x7460).1 The gains go much further than this
appliance on an industry-standard hardware platform.
though. Working together, Microsoft, Intel, and a variety of
technology manufacturer partners have solved many of the data
bottlenecks that have prevented organizations from getting the Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2
Parallel Data Warehouse
full benefit of the performance potential of their BI solutions.
SQL Server 2008 R2 Parallel Data Warehouse is a state-of-
the-art example of an appliance based on an industry-standard
The Need for a Better Solution
hardware platform. This highly scalable appliance for EDWs is the
for Data Warehouses next step in the evolution of the data warehouse appliance origi-
In the past, organizations have taken either a centralized or a decen-
nally created by DATAllegro. It uses massively parallel processing
tralized approach to data warehouse needs. Both these approaches
(MPP) to deliver high performance and scalability on SQL Server
as traditionally practiced have had serious shortcomings. Centralized
2008, Windows Server® 2008 R2, and industry-standard
enterprise data warehouses (EDWs) tend to be extremely expensive
hardware. The MPP architecture enables better scalability (scale
and inflexible. As a result, business units become frustrated at the
out rather than scale up), better and more predictable perfor-
inability of the EDW to meet their needs at a sensible cost and within
mance, and a lower cost per terabyte than other EDW solutions.
a reasonable timeframe. On the other hand, decentralized data marts,
while more responsive to business unit needs, often result in many Using SQL Server 2008 R2 Parallel Data Warehouse, you can
versions of the same data. This makes it difficult to keep data consis- scale a data warehouse from tens to hundreds of tera-bytes.
tent across the enterprise. What’s more, the use of MPP eliminates the physical
limits imposed by CPU, memory and storage upon speed and
Whether monolithic or chaotically distributed, these traditional BI
scale that many EDW solutions using symmetric multi-processing
solutions tend to lock an organization into a major investment in
(SMP) architecture face. Query processing occurs entirely within
proprietary architecture and result in spiraling infrastructure costs.
one physical instance of a database. There’s no competition
At some point, a forklift upgrade is often required, triggered by
for resources.
factors such as performance degradation, lack of storage space,
changes in business practices, a desire to reduce IT’s carbon The Microsoft implementation of the appliance model in partner-
footprint, increases in users, or any combination of these issues. ship with various hardware vendors uses Intel Xeon processor-
Such experiences have led many organizations to seek a more based platforms that have been pre-tuned and optimized for
scalable, agile EDW environment. sequential I/O. All components are balanced against each other to
reduce any potential performance bottlenecks (from the storage
For some, hub-and-spoke architectures, sometimes referred to as
area network, or SAN, to each processor core). Equally impor-
“federated” EDWs, have appeared to be the perfect compromise.
tant, all server and storage components are mirrored for enter-
They match the business structure of most large enterprises by
prise-class redundancy. To maximize performance over the MPP
offering a centralized EDW and a set of dependent data marts.
architecture, a control node routes queries from applications to all
The hub allows the enterprise as a whole to set and enforce
compute nodes, then collects and returns the result.
common standards while enabling analysis and reports that cut
across business units. The data mart spokes allow business units
to meet their own needs quickly at relatively low cost and also
conform to the IT requirements of the overall enterprise. Unfortu-
nately, hub-and-spoke systems have been notoriously difficult to
implement, until now.

2
 T ECHNIC AL WHIT E PAPER

BI Tools

Departmental
Reporting
Microsoft
SQL Query Tools Microsoft SQL Server
Office 2007
2008 Enterprise
Fast Track

Regional Microsoft SQL Server High-Performance

Mobile Apps Reporting 2008 R2 Parallel Data HQ Reporting Server Apps
Warehouse
Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server
2008 Enterprise
BI Tools 2008 Reporting Services Client Apps
Fast Track Microsoft SQL Server
2008 R2 Parallel Data
Warehouse
Landing Zone

Central EDW Hub

SSIS SSIS

Third-Party RDBMS ETL Tools Data Files Third-Party RDBMS

Figure 1. As a massively parallel processing appliance (MPP), Microsoft Parallel Data Warehouse acts as an enterprise hub
that publishes data as needed to various business units or departments (spokes). For dedicated high-performance require-
ments, individual business units can redeploy SQL Server® 2008 data marts as spokes.

A key advantage of MPP architecture is the ability to leverage
multiple concurrent resources to resolve SQL Server set opera-
tions against distributed data. Each instance works in parallel
on its own distribution of a single user query. SQL Server 2008
R2 Parallel Data Warehouse supports up to 10 parallel instances
of SQL Server DBMS per data rack. A four-rack system would
support up to 40 instances. SQL Server 2008 R2 Parallel
Data Warehouse’s use of MPP eliminates contention per user
query and dedicates a full set of resources for each query in an
“ultra shared nothing” design to deliver predictably fast results.
Resource and data independence are maintained in each
database management system (DBMS) instance. Because data is
evenly distributed across multiple nodes and processing occurs
in parallel, queries can be handled many times faster than on
single SMP database servers. What’s more, as data volumes
grow, scaling up requires just adding additional capacity to the
appliance. You can scale out continually to add new resources
with another box/instance. As you add more nodes, system
performance scales linearly.
SQL Server 2008 R2 Parallel Data Warehouse supports
third-party BI solutions and provides seamless integration
with Microsoft BI products, including:
• Microsoft Office and Microsoft PowerPivot for Excel®
• Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Analysis Services
• Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Reporting Services
• Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Integration Services
• Microsoft® SharePoint® Server 2010

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TECHNICAL WHITE PAPER
The Basis for a Better
Hub-and-Spoke Architecture
SQL Server 2008 R2 Parallel Data Warehouse revolutionizes
the hub-and-spoke solution by enabling it to include not only
MPP appliances, but SMP instances of SQL Server 2008 and
SQL Server Analysis Services. This makes it possible to redeploy
existing SMP data marts and plug them into the MPP cluster as
spokes, receiving data from the MPP hub. The SMP data marts
are viewed as nodes within a grid. The result is a highly flexible,
affordable, and scalable platform that, for the first time, makes
large-scale hub-and-spoke EDW architectures a practical reality.
Organizations get the benefits of central control and governance
with the agility of decentralized data marts.
SQL Server Fast Track Data Warehouse
To help organizations accelerate their data warehouse roadmap,
Microsoft offers its SQL Server Fast Track Data Warehouse.
This set of scalable reference architectures and best practices
for data warehousing takes the guesswork out of hardware and
architectural decisions for the database layer of SQL Server-
based BI solutions and speeds deployment or migration of data
Microsoft
SQL Server 2008
Windows
Server 2008
Processors
Networking
Server
Storage
Figure 2. Fast Track Data Warehouse Components
4
warehouses. Organizations can choose the right performance,
scalability and pricing to suit their business needs. Individual
marts can scale from four to 48 terabytes using compression
capabilities in SQL Server 2008 R2 Enterprise.
Like SQL Server 2008 R2 Parallel Data Warehouse, SQL Server
Fast Track Data Warehouse is designed to provide resource and
data independence for each DBMS instance. Because data is
evenly distributed across multiple nodes, queries can be many
times faster than on single SMP database servers.
SQL Server Fast Track Data Warehouse enables organizations to
deploy a high-performance, enterprise-class warehouse without the
high cost of traditional systems or all the time-consuming hardware
testing and tuning. Pre-configured servers, storage and networking
using industry-standard hardware come specifically balanced and
optimized for warehousing and better “out of the box” performance.
Organizations that build data warehouses using Microsoft Fast
Track Data Warehouse reference architectures can easily incorpo-
rate them as spokes in a parallel data warehouse hub and spoke
system. This enables you to maintain enterprise data in a parallel
data warehouse hub and publish the data as needed to data marts
supporting departments and business units.
Software
• SQL Server 2008 Enterprise
• Windows Server 2008
Configuration Guidelines
• Physical table structures
• Indexes
• Compression
• SQL Server settings
• Windows Server settings
• Loading
Hardware
• Tight specifications for servers,
storage and networking
• “Per core” building block
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Best Performance on Intel® Xeon® Powering SQL Server 2008 R2

Processor-based Platforms
For SQL Server 2008 R2 Parallel Data Warehouse appliances
and SQL Server Fast Track Data Warehouse reference architec-
ture, Microsoft specifies platforms using the Intel Xeon processor
E7-8800/4800/2800 family and the Intel Xeon processor
5600/5500 series. These processors provide great performance
at a low price per terabyte, as well as the advanced system-level
features and functionality – such as independent CPU, memory,
I/O scaling, and hard partitioning – necessary for balanced
platforms designed to process queries within one physical instance
of a database and partition large tables across multiple physical
nodes. Intel Xeon processors rewrite the book on how processors
work and interact with system memory and other server compo-
nents. Consequently, these processors are ideal for a parallel, ultra
shared nothing architecture where each node has dedicated CPU,
memory and storage, and runs its own instance of SQL Server.
Parallel Data Warehouse with
the Intel Xeon processor E7-
8800/4800/2800 family
The latest Intel Xeon processor E7-8800/4800/2800 family-
based servers take price/performance to new heights, deliv-
ering dramatically increased capability for BI solutions. These
servers provide the biggest leap ever in generation-to-gener-
ation performance2 for an Intel Xeon processor family. Bench-
marks demonstrate up to 2.8x better database performance2
than previous-generation servers, and world record perfor-
mance has been documented across more than 20 enterprise
and technical computing benchmarks.3 For SQL Server 2008 R2
Parallel Data Warehouse appliances, the Intel Xeon processor
E7-8800/4800/2800 family offers trans-formative new value,
helping them challenge high-end UNIX*/RISC systems for
scalability and availability, but at a fraction of the cost and
with a greater choice of vendors.

Dramatic Increases in Computing Resources

Cores

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Core/Cache Interconnect

30 MB

System System
Interface Interface
Router

Integrated Memory Integrated Memory

Controller 1 Controller 2
Intel® QPI
Link Controller

4 Full-Width
Intel® Scalable Intel Scalable
Intel® QuickPath
Memory Interconnect Memory Interconnect
Interconnect (Intel® QPI)

Figure 3. With major increases in core count, cache, system bandwidth, memory bandwidth, memory capacity, and I/O
bandwidth, the Intel Xeon processor E7-8800/4800/2800 family brings unprecedented performance and scalability to four-
socket and larger industry-standard servers.

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TECHNICAL WHITE PAPER
The Intel Xeon processor E7-8800/4800/2800 family supports
server designs with two, four, or eight sockets without the need
for customized OEM chipsets and delivers scalable perfor-
mance across all these configurations. The Intel Xeon processor
E7-8800/4800/2800 family is ideal for parallel data warehousing
applications with 10 cores and 30MB cache size. With 80 high-
performance processor cores, 160 execution threads, and 2 TB
of memory, an eight-socket system provides ample resources for
heavy workloads.
The Intel Xeon processor E7-8800/4800/2800 family provides
increases in both per-socket computing resources and total
system scalability make it perfect for SQL Server 2008 R2
Parallel Data Warehouse appliances.
• M
 ore and higher performing cores. Each processor
provides up to eight (versus four) cores based on the latest
high-performance microarchitecture. Each core supports
Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology † (Intel® HT Technology)
so it can process two simultaneous software threads. This
delivers more efficient processing for multi-threaded applica-
tions like SQL Server.
• U
 p to eight times more memory bandwidth. Intel® Quick-
Path Technology and an integrated memory controller speed
traffic between processors and other components to reduce
latency and optimize the use of system bandwidth, delivering
better application responsiveness and greater throughput/
processor for bandwidth-intensive SQL Server 2008 data
warehousing, BI and other Windows®-based applications.
With two integrated memory controllers and two Intel® Scalable
Memory Interconnect links per controller, each socket can
support up to 50 GB/s4 for fast access to large datasets. Each
processor also provides up to 30 MB of on-die cache, so large
quantities of frequently used data can be accessed at or near
clock speed for even faster processing. Non-uniform memory
access (NUMA) support translates into breakthrough perfor-
mance for demanding, memory-intensive applications.
• F our times the memory capacity. Each socket can support
up to 16 32 GB DIMMS using standard DDR3 memory compo-
nents, which are connected using Intel® Scalable Memory
Buffers. This dramatic increase in memory capacity is ideal for
hosting large databases and other data-intensive applications.
Intel Xeon processors help lower power consumption and
6
improve price/performance for demanding database applications
by optimizing the ratio of throughput to total power consumed.
They include a variety of technologies that adapt intelligently to
workloads to ensure that performance and energy efficiency
are dynamically optimized at all times.
• Intel® Turbo Boost Technology§ automatically increases core
frequencies above rated values for heavy workloads when
thermals allow. This enables SQL Server 2008 R2 Parallel Data
Warehouse appliances to deliver peak performance to certain
queries when needed without increasing power consumption
for lighter workloads.
• I ntel® Intelligent Power Technology◊ tailors energy consump-
tion to workload demands by automatically switching to the
lowest power state that does not detract from performance.
Power management tasks allow the operating system, in
conjunction with “hardware available,” to strike an equilibrium
between performance and the resources consumed.
As dramatic as these performance, scalability and energy
efficiency advances are, there’s still more to the Intel Xeon
processor E7-8800/4800/2800 family story. More than 20
mainframe-inspired reliability, availability, and serviceability
(RAS) features help provide a number of benefits.5
• S
 uperior data integrity. Advanced support for error detection,
correction, and containment across all major components and
communication pathways.
• I mproved system availability. Multiple levels of redundancy,
plus OS-assisted system recovery from certain uncorrectable
errors that would have brought down previous-generation
servers. Intel® Enhanced Machine Check Architecture (MCA)
Recovery technology – usually found in high-end RISC and
Itanium®-based systems – enables systems to detect and correct
errors in the CPU, memory, and I/O, working in conjunction with
the operating system, to enable the high levels of uptime that
mission-critical systems are required to deliver.
• E nhanced serviceability. Predictive failure analysis that
enables problematic components to be identified and replaced
before they fail. Static hard partitioning with electrical isolation
is also supported to provide strong workload isolation and
enable more efficient maintenance cycles.
 T ECHNIC AL WHIT E PAPER

Implementing Enterprise-Class The Memory and Data Bandwidth

SQL Server 2008 Fast Track Data to Maximize Performance
Warehouses with the Intel Xeon To deliver top performance for bandwidth-intensive applica-
processor 5600/5500 series tions like DBMS, the Intel Xeon processor 5600 series features
the same Intel QuickPath Technology found in the Intel Xeon
What distinguishes a Fast Track Data Warehouse from a typical
processor E7-8800/4800/2800 family. Each processor has
online transaction processing (OLTP) database is that all compo-
its own dedicated memory that it accesses directly through an
nents – from CPU to disk – are balanced for online analytical
integrated memory controller. In the Intel Xeon processor 5600
processing (OLAP), with a primary emphasis on eliminating
series, this scalable, shared memory architecture delivers memory
potential performance bottlenecks. Optimized for sequential
bandwidth leadership with up to 4.4x the bandwidth of previous-
I/O rather than random I/O, each Fast Track Data Warehouse
generation processors,7 as well as high-speed (up to 25.6 GB/s)
is designed to provide up to 200 MB/s per CPU core. With the
point-to-point connections between processors, and between
right processors, you can make fast work of each query, plus
processors and the I/O hub. This ensures the data bandwidth
maximize energy cost savings.
necessary to keep each core running at capacity.
Increasingly, that right processor is the Intel Xeon processor
5600 series. Data marts built on Fast Track configurations using Security with Less Performance Cost
servers based on Intel Xeon processor 5600 series can target
For faster handling of encrypted data, the Intel Xeon processor
everything from a smaller departmental footprint of query activity
5600 series includes seven instructions (Advanced Encryp-
and data volume to departments requiring the handling of higher
tion Standard-New Instructions or AES-NI) that will be used by
concurrency and query complexity and optimized at more than 10
the AES algorithm. This set of instructions delivers over 3x the
TB of compressed storage.
encryption and decryption rate compared to prior AES processes.
An instruction called PCLMULQDQ will perform carry-less multi-
Power When You Need It, plication for use in cryptography. These instructions will allow the
Energy Savings When You Don’t
processor to perform hardware-accelerated encryption, not only
The Intel Xeon processor 5600 series automatically regulates resulting in faster execution but also protecting against software
power consumption and intelligently adjusts server performance targeted attacks.
according to application demand, maximizing both energy cost
savings and performance. The secret to this surprising combi- Other Processor Options
nation is Intel’s 32nm microarchitecture. Like the Intel Xeon
For lower scale Fast Track Data Warehouse applications,
processor E7-8800/4800/2800 family, the Intel Xeon processor
platforms can be built from Microsoft scalable reference
5600 series uses Intel Turbo Boost Technology to intelligently
architectures with the Intel Xeon processor 5500 series. It
adjust performance to application needs (automatically increasing
offers many of the key intelligent performance and energy-
core frequencies above rated values for heavy workloads when
efficiency benefits provided by the Intel Xeon processor 5600
thermals allow) and Intel Intelligent Power Technology to reduce
series, but in a lower performance quad-core design. Alter-
energy costs by automatically shifting the CPU and memory into
nately, “super” data marts for more demanding data warehouse
the lowest available power state. In fact, the Intel Xeon processor
needs within a specific part of an organization (or to offload
5600 series delivers the same performance as previous genera-
applications from an enterprise data warehouse for high-speed
tion servers but uses up to 30 percent less power.6 Available with
aggregation and queries) can be sent up with the Intel Xeon
up to six cores, the Intel Xeon processor 5600 series provides
processor E7-8800/4800/2800 family using the Fast Track Data
up to 12 processing threads through its Intel Hyper-Threading
Warehouse reference architectures, providing a potent data mart
Technology to further maximize performance and efficiency.
or spoke in your deployment of a SQL Server 2008 R2 Parallel
Data Warehouse appliance.

7
 Summary
SQL Server 2008 R2 Enterprise enables organizations to quickly Learn More
deploy small data warehouses or data marts on industry-standard For more information on Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2
hardware with the Microsoft Fast Track Data Warehouse option. Parallel Data Warehouse, visit www.microsoft.com/
As an organization’s data grows to hundreds of terabytes and the sqlserver/2008/en/us/parallel-data-warehouse.aspx
need for a full-scale data warehouse arises, these data marts
For more information on Microsoft SQL Server 2008
(and existing SMP data marts) can become part of a scale-out
Fast Track Data Warehouse, visit www.microsoft.com/
solution using SQL Server 2008 R2 Parallel Data Warehouse.
sqlserver/2008/en/us/fasttrack.aspx
The highest performing implementations of these solutions use
Intel Xeon processor E7-8800/4800/2800 family and Intel Xeon For more information on the Intel Xeon processor
processor 5600 series, respectively. The unique synergy between E7-8800/4800/2800 family and the Intel Xeon processor
these processors and Microsoft data warehouse solutions deliver 5600/5500 series, visit www.intel.com/itcenter/
Intel and Microsoft platform leadership, with higher performance products/xeon/index.htm
platforms that allow IT to support more applications and users per
from leading hardware vendors and software. This appliance
server, so a business can continue to grow without outgrowing
model significantly accelerates your time to value and reduces
its data warehouse capacity. As data volumes grow, scalability
deployment costs. Through carefully balanced configuration,
requires simply the addition of capacity to the appliance. There is
tight specifications, and testing, and the use of industry-leading
no need for a “forklift upgrade” where the entire appliance must
Intel Xeon processors, the Parallel Data Warehouse MPP appli-
be upgraded. Deploying these platforms, organizations can signifi-
ance is designed to deliver predictable performance. Micro-
cantly reduce the effort required to deploy your data warehouse
soft reference configurations suit a number of different usage
solution, realize better price/performance, boost business agility,
scenarios, including reporting and ad hoc queries. As data grows
and take advantage of the business insights you can gain from
and business needs change, Microsoft solutions and Intel-
better and faster access to your data. Parallel Data Warehouse
based servers offer excellent options to support more users and
appliances include carefully balanced, pre-assembled hardware
evolving business needs.

† 
Hyper-Threading Technology requires a computer system with an Intel processor supporting Hyper-Threading Technology and an HT Technology enabled chipset, BIOS and operating system. Performance will vary depending on
the specific hardware and software you use. See http://www.intel.com/info/hyperthreading/ for more information including details on which processors support HT Technology.
ntel® Turbo Boost Technology requires a platform with a processor with Intel Turbo Boost Technology capability. Intel Turbo Boost Technology performance varies depending on hardware, software and overall system
§ I

configuration. Check with your platform manufacturer on whether your system delivers Intel Turbo Boost Technology. For more information, see http://www.intel.com/technology/turboboost.
◊ 
Intel® Intelligent Power Technology requires a computer system with an enabled Intel® processor, chipset, BIOS and for some features, an operating system enabled for it. Functionality or other benefits may vary depending on
hardware implementation and may require a BIOS and/or operating system update. Please check with your system vendor for details.
1 
Comparison based on results published at www.tpc.org as of September 21, 2010. For complete configuration details, see: http://www.intel.com/performance/server/xeon_mp/server.htm
2 
Source: Based on Microsoft SQL Server® 2008 R2 database TPC Benchmark* E results published/submitted at www.tpc.org as of June 21, 2010.
3 
For the latest benchmarks, visit the Intel Web site at: http://www.intel.com/performance/server/index.htm
4 
50 GB/s is a theoretical maximum for the Intel® Xeon® processor 7500 series. Actual values depend on where on the platform the measurement is made.
5 
Some new reliability, availability and serviceability features in Intel® Xeon® processor 7500 series-based servers require OS or server platform support.
6 
Source: Intel internal measurements based on SPECint_rate_base2006 (Linux). Baseline Configuration and Score on Benchmark Supermicro* pre-production system with two Intel® Xeon® processor X5570 (2.93 GHz, 8MB
L3, 6.4 GT/s, Quad-core 95W TDP) BIOS rev 01/06/2010, C3 Disabled, C6 Enabled, Turbo Enabled, HT enabled, NUMA Enabled, Automatic Fan, 24 GB (6x4 GB DDR3-1333 DR registered ECC), 1x150 GB 10K RPM SATA HDD,
1x800w PSU, SLES 11 kernel: 2.6.27.19-5-default x86_64. Source: Intel internal testing as of Feb 2010. SPECint_rate_base2006 score: 249. New Configuration and Score on Benchmark Supermicro* pre-production system
with two Intel® Xeon® processor L5640 (2.26 GHz, 8MB L3, 5.86 GT/s, Hex-core 60W TDP) BIOS rev 01/06/2010, C3 Disabled, C6 Enabled, Turbo Enabled, HT enabled, NUMA Enabled, Automatic Fan, 24 GB (6x4 GB DDR3-
1333 DR registered ECC), 1x150 GB 10K RPM SATA HDD, 1x800w PSU, SLES 11 kernel: 2.6.27.19-5-default x86_64. Source: Intel internal testing as of Feb 2010. SPECint_rate_base2006 score: 257.
7 
STREAM_MP-Triad benchmark results comparing 2S Intel® Xeon® processor E5472 (12M Cache, 3.00 GHz, 1600 MHz FSB) 16 GB memory (8x2 GB FB DDR2-800) based server platform to 2S Intel® Xeon® processor X5680
(12M Cache, 3.33 GHz, 6.40 GT/s Intel® QPI) based server platform, 24 GB memory (12x4 GB DDR3-1333). Source: Intel internal measurements SSG TR#942 and TR#1071 as of February 12, 2010.
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