An Insight into

Embedded system Design

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Outline

 Introduction
 Application Areas
 ESD Development Cycle
 F d
Fundamentals l off Microcontroller
Mi ll
 Choosing a Microcontroller
 Conclusion
 Questions?

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Intelligent Systems
• What is Embedded System in General?
y

It is a combination of Computer Hardware, Software and perhaps 
additional Mechanical Parts, designed to perform a Specific Function.
dditi lM h i lP t d i dt f S ifi F ti

• G d t
Gadgets are increasingly becoming Intelligent and Autonomous.
i i l b i I t lli t d A t

• The Intelligence of these Smart Devices resides in Embedded 
e te ge ce o t ese S a t e ces es des bedded
Systems. 
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Desktop Vs Embedded System

• In contrast to Desktops that performs a Variety of Tasks, an 
p p y ,
Embedded System performs a Single, Well‐Defined Task. 

• The System has a Processor, Associated Peripherals, and Software for 
a Specific Purpose.
• For example, in a Mobile Phone the Embedded Processor needs to 
Process Voice (to Send and Receive Speech Signals) as well as 
implement Communication Protocols. 

• The Hardware is Custom Built for the Specific Purpose.

The Hardware is Custom Built for the Specific Purpose.
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Outline

 Introduction
 Application Areas
 ESD Development Cycle
 F d
Fundamentals l off Microcontroller
Mi ll
 Choosing a Microcontroller
 Conclusion
 Questions?

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5 Key
ey Markets
a ets

Communications

Reliability S
Security
it

Network Infrastructure
Digital Consumer
Core OS Aerospace & Defense Services
I d ti l
Industrial

Automotive
Middleware Management

Development Tools

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Generalization
Ge e a at o of o Application
pp cat o Areas
eas

 Embedded Systems cover such a broad range of products that 
y g p
generalization is difficult. Here are some broad categories:
 Aerospace and Defense Electronics
 Automotive
 Broadcast and Entertainment
 Consumer and Internet Appliances
Consumer and Internet Appliances
 Data Communication
 Digital Imaging
g g g
 Industrial Measurement and Control
 Telecommunications
 Mobile Data Infrastructures etc.

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Digital
g Consumer Markets

 Broadband Access
Broadband Access
 Cable, xDSL modems, Home Gateways
 Home Media Servers
 I t
Interactive Digital TV
ti Di it l TV
 Cable, Satellite and Terrestrial STBs
 HDTVs
 Digital Imaging
 Digital Cameras,
 Printers, MFPs, Scanners, Fax
, , ,
 Mobile & Handheld
 Mobile phones
 PDAs
 Digital Audio/Video
 Web‐Tablets
 Screen phones
S h

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In The Connected Home

CMI Digital IceBox

Kitchen Appliance
Sony AirBoard Fuji Film FinePix 40i
IDT-LF1 Wireless Digital Camera
Internet TV Polaroid Ceiva
Internet Picture Frame

B&O HDTV

Media Server Gateway Sharp NC20

Toshiba SD-9200 Internet Screen Phone
DVD Player

Compaq iPaq Music Sony NW-E3

Apple Airport II
Center Network Walkman
Digital Jukebox with iMac
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Industrial
dust a Market
a et and
a d Applications
pp cat o s

 Industrial Automation
 Power Control
 Motion Control
 Generation
 Semiconductor
 Power Distribution
 Manufacturing
 Load Balancing
 Robotics
 Demand regulation
 Process Control
Process Control
 Medical Systems
d l
 Chemical
 Radiation
 Steel production
 MRI
 W
Waste & water
&
 Ultrasound
 Paper & pulp
 Instrumentation
 Building Automation
Building Automation  Smart transducers
S d
 Environmental controls  Recorders
 Security  Oscilloscopes
p

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Market Trends

• Emissions Regulations 
• S f
Safety 
• Fuel Economy
• Assembly Costs 
• Connectivity 
• Personalization (smart cards)

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Automotive Electronics
Infotainment
• R di
Radio Connectivity
• Radio
• CD
• GPS
• DVD
• Satellite
• Navigation
• Electronic tolls
• Toll payment
• Cellular (2G,2.5G,3G)
• Satellite radio
• Transponders (to the
• Telematic transceiver
roadside & home)

Consumer Devices
Under the Hood • Cell phone/pager
• Engine • PDA
• Transmission • Headset
• ABS,
ABS VSC,
VSC TC • MP3
• Airbags • Cameras
• Cruise control • Laptop
• HVAC • Games
G
• Security and entry

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Market Structure

Satellite Radio
• XM Radio
• Sirius

Service Providers
• OnStar
Vehicle OEM’s • Wingcast
• GM, Ford, Daimler, • TeleAid
BMW Toyota,…
BMW, T t • Targa
• Vodofone
• DoCoMo
S
Suppliers

Tier-1 Auto Suppliers Consumer Product Co’s

• Delphi,
p , Bosch,, Visteon,, • Sony,
y, Pioneer,, Alpine,
p ,
Denso, Siemens, Becker,… Clarion, Thales,…

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Fiat Research Center

 Fiat CRF Sysnet: Driver and passenger multimedia services
y p g

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Example Application: Fuel Cell Engine Controller

 Company: XCellsis Fuel Cell Engines
 A li i
Application:  F l C ll E i C
Fuel Cell Engine Controller (heavy‐duty transit bus)
ll (h d i b )
 Description: Fuel cell engine controller regulates power output from hydrogen 
fuel cells to drive train for a heavy‐duty bus application.

Target CPU: MPC555
 Memory:
 26KB RAM (internal)
 448 KB flash (internal) 
Devices Used:
 Devices Used:
 Timer
 CAN bus
 QADC (A/D)
QADC (A/D)
 QSPI (on‐board serial)
 SCI (RS232)
 TPU 
 MIOS
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Aerospace
p and Defense
Everything is Getting Connected

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Increased Software Complexity

Application and Kernel

1 000 000+ lines of code
Browser/GUI
Java
Advanced
Interconnect
X Windows Advanced
Networking
Application and Kernel WindNet
High Availability
100 000 li
lines off code
d M
Memory
Management Memory
Management
Multiprocessing
Multiprocessing
File System File System
y File System
Network Network Network
Kernel Kernel Kernel Kernel

1980 1990 1996 1999

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The Top Architectures

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Outline

 Introduction
 Application Areas
 ESD Development Cycle
 F d
Fundamentals l off Microcontroller
Mi ll
 Choosing a Microcontroller
 Conclusion
 Questions?

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www.pantechsolutions.net

The embedded development

Networking
Protocols Graphics Memory
Java Project
RTOSs Support Leak
Compiler Support & Code Rapid Real-time Post-
Detection
M
Mgmt. RTOS Prototyping Data CPU mortem
Simulation Visualization Profiling Debug

SW SELECTION SW DEVELOPMENT
INTEGRATION TESTING & TUNING DEPLOYMENT

HW SELECTION HW DEVELOPMENT
Real-time Execution In-field
Tracing Code
Source- System Debugging
Board Coverage
level A l i &
Analysis
Diagnostics & Analysis
Board Debugging Triggering
Bring-Up Manufacturing
Semiconductor Test
Co-funded
Development Hardware
Coverage

© 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved

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Outline

 Introduction
 Application Areas
 ESD Development Cycle
 F d
Fundamentals l off Microcontroller
Mi ll
 Choosing a Microcontroller
 Conclusion
 Questions?

© 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved

Choosing a Microcontroller

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Growth of 32
32-bit
bit market

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Basics of Designing a system

 Market Analyzes Market Needs/Drivers & Develops New Product

specification

 Environment sensors, Motors, LCD Display, Keypad, etc

 Engineering Determines what functions required of microcontroller

to meet specification

 Engineering Team searches for MCU & other system components

that will deliver End System to specification.

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Choosing a Microcontroller

 Up-Front System Design

 Spreadsheets
 Feature requirements
 Tool requirements
q
 Evaluation Boards

 Hardware Vs Software
 Complexity of MCU

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Choosing
g a Microcontroller: Parametric Aspects
p

Features / On-chip Peripherals Communication Interface

 ADC  SPI
 DAC
 CAN
 UART
 Analog Comparator
 USB
 PWM  others
th
 LCD Control
 Timers Package
 JTAG
Size
Pins
 I/Os

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Choosing
g a Microcontroller : Parametric Aspects
p

 Power
 Sleep Modes
 Voltage
 Current
 Speed
 Clock Frequency
 Critical Instructions
 Interrupt Latency
 Reliability
 Application Demands
 M
Memory
 Size
 Type

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Choosing
C oos g a Microcontroller
c oco t o e : Other
Ot e Aspects
spects

 Familiarity
-Personal Experience
-Senior Engineer
g
 Price
-Device
-Volume
-Software Tools
 IDE, Debugger
IDE
 Compiler
 OS
 Available Kits
-Evaluation
-Development
p
-Reference Design
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Choosing
C oos g a Microcontroller
c oco t o e : Other
Ot e Aspects
spects

 Support
 Documentation
 White papers
 Reference
f Designs
 Example code, User Guide
 Errata sheet
 Apps Engineers
 Response Times
 Community
 Portability / Scalability

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Selection of Processors

DSP
MICROPROCESSORS/
MICROCONTROLLERS

GENERAL PURPOSE
CPLD/FPGA PROCESSORS

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Selection of Packages

SOLDERING
IRON

QFP
DIP SOLDERING
STATION

PLCC BGA

OVEN
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Hardware design flow

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Software Design Flow

Simulation Evaluation

E l ti
Emulation

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I/O : Serial Interfaces

 Allow communication with other devices

 USB(Universal Serial Bus)
 CAN(Controller Area Network)
 SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface)
 I2C(Inter
I2C(I t Integrated
I t t d Circuit)
Ci it)
 UART(Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter)
 LIN(Local
LIN(L l IInterconnect
t t Network)
N t k)
 Ethernet
 Also
Al wireless
i l iinterfaces
t f
 Zigbee
 Bluetooth

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On-Chip
On Chip Peripherals
 Timer
 LCD Controller
 T
Touchscreen
h C t ll
Controller
 Keypad Controller
 GPIO pins
 A/D Converter
 D/A Converter
 A l C
Analog Comparator
t
 Pulse Width Modulator(PWM)

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Licensed
ce sed Co
Cores
es

 8051 (MCS-51)
 -NXP, Atmel, Silicon Labs, Dallas/Maxim, Infineon,
ST Rabbit,
ST, R bbit and
d others
th
 ARM
 -NXP, ST, Luminary Micro, Freescale, Atmel,
Samsung, Texas Instruments, OKI, Energy Micro,
and others
 MIPS
 Microchip

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Broad Range Vendors

 Renesas  Luminary Micro

 Freescale  Cyan
 Infineon  Maxim/Dallas
 Texas Instruments  Cypress
 ST Microelectronics  Energy Micro
 NEC  Analog Devices
 Microchipp  Jennic
 Atmel  Zilog
 Fujitsu  Silicon Labs
 Samsung  Rabbit
 NXP 
 Toshiba ……and many more

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