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CONTENTS INCLUDE:
n
What is JBoss EAP 5? Getting Started with
JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 5
n
Installing EAP 5
n
Directory Structure
n
Administration
n
Management By Scott Marlow, Jaikiran Pai, Shelly McGowan,
Application Deployment and more...
Brian Stansberry, and Len DiMaggio
n

docs XML DTD and schemas for reference. Also example configuration
WHAT IS JBOSS EAP 5? files for setting up datasources (e.g. MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL).

lib Contains server startup JARs and not intended to hold application
JBoss Enterprise Application Platform is an open source JAR files.
implementation of the Java EE suite of services. It comprises
server Contains the JBoss server profile sets.
a set of offerings for enterprise customers who are looking
for preconfigured profiles of JBoss Enterprise Middleware
components that have been tested and certified together DIRECTORY STRUCTURE
to provide an integrated experience. Its easy-to-use server
architecture and high flexibility makes JBoss the ideal choice JBoss EAP 5 configuration profiles are located within the
for users just starting out with Java EE, as well as senior jboss-as/server directory (specified with “run -c PROFILE” ):
architects looking for a customizable middleware platform. 

default JavaEE 5 server profile. Has most frequently used EE services.
Default does not include JAXR, IIOP, clustering services.
Because it is Java-based, JBoss Enterprise Application Platform
is cross platform, easy to install and use on any operating all Bundles all services (including clustering and RMI/IIOP).
system that supports Java. The readily available source code is
production based on “all” profile, tuned for production; with log verbosity
a powerful learning tool to debug the server and understand it. reduced, deployment scanning every 60 seconds, and memory
It also gives you the flexibility to create customized versions for usage tuned to accommodate production deployment
requirements, configured to require authorization checks.
your personal or business use.
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standard based on ‘all’ profile and is a fully certified Java EE 5 configuration.


Visit the http://www.jboss.com/products/community-enterprise/
website to download JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 5. web lightweight configuration created around JBoss Web and provides
services required for web application deployment and a subset of
Java EE technologies. Does not include JBoss Transaction JTS or
INSTALLING JBOSS EAP 5 XTS, Enterprise Java Bean 1.x or 2.x capabilities, JBoss Messaging,
JCA, or JBoss IIOP

minimal Bare minimum required to start. Includes logging, JNDI and URL
1. Installation using the Graphical Installer deployment scanner. Use JMX/JBoss to start your own services.
No web container, EJB or JMS support is included.
The graphical installer will guide you through the installation
steps. Invoke the installer using the command:
ADMINISTRATION
java -jar enterprise-installer-5.0.1.GA.jar

To start the JBoss EAP server, simply change to the EAP_DIST/


2. Installation using the Zip Distribution
jboss-as/bin directory. Set the environment variable JAVA_
Use the unzip command: HOME. Execute the run.bat (for Windows) or run.sh (for Linux,
unzip jboss-eap-5.0.1.GA.zip

Use the same steps to install optional native package:


Getting Started with JBoss EAP 5

unzip jboss-eap-native-5.0.1.GA-<operating-system>-<arch>.zip
Need to integrate Spring, Hibernate,
or Seam with JBoss AS?
DIRECTORY STRUCTURE We’ve already done it for you. JBoss Enterprise
Application Platform 5.0 includes pre-integrated
frameworks for building all sorts of Java apps.
Contents of jboss-as: • Customize your app server footprint
• Simply your configurations
Directory Description
• Bring the power of full text search to your
bin Contains startup, shutdown and other system-specific scripts. All app with Hibernate Search
entry point JAR files and start scripts are here. • Use our pre-integrated Apache CXF web services stack
• Seam, Hibernate, and Hibernate Search tooling through
client JAR files used by external Java client applications. Choose JAR
JBoss Developer Studio Hibernate queries
files as required or use jbossall-client.jar
Download today: jboss.com/download
common/lib Shared JAR files common to profiles are here.

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2
Getting Started with JBoss EAP5

Unix, Mac OSX) script, as appropriate for your operating system. • Start the server:
./run.sh
Administering your JBoss EAP 5 server instance is easy with the
administration consoles provided in this distribution. Once the • JBoss will deploy your application when it boots up.
server is started, simply point your browser to: • That’s it!
http://localhost:8080
This approach does not require the server to be started
This brings you to the consoles to manage your instance as well when you are deploying your application. If you want to
as links to on-line resource references. Hot undeploy the application then just move (or delete) the
Tip application from the deploy folder. You can develop simple
Use the Administration Console for managing and monitoring scripts (like an Ant script) to deploy the application to
a server instance. Deploy, undeploy, and update enterprise JBoss. All it takes is a file copy command.
applications, persist configuration changes for Datasources, JMS
topics and queues, Connection Factories, and Service Binding Using the admin console
Manager, monitor standard JVM metrics, and view statistics and • Start the server
invoke operations on many other components.
./run.sh

The JMX Console provides a server view. It lists all registered


• Login to the admin console
services (MBeans). Administration Console shares the same
(http://localhost:8080/admin-console)
username/password as JMX console.

Command-line scripts are available in the jboss-as/bin directory.


In addition to scripts for starting and stopping the server, JBoss
provides a command line tool that allows for interaction with a
remote server instance. This tool is called twiddle (for twiddling
bits via JMX) and is located in the bin directory. Twiddle is a
command execution tool, not a general command shell. Run
using the twiddle.sh/twiddle.bat scripts, and passing in a -h(--
help) argument provides the basic syntax, and --help-commands
shows commands. Twiddle defaults to the localhost at port
1099 to lookup the default jmx/rmi/RMIAdaptor binding of
the RMIAdaptor service as the connector for communicating
with the JMX server. To connect to a different server/port
combination, can use the -s (--server) option:
• On the left hand side of the admin console page, under
$ ./twiddle.sh -s servername serverinfo -d jboss JBoss AS -> Applications, select the type of application
$ ./twiddle.sh -s servername:1099 serverinfo -d jboss
you want to deploy. Let’s consider a web application (.war)
in this example
MANAGEMENT
• Click the “Web Application (WAR)” link

The JBoss Operations Network (JON) management platform • In the right side section, under the “Summary” tab, click on
delivers centralized systems management that allows you to: “Add a new resource” button

• Coordinate stages of application’s life-cycle datasources


and messaging services
• Expose cohesive view of middleware components through
complex environments
• Improve operational efficiency/reliability through visibility
into production availability and performance
• Configure and roll out applications across complex
environments through a single tool

APPLICATION DEPLOYMENT

There are multiple ways to deploy applications to JBoss:


Simplest way
• Choose the server profile to which you want to deploy the • “Browse” to the .war file to deploy
application (let’s consider the “default” server profile in (e.g. /home/me/myapp.war)
this example) • If you want to deploy the application in exploded format
• Copy your application (for example: .war or .ear or a .jar (instead of an archive) then select “Yes” radio button for
file) to JBOSS_HOME/server/<profilename>/deploy folder. “Deploy Exploded” option

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3
Getting Started with JBoss EAP5

• Click on the “Continue” button Scenario 1: Nodes on Separate Machines


On node1, to launch JBoss:
• On successful deployment, you will see your application
listed in the Summary tab $ ./run.sh -c all -b 192.168.0.101 -Djboss.messaging.ServerPeerID=1

• To undeploy the application, click on the “Delete” On node2, it’s the same except for a different -b value and
button next to the application you want to undeploy, in the ServerPeerID:
“Summary” tab
$ ./run.sh -c all -b 192.168.0.102 -Djboss.messaging.ServerPeerID=2
Hot deployment
JBoss has a built-in hot deployer which can: The -c switch says to use the all config, which includes
• Detect new applications in the deploy folder and trigger an clustering support. The -b switch sets the address on which
application deployment sockets will be bound. The -D switch sets the system property
from which JBoss Messaging gets its unique id.
• Detect an application which was removed from the deploy
folder and trigger an application undeployment Scenario 2: Two Nodes on a Single, Non-Multihomed, Machine
• Detect that the deployment descriptor of an application Running multiple nodes on a single machine that only has
(for example, the web.xml of .war or application.xml of a single IP address is a common scenario in a development
.ear) has changed and trigger an application redeployment environment. You need to be sure each server instance has its
own work area. One way to do this is to simply make copies of
the all configuration. For example, assuming the root of the
The hot deployer is configured to run every X milliseconds.
Hot This value can be changed by changing the “scanPeriod” JBoss distribution was unzipped to /var/jboss, you could:
Tip attribute in JBOSS_HOME/server/<profilename>/deploy/
$ cd /var/jboss/server
hdscanner-jboss-beans.xml: $ cp -r all node1
$ cp -r all node2

<!-- Hotdeployment of applications --> Two processes can’t bind sockets to the same address and
<bean name=”HDScanner” class=”org.jboss.system.server.profileservice
.hotdeploy.HDScanner”>
port, so we’ll have to tell JBoss to use different ports for the
<property name=”deployer”><inject bean=”ProfileServiceDeployer”/></property> two instances. This can be done by setting the jboss.service.
<property name=”profileService”><inject bean=”ProfileService”/></property>
<property name=”scanPeriod”>5000</property> binding.set system property.
<property name=”scanThreadName”>HDScanner</property>
</bean> To launch the first instance, open a console window and:

To disable hot deployment, remove the hdscanner-jboss-beans. $ ./run.sh -c node1 -b 192.168.0.101 -Djboss.messaging.ServerPeerID=1 \
-Djboss.service.binding.set=ports-default
xml from the deploy folder or rename it to hdscanner-jboss-
beans.xml.bak (.bak files are ignored). For the second instance, in a second console window:

Clustering $ ./run.sh -c node2 -b 192.168.0.101 -Djboss.messaging.ServerPeerID=2 \


-Djboss.service.binding.set=ports-01
Getting started with JBoss clustering is very simple. If two
JBoss server instances using the all configuration are started This tells the ServiceBindingManager on the first node to use
on the same network, those servers will detect each other and the standard set of ports (e.g. JNDI on 1099). The second node
automatically form a cluster. uses the “ports-01” binding set, with which by default each port
Initial Preparation has an offset of 100 from the standard port number (e.g. JNDI
Preparing a set of servers to act as a JBoss cluster involves a few on 1199).
simple steps: Web Application Clustering Quick Start
• Install JBoss on all your servers. Web application clustering involves two aspects: setting up an
HTTP load balancer and telling JBoss to make the application’s
• For each node, determine the address to bind sockets to.
user sessions HA. How to do the former depends on what load
• Ensure multicast is working. Make sure each server’s balancer you choose (mod_cluster is a good choice); the latter
networking configuration supports multicast and that couldn’t be simpler – just add the <distributable/> to your
multicast support is enabled for any switches or routers application’s web.xml.
between your servers. JBoss clustering also offers non-
default configuration options that do not use multicast. EJB3 Session Bean Clustering Quick Start
To add load balancing and failover capabilities to your EJB3
• Determine a unique integer “ServerPeerID” for each
session beans, simply add the org.jboss.ejb3.annotation.
node. JBoss Messaging requires that each node in a
Clustered annotation to the bean class for your stateful or
cluster has a unique integer id, known as a
stateless bean:
“ServerPeerID”, that should remain consistent across
server restarts. A simple 1, 2, 3, ..., x naming scheme is fine. @javax.ejb.Stateful
@org.jboss.ejb3.annotation.Clustered
public class MyBean implements MySessionInt {
Launching Your Cluster
We’ll look at two scenarios for doing this. In each scenario we’ll public void test() {
// Do something cool
be creating a two node cluster, where the ServerPeerID for the }
}
first node is 1 and for the second node is 2.

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4
Getting Started with JBoss EAP5

To use a JGroups channel with message bundling enabled,


PERFORMANCE AND TUNING edit the <JBoss_Home>/server/<profilename>/deploy/cluster/
jboss-cache-manager.sar/META-INF/jboss-cache-jboss-beans.
Identify peak application workload and difference from xml file. For example, for the cache used by default for web
normal workload. In understanding peak workloads, don’t sessions:
go by averages as the peaks may be much more than the
. . .
averages calculated over a period. Start testing with a low
load and increase until expected peak load. Tune until target <!-- Standard cache used for web sessions -->
<entry><key>standard-session-cache</key>
performance is achieved. There are a number of possible <value>
performance optimizations. Always load test before and <bean name=”StandardSessionCacheConfig” class=”org.jboss.cache.config.
Configuration”>
after making changes to verify the intended effect. Make one . . .
<!-- Replace standard ‘udp’ JGroups stack with one that uses message
change at a time so it’s clear what change has what effect. bundling -->
<property name=”multiplexerStack”>udp-async</property>
. . .
Use OS monitoring tools to identify system performance
bottlenecks. In a multiple machine installation, find the
machine(s) that are the bottleneck.
 For FIELD granularity web sessions, in the same file the same
change can be made to the cache configuration with the field-
Instrument the application for performance measurement granularity-session-cache key. For EJB3 stateful session beans,
(make optional for production ). Also, turn on container call in the same file the same change can be made to the cache
statistics and Hibernate statistics. configuration with the sfsb-cache key.

Taking successive thread dumps indicates what is going on. Do Enabling Buddy Replication for Session Caches
this prior/after hitting a performance wall. Generate a thread In a cluster of more than two nodes, you can improve
dump once a minute over a five minute performance problem performance by enabling “buddy replication” in the web
and compare your findings. Use “jps -l” command to get the session and stateful session bean caches. With buddy
Java process ids and then run the “jstack ProcessID” command replication, instead of replicating a copy of sessions to all
(generates the thread dump.) nodes in the cluster, a copy is only replicated to a configurable
number of “buddy” nodes.
The HotSpot Java Virtual Machine contains other information
gathering tools which can help tune applications. More Buddy replication is enabled by editing the <JBoss_Home>/
information is in http://java.sun.com/javase/technologies/hotspot/. server/<profilename>/deploy/cluster/jboss-cache-manager.
sar/META-INF/jboss-cache-jboss-beans.xml file. For example,
jmap generates a memory heap dump file that can easily be
for the cache used by default for web sessions:
read by the Eclipse Memory Analyzer tool
(http://www.eclipse.org/mat/). jstat shows details of the . . .
memory space. <!-- Standard cache used for web sessions -->
<entry><key>standard-session-cache</key>
Clustering Tuning <value>
<bean name=”StandardSessionCacheConfig” class=”org.jboss.cache.config.
Ensuring Adequate Network Buffers Configuration”>
. . .
Inadequately sized network buffers can cause lost packets. <property name=”buddyReplicationConfig”>
Steps to increase max buffer sizes are OS specific. For Linux <bean class=”org.jboss.cache.config.BuddyReplicationConfig”>
<!-- Just set to true to turn on buddy replication -->
change /etc/sysctl.conf file: <property name=”enabled”>true</property>
. . .

# Allow a 25MB UDP receive buffer for JGroups


net.core.rmem_max = 26214400 For FIELD granularity web sessions, in the same file the same
# Allow a 1MB UDP send buffer for JGroups
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 change can be made to the cache configuration with the field-
granularity-session-cache key. For EJB3 stateful session beans,
Isolating Intra-Cluster Traffic in the same file the same change can be made to the cache
isolate intra-cluster traffic from external request traffic. This configuration with the sfsb-cache key.
requires multiple NICs on your server machines, with request
traffic coming in on one NIC and intra-cluster traffic using Reducing the Volume of Web Session Replication
another. Reducing the amount data being replicated can obviously
improve performance. This can be accomplished both by
./run.sh -c all -b 10.0.0.104 -Djgroups.bind_addr=192.168.100.104
avoiding replication when a request hasn’t actually updated
the session and by limiting replication to only the session data
JGroups Message Bundling
that has actually changed. See the discussion of replication-
Message bundling queues small messages until a configurable
trigger and replication-granularity in “http://www.redhat.
number of bytes have accumulated, then sent as a large
com/docs/en-US/JBoss_Enterprise_Application_Platform/5.0.0/html/
message. Use of bundling can have significant performance
Administration_And_Configuration_Guide/clustering-http-state.html” for
benefits for high-volume asynchronous session replication.
how to configure your application to limit the amount of data
However, it is not enabled by default, as bundling can add
replicated.
significant latency to other types of intra-cluster traffic,
particularly clustered Hibernate/JPA Second Level Monitoring JGroups via JMX
Cache traffic. When clustering services create a JGroups Channel to use for

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5
Getting Started with JBoss EAP5

intra-cluster communication, the JMX console will include file can be checked for any exceptions or other informational
the following: logging. Logging levels can be controlled in JBOSS_HOME/
server/<servername>/conf/jboss-log4j.xml
jboss.jgroups:cluster=<cluster_name>,protocol=UDP,type=protocol
Statistics on two thread pools used to carry incoming messages Thread dumps
up the channel’s protocol stack. Sometimes, if you notice that the application is not
responding, you can generate thread dumps to check
jboss.jgroups:cluster=<cluster_name>,protocol=UNICAST,type=protocol
what each thread is currently doing. Thread dumps can be
Information on lossless, ordered delivery of unicast generated in multiple ways – 2 of which are explained below:
(i.e. point-to-point) messages.
From jmx-console
jboss.jgroups:cluster=<cluster_name>,protocol=NAKACK,type=protocol
• Access jmx-console (http://localhost:8080/jmx-console)
Information on lossless, ordered delivery of multicast
• Look for the jboss.system:type=ServerInfo MBean and
(i.e. point-to-multipoint) messages.
click on the link
jboss.jgroups:cluster=<cluster_name>,protocol=FC,type=protocol • On the page that comes up, look for the listThreadDump
Information on ensuring fast message senders do not operation and click on the Invoke button
overwhelm slow receivers.
Using Twiddle:
• From the command prompt, cd to
Web deployer
JBOSS_HOME/bin folder
Other key configurations required for performance tuning
of your Enterprise Application Platform include the <JBoss_ • Run the following command:
Home>/server/<your_configuration>/deployers/jbossweb. ▫ ./twiddle.sh invoke “jboss.system:type=ServerInfo”
deployer/server.xml file that sets your HTTP requests pool. listThreadDump > threads.html
▫ Note: Use twiddle.bat for Windows OS
Thread pool
JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 5 has a robust thread This command will generate the thread dump and redirect the
pooling, that should be sized appropriately. The server has output to threads.html (you can redirect it to any file of
a jboss-service.xml file in the <JBoss_Home>/server/<your_ your choice)
configuration>/conf directory that defines the system thread
It’s best to generate multiple thread dumps between a span
pool. There is a setting that defines the behavior if there isn’t
of few seconds and compare those thread dumps to find any
a thread available in the pool for execution. The default is to
blocked threads.
allow the calling thread to execute the task. You can monitor
the queue depth of the system thread pool through the JMX Reporting problems
Console, and determine from that if you need to make the Also, search the community forums to see if someone else is
pool larger. experiencing the same problem. The forums are at link
http://community.jboss.org/. You can also obtain a support
TROUBLESHOOTING contract via http://www.jboss.com/services/subscriptions/ and
then access https://www.redhat.com/wapps/sso/jboss/login.html?r
Startup problems edirect=http%3A%2F%2Fsupport.redhat.com%2Fjbossnetwork
If you are having trouble starting JBoss, the first thing to check Search for existing issues that also report the same problem.
is the JAVA_HOME environment variable. This should point to Access the JIRA issue search via link
the home of your JDK (or JRE installation). For example, if your https://jira.jboss.org/jira/secure/IssueNavigator.jspa
JDK is installed at /opt/Java/jdk1.5.0 then JAVA_HOME should
be set as follows: When filling in the JIRA, be as precise as possible when
reporting the bug. Include as much information as possible.
JAVA_HOME=/opt/Java/jdk1.5.0
Include the steps needed to reproduce the problem.
On Windows OS, if your JDK installation is at C:/Java/jdk1.5.0, If possible, create a standalone test case that reproduces the
you can set it as follows: bug that can be attached to a JIRA issue. The JIRA issue is
set JAVA_HOME=C:/Java/jdkl.5.0
more likely to be fixed if a unit test is attached (or at least a
test case). Even better is if a solution, in the form of a patch
(output of doing “svn diff > fix.patch”), is attached.

It’s highly recommended not to install JBoss or Java in a


Hot folder containing a space in its path. For example, do not JBOSS EAP 5 VS AS 5
Tip install Java at C:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.5.0 on
Windows OS.
The focus of the JBoss AS project is continuous innovation
- fueled by Open Source community collaboration - on
Logs the bleeding edge of Java Middleware. Quickly bringing
JBoss by default is configured to log messages to the emerging standards and technology into the mainstream
JBOSS_HOME/server/<servername>/log server.log file. This through it’s large user base and active community. This focus

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6
Getting Started with JBoss EAP5

implies continuous change and a rapid release cycle with to support your business critical applications and services.
minor releases every one or two months and major releases
every six months. Red Hat does not provide support for JBoss Red Hat recommends JBoss projects as a place to get
community projects. involved in shaping the Open Source middleware landscape
and as a way to understand how the technology landscape
Red Hat does provide world-class support, consulting and is evolving. Red Hat recommends JBoss Enterprise Platforms
training for the JBoss Enterprise Platforms. JBoss Enterprise for demanding business critical production workloads where
Platforms balance innovation with enterprise class stability security, performance, reliability and long-term, world-class
by integrating the best of Open Source projects like JBoss support are imperative.
AS. The JBoss Enterprise Platforms are certified against a
broad range of Operating Systems, Databases and other 3rd See this link for information on training
party applications and tools; meet very strict industry security http://www.jboss.com/services/training/
standards; are pre-tuned and secured by default so are ready

ABOUT THE AUTHORS RECOMMENDED BOOK


This book will kick-start your productivity and help you to
master JBoss AS development. The author’s experience
with JBoss enables him to share insights on JBoss AS
development, in a clear and friendly way. By the end
of the book, you will have the confidence to apply all
the newest programming techniques to your JBoss
applications.

Scott Marlow
Core Engineer on the JBoss AS team. Over 20 years experience building enterprise development software, from
database server to developer tools (such as PowerBuilder and four different application servers). Five years BUY NOW
experience contributing to JBoss OSS projects { Application Server, Clustering, JGroups, JBoss Cache, Hibernate }.
Scott enjoys coaching and playing soccer in his spare time. books.dzone.com/books/jboss-5-development
Jaikiran Pai
Employed at RedHat and is part of the JBoss EJB3 development team. Jaikiran completed his graduation in
2004 and started working in a software company in Pune, India. In his role as a software developer, he was part of
projects which involved Java and JavaEE. During this period, he developed interest in JBoss Application Server and JBoss in Action is the first book to focus on teaching
started spending his spare time in JBoss community forums. In 2009, Jaikiran was offered a job at RedHat to be part readers in detail how to use the JBoss application server.
of his favourite project - JBoss Application Server.
Unlike other titles about JBoss, the authors of JBoss
Jaikiran can often be found either at the JBoss forums or at his other favourite place http://www.javaranch.com/.
Occasionally, Jaikiran blogs at http://www.jaitechwriteups.blogspot.com/ in Action go deeper into the advanced features and
configuration of the server. In particular, it focuses on
Shelly McGowan
Member of the JBoss Application Server development team. She has several years of software development enterprise-class topics, such as high availability, security,
experience most recently on Java Enterprise Edition technologies such as EJB and EJB 3 persistence. and performance.
Brian Stansberry
My background is in International Business and East Asian Studies, with a B.A. from Michigan State and an
M.A. from Stanford. Before getting bitten by the software bug, I had a successful career in corporate finance
in the semiconductor industry. Part of that oddly enough involved web application and other types of software BUY NOW
development. But since I realized in the late 1990s that my true interest was in software, not finance, I’ve focused
on server-side development and Java. I started working on JBoss in 2003 and joined the company in 2005. My other books.dzone.com/books/jboss-action-configuring-jboss
main interests are China (I speak Mandarin Chinese and visit China regularly) and hanging out with my family. I live
in St. Louis, MO.
Expertise: JBoss AS Clustering JBoss AS in general JBoss Cache PojoCache JGroups mod_cluster
Occupation: Lead, JBoss AS Clustering

Len DiMaggio
JBoss middleware QE engineer and team lead. Len is a frequent contributor to JBoss blogs and DZone
(http://soa.dzone.com/users/ldimaggi).

#82

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