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Network – IPv4
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Objectives
Explain
p the structure IP addressing
g and demonstrate the ability
y
to convert between 8-bit binary and decimal numbers.
Given an IPv4 address, classify by type and describe how it is
used in the network
Explain how addresses are assigned to networks by ISPs and
within networks by
y administrators
Determine the network portion of the host address and explain
the role of the subnet mask in dividing networks.
Given IPv4 addressing information and design criteria, calculate
the appropriate addressing components.
Use common testing
U i utilities
ili i to verify
if andd test networkk
connectivity and operational status of the IP protocol stack on a
host.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
IP Addressing Structure
Describe the dotted decimal structure of a binary IP
address and label its parts
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
IP Addressing Structure
Describe the general role of 8-bit binary in network
addressing and convert 8-bit binary to decimal
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
IP Addressing Structure
Practice converting 8-bit binary to decimal
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
IP Addressing Structure
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
IP Addressing Structure
Co
Convert
e dec
decimal
a to
o88-bit
b b binary
ay
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
IP Addressing Structure
Practice decimal to binary conversion using
I
Interactive
i A Activity
i i 6 6.1.5
1
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses
Name the three types of addresses in the network and
describe the purpose of each type
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
T
Types off Addresses
Add in
i an IPv4
IP 4 Network
N t k
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
Types of Addresses in an IPv4 Network
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses
Determine the network, broadcast and host addresses
for a given address and prefix combination
Use the Interactive Activity 6.2.2 to calculate the network
address, host addresses, and broadcast address for giveng
networks
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses
Name the three types of communication in the Network
Layer and describe the characteristics of each type
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses
Identify
de y thee add
address
ess ranges
a ges reserved
ese ed for
o these
ese spec
special
a
purposes in the IPv4 protocol
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses
Define public address and private address
The private address blocks are:
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0 /8)
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0 /12)
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0 /16)
Use Interactive
Activity 6.2.5 to
correctly identify IP
addresses
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses
Describe the purpose of several special addresses
Also referred to as
Set aside for teaching
APIPA
and learning purposes.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
Classify
y and Define IPv4 Addresses
Identify
de y the e historic
s o c method
e od for
o ass
assigning
g g add
addresses
esses
and the issues associated with the method
Classful allocation of address space often wasted many
addresses, which exhausted the availability off IPv4 addresses
With the classless
system, address
blocks
appropriate to the
number of hosts
are assigned to
companies or
organizations
without regard to
the unicast class
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
Planning to Address the Network
The allocation of these addresses inside the networks
should
h ld bbe planned
l d and
dddocumented
t d ffor th
the purpose of:
f
Preventing duplication of addresses
P idi and
Providing d controlling
t lli access
Monitoring security and performance
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
Assigning Addresses
Explain the implications for choosing private vs. public
addresses
dd
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
Assigning Addresses
Explain how end user devices can obtain addresses
either statically through an administrator or dynamically
through DHCP
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
Assigning Addresses
Explain which types of addresses should be assigned
to devices other than end user devices
Routers and firewall devices have an IPv4 address assigned to each interface. Each interface
is in a different network and serves as the gateway for the hosts in that network.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
Assigning Addresses
Describe the process for requesting IPv4 public
addresses the role ISPs play in the process
addresses, process, and the
role of the regional agencies that manage IP address
registries
g
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
Assigning Addresses
Identify different types of ISPs and their roles in
providing Internet connectivity
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
Assigning Addresses
Identify several changes made to the IP protocol in
IPv6 and describe the motivation for migrating from
IPv4 to IPv6
New protocol suite!
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24
Determine the network portion of the host
address and the role of the subnet mask
Describe how the subnet mask is used to create and
specify the network and host portions of an IP address
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
Determine the network portion of the host
address and the role of the subnet mask
Use the
e sub
subnet
e mask
as aand
d ANDing gpprocess
ocess to
oeextract
ac
the network address from the IP address
1 AND 1 = 1
1 AND 0 = 0
0 AND 1 = 0
0 AND 0 = 0
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
Determine the network portion of the host
address and the role of the subnet mask
Observe the steps in the ANDing of an IPv4 host
address
dd and
d subnet
b t mask k
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
Calculating Addresses
Use the subnet mask to divide a network into smaller
networks
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28
Calculating Addresses
Extract network addresses from host addresses using
the subnet mask
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29
Calculating Addresses
Calculate the number of hosts in a network range given
an address and subnet mask
VLSM Subnet
C l l t
Calculator
VLSM
Subnetting
Ch t iis
Chart
available in
the
Resources
Folder
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30
Calculating Addresses
Interactive Activity: 6.5.4
Given
Gi en a subnet
s bnet address and subnet
s bnet mask,
mask calculate
calc late the
network address, host addresses and broadcast address
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31
Calculating Addresses
Interactive Activity: 6.5.5
Given a pool of addresses and masks, assign a host parameter
with address, mask and gateway
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32
Calculating Addresses
Interactive Activity: 6.5.6
Given a subnet mask and network address, you will be required
to determine the hosts, network, and broadcast addresses.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 33
Testing the Network Layer
Describe the general purpose of the ping command,
trace the steps of its operation in a network, and use
the ping command to determine if the IP protocol is
operational on a local host
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34
Testing the Network Layer
Use ping to verify that a local host can communicate
with a gateway across a local area network
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35
Testing the Network Layer
Use ping to verify that a local host can communicate via
a gateway to a device in remote network
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 36
Testing the Network Layer
Use tracert/traceroute to observe the path between two
devices as they communicate and trace the steps of
tracert/traceroute's operation
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 37
Testing the Network Layer
Describe the role of ICMP in the TCP/IP suite and its
impact on the IP protocol
ICMP messages
g
that may be sent
include:
Host confirmation
Unreachable
Destination or
S i
Service
Time exceeded
Route redirection
Source quench
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38
Addressing the
Network - IPv4
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 40
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 Issued: 14/02/2011 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 41