1.What is a (Flash) BIOS ?

Pronounced "bye-ose," BIOS is an acronym for basic input/output system. The BIOS
is built-in software that determines what a computer can do without accessing
programs from a disk. On PCs, the BIOS contains all the code required to control the
keyboard, display screen, disk drives, serial communications, and a number of
miscellaneous functions.

2. What is the maximum hard drive size for FAT16-based Windows system?

2GB

3. How many logical drives is it possible to fit onto a physical disk?

Maximum of 24 logical drives. The extended partition can only have 23 logical
drives.

4. What is the difference between L1 and L2 cache?

Level 1 cache is internal to the chip, L2 is external.

L1 (level 1) cache - L1 cache stores information for use by the processor. L1 cache is extremely quick but
also expensive. Most processors have an L1 cache divided into space for data and space for instructions.

L2 (level 2) cache - L2 cache is the next step down from L1 cache. Most processors today have L2 cache,
which increases cache performance. Most desktop processors have an L2 Cache of about 256KB, but
some high-end processors can have as much as 2MB.

5. What is TCP/IP?

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic communication

language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications
protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet). When you are set
up with direct access to the Internet, your computer is provided with a copy of the
TCP/IP program just as every other computer that you may send messages to or get
information from also has a copy of TCP/IP.

6. How many hard drives do we generally can accommodate in a pc?

Genarally in a system we can connect 4 hard drives that can be through sata (small
computer system interface ) or IDE ( integrated drive electronic )

1.primary master
2.primary slave
3.secondary master
4.secondary slave

7. How do you clear CMOS password?

To remove CMOS battery and power supply.

8. iso layers:

7 layers.s

9. Router administrator?

Root.

10. What is ARP and how does it work?

ARP(ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL) is a network layer protocol which

associates the physical hardware address of a network node(commonly known as a
MAC ADDRESS) to its ip address. now an ARP creates a table known as ARP
CACHE/TABLE that maps ip addresses to the hardware addressess of nodes on the
local network.

if based on the ip address it sees that it has the node's mac address in its ARP
TABLE then transmitting to that ip address is done quicker because the destination
is known and voila network traffic is reduced.

11. What is difference between ARP & RARP ? How both of these protocols
will work, and where it will use ?

ARP -Meaning of ARP ? "Address Resolution Protocol", is used to map ip Network

addresses to the hardware (Media Access Control sub layer) addresses used by the
data link protocol. The ARP protocol operates between the network layer and the
data link layer in the Open System Interconnection (osi) model.

RARP-RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) is a protocol by which a physical

machine in a local area network can request to learn its IP address from a gateway
server's Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table or cache. A network administrator
creates a table in a local area network's gateway router that maps the physical
machine (or Media Access Control - MAC address) addresses to corresponding
Internet Protocol addresses. When a new machine is set up, its RARP client program
requests from the RARP server on the router to be sent its IP address. Assuming
that an entry has been set up in the router table, the RARP server will return the IP
address to the machine which can store it for future use. RARP is available for
Ethernet, Fiber Distributed-Data Interface, and token ring LANs.

12.for a small lan which class of addressing is used?

Class C is used for small network environment

because the users are also less.

13. What is wide area networks?

Wide Area Network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a broad area (i.e., any
network whose communications links cross metropolitan, regional, or national
boundaries

14. What is RAID?

A method for providing fault tolerance by using multiple hard disk drives.

15. What is NETBIOS and NETBEUI?

NETBIOS is a programming interface that allows I/O requests to be sent to and

received from a remote computer and it hides the networking hardware from
applications.
NETBEUI is NetBIOS extended user interface. A transport protocol designed by
microsoft and IBM for the use on small subnets.

16. What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of DHCP?

Advantages
All the IP configuration information gets automatically configured for your client
machine by the DHCP server.
If you move your client machine to a different subnet, the client will send out its
discover message at boot time and work as usual. However, when you first boot up
there you will not be able to get back the IP address you had at your previous
location regardless of how little time has passed.
Disadvantage

Your machine name does not change when you get a new IP address. The DNS
(Domain Name System) name is associated with your IP address and therefore does
change. This only presents a problem if other clients try to access your machine by
its DNS name.

17. XP Key sp-2?

18. XP installation.

19. You are an administrator. How to create a “user” account (limited)?

20. How to create a map network drive?