INFO 2601

EXAM 1 REVIEW

Data Communications in Business

INFO2601
 ANNOUNCEMENTS

1. Quiz 1 @ Aug 11 2010 Wed

2. Exam 1 @ Aug 25 Wed
 WHAT IS A NETWORK?
• network (plural networks)
• A fabric or structure of fibrous elements attached to each
other at regular intervals.
• Any interconnected group or system A network of roads
crisscrossed the country.
• A directory of people maintained for their advancement To get
a job in today's economy, it is important to have a strong
network.
• Multiple computers and other devices connected together to
share information
What is a Network?

A network consists of 2 or more computers (nodes)

connected together, and they can communicate and
share resources (e.g. information)

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 KEY DATA COMMUNICATION CONCEPTS
1. Session: communication dialog between network users or
applications
2. Network: interconnected group of computers and communication
devices
3. Node: a network-attached computer
4. Link: connects adjacent nodes (see Figure 1-4)
5. Path: end-to-end route within a network
6. Circuit: the conduit over which data travels
7. Packetizing: dividing messages into fixed-length packets prior to
transmission over a network’s communication media
8. Routing: determining a message’s path from sending to receiving
nodes.
 KEY NETWORKING CONCEPTS
1. Voice Communications –telephone related communications
2. Data Communications- information transfer other than voice
3. Image Commmunication – fax, remote printing communications
4. Video Communications – video and net conferencing
5. Distributed Data Processing – Non mainframe computing
6. Client/Server Computing – Servers and workstations linked
through a high speed local area network (LAN)
7. Internet – A technology that allows computers with IP addresses
to communicate with each other with a common protocol (TCP/IP)
8. LAN (Local Area Network) – A group of local workstation and
servers connection through a high speed network medium
 How many kinds of Networks?
• Depending on one’s perspective, we can classify
networks in different ways

1. Based on NETWORK SIZE: LAN and WAN (and MAN)

2. Based on MANAGEMENT METHOD: Peer-to-peer and

Client/Server

3. Based on TOPOLOGY (connectivity): Bus, Star, Ring …

4. Based on TRANSMISSION MEDIA: Wired (UTP, coaxial

cables, fiber-optic cables) and Wireless

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 WAN TECHNOLOGIES:

• ISDN – Integrated Service Digital Network

• Basic rate: 192 Kbps Primary rate: 1.544Mbps

• T-Carriers ― basically digital phone lines

• T1: 1.544Mbps T3: 28T1

• Frame relay
• Each link offers 1.544Mbps or even higher

• ATM – Asynchronous Transfer Mode

• Support B-ISDN: 155Mbps or 622Mbps or higher

• SONET – Synchronous Optical Network

• Basic rate OC1: 51.84Mbps
• Support OC12 and up to OC192 (9953.28Mbps) or even higher in the future
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 LAN/ WAN/ MAN WIRED INFRASTRUCTURE
NETWORK SIZE CATEGORY DEVICE TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE TYPE

WIDE AREA BACKHAUL/ SWITCHES (LAYER FIBER OPTIC NETWORK

NETWORK BACKBONE 2 AND 3) DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER
ROUTERS LINE (DSL)

METROPOLITAN METROPOLITAN ROUTERS FIBER OPTIC NETWORK

AREA NETWORK AREA / MACROCELL SWITCHES DSL

LOCAL AREA LAST MILE/ SWITCHES STRUCTURED CABLING

NETWORK BUILDING AND ROUTERS
CAMPUS-WIDE HUBS
NETWORK VERTICAL AND
HORIZONTAL
CROSS CONNECT
 LAN/ WAN/ MAN WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE
NETWORK SIZE CATEGORY DEVICE TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE TYPE

WIDE AREA BACKHAUL/ SWITCHES (LAYER MICROWAVE TOWER

NETWORK BACKBONE 2 AND 3) FIBER OPTIC NETWORK
BASE STATION SATELLITE NETWORK
CONTROLLER

METROPOLITAN METROPOLITAN BASE STATION MICROWAVE TOWER

AREA NETWORK AREA / MACROCELL CONTROLLER

LOCAL AREA LAST MILE (MICRO ACCESS POINTS MINI-STRUCTURES :

NETWORK AND PICO CELL) (WIFI, WIMAX) LAMP POLES,
RADIO BASE BILLBOARDS,
STATIONS (3G, ROOFTOP
GSM) STRUCTURE
WAN technologies (WIRED)
•ISDN – Integrated Service Digital Network
• Basic rate: 192 Kbps Primary rate: 1.544Mbps
•T-Carriers ― basically digital phone lines
• T1: 1.544Mbps T3: 28T1
•Frame relay
• Each link offers 1.544Mbps or even higher
•ATM – Asynchronous Transfer Mode
• Support B-ISDN: 155Mbps or 622Mbps or higher
•SONET – Synchronous Optical Network
• Basic rate OC1: 51.84Mbps
• Support OC12 and up to OC192 (9953.28Mbps) or even higher in the
future

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 INFO 2601
REVIEW QUESTIONS

INFO2601
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Database applications are among the most common client-server
implementations.

*a. True
b. False

2. Most client/server environments emphasize the use of a GUI.

*a. True
b. False

3. Middleware is used to overcome lack of standardization.

*a. True
b. False
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
4. Traditional client/server architecture is also called 3-tier
architecture.

a. True
*b. False

5. Intranets are expensive to implement, but inexpensive to maintain.

a. True
*b. False

6. Client-server computing is fundamentally based on networking.

*a. True
b. False
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
7. Support tools for intranets are easily available.

a. True
*b. False

8. In a 3-tier client-server implementation, the client is typically a “thin

client.”

*a. True
b. False

9. A server-based processing model uses a “fat server” rather than a “fat

client.”

*a. True
b. False
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
10. Explain the following terms with its definition :

a. Client
b. Middleware
c. Server
d. API
e. SQL

11. Provide the full name for each of the following acronyms.

API
SQL
GUI
RPC
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
10. Explain the following terms with its definition :

a. Client - A set of function and call programs that allow clients and servers to
intercommunicate.

b. Middleware A computer that houses information for manipulation by

networked clients.

c. Server - A networked information requester that can query a database or

other information.

d. SQL - A method for addressing, creating, updating, or querying relational

databases.

e. API - Software that improves connectivity between a client application and a

server.
 REVIEW QUESTIONS

11. Provide the full name for each of the following acronyms.

Correct Answer:
API - Application Programming Interface
SQL - Structured Query Language
GUI - Graphic User Interface
RPC - Remote Procedure Call
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
12. Which of the following is not a class of client/server processing?

a. Host-based processing
b. Server-based processing
c. Client-based processing
d. Cooperative processing
*e. Network-based processing

13. Advantages of a web/database system as compared to a more traditional

database approach include

a. improved functionality and ease of administration.

b. ease of administration and transaction tracking.
*c. rapid development and flexible information presentation.
d. Easy deployment and improved functionality.
e. Improved functionality and transaction tracking.
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
7) The first two important applications developed for the ARPANET are
*a. Telnet and FTP.
b. Telnet and email.
c. Telnet and world-wide-web.
d. FTP and email.
e. Email and world-wide-web.

8) The key features of the DNS database are

a. variable-depth hierarchy for names, distributed databases, and name servers.
b. Resolvers, distributed databases, and name servers.
c. Distribution controlled by the database, resolvers, and distributed databases.
d. Domain name spaces, name servers, and variable-depth hierarchies.
*e. Variable-depth hierarchy for names, distributed databases, and distribution
controlled by the database.
2) What are the categories of TCP/IP Protocol do these applications
on your PC fall under? 10 marks

Application TCP/IP Protocol Why?

Ares Galaxy FTP Peer to peer networking

Google Mail SMTP Email services

Mozilla Firefox HTTP Web browsing/ access services

Facebook IRC, FTP IRC chat services, upload data

Yahoo! Mail SMTP Email services

Twitter IRC, FTP IRC chat services, upload data

Internet Explorer HTTP Web browsing/ access services

Apple iTunes FTP Upload/ download data

Bit Torrent FTP Upload/ download data

YouTube! FTP Upload/ download data