4/23/2011

PSCAD

Advanced Electric Power Systems

Electric machines
Transformers
Generation
Overview
Transmission
Multiple voltages, AC & DC, transformers
PSCAD Distribution
2 & 3 phases
Complexity & mathematics

PSCAD Overview PSCAD function

Manitoba Research Centre Powerful electromagnetic time domain

3 Products transient simulation environment and study
PSCAD tool
LiveWire Available 1993, result of research and
E-TRAN development since 1988
Now has companion products

http://pscad.com/

Livewire E-Tran

3rd party plotting and analysis tool 3rd party utility

Used to visualize and print PSCAD®, PSS/E,
CVS output. Allows users to compare results
of different result sets, even with recorded
values from field based Digital Fault
Recorders
Allows PSS/E network data to be imported
into PSCAD®
Graphical elements are added and routed
automatically, reduces large networks to
manageable sizes

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Intel Visual Fortran PSCAD goals

For large simulation requirements
Needed to unleash dynamic memory
allocations required by large power system
models
Speed of simulation
Accuracy
Easy to use
For design and verification of wide range of power systems
Most suitable for simulating time domain instantaneous responses, also
known as electromagnetic transients or instantaneous solutions, in both
electrical and control systems.
The PSCAD® graphical user interface greatly enhances the power and
usability of the simulation environment. It allows the user to efficiently
construct a circuit schematic, run a simulation, analyze the results, and
manage the data in a completely integrated graphical environment.
PSCAD® provides intuitive and interactive control input, meters, and
online plotting functions and graphs.
PSCAD® has been adopted worldwide by utilities, manufacturers,
research & educational institutions, and consultants as the premier tool
for transient simulation. These people rely on the extensive library of
power and control system models, as well as, the accuracy and reliability
PSCAD® provides.

PSCAD: Why PSCAD: Why

Optimization & Design Learning tool

How will it perform? Generators, transformers, transmission lines too
Existing expensive to have in lab
Load sharing/shedding Software can simulate all these
Faults & fault protection Setup is quicker
Reaction to added generation or demand in future Simulation is ‘free’
What can we do to reduce cost?

PSCAD: Why PSCAD: Case studies

Calculations Used for 160 MW offshore wind farm

Documentation (Denmark)
Systems Modeled double wound induction generator,
From generation through distribution and loads turbine, power electronics, controls,
Steady state protection, even insulation levels
Power factor Also used to coordinate protection strategy
Overload conditions While we can’t easily test on PSCAD, the uses
Transients or benefits of PSCAD would make a good
Faults question for the final

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PSCAD – other uses PSCAD - features

Planning industrial plants Interactive controls

Simulate loads, evaluate power quality
Arc furnaces, capacitor resonance, power
electronics
Electric transportation design
Trains, ships, others
Alternative generation
High voltage simulation
Better understanding, optimization
Power transmission

PSCAD
PSCAD - features

Models
Generators
Synchronous, wind turbines, induction…
Transmission/distribution
Transformers (includes inrush currents)
Lines
Insulation
Protection
Breakers, closers, switches, relays

Simulation interfaces John Deere simulation example

Matlab/Simulink Easy5 transmission simulation

Optimization using multiple simulations + VisualLabs for speed
What if … + Fortran compiler for added flexibility
more generators but smaller? + Simulink for interfacing with electronic
transmission lines routed differently (cost, controllers, modeling engine and vehicle
maintenance, efficiency, etc.)?
+ iSight for optimization studies
aerial or submarine cables/routes
vary bundling, capacitors, reactors, cable types, sizes
locations of generation (efficiency, load service, travel)
Excel by export to CSV

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Components Components

Sources Passive
Current and voltage Lines, capacitors, reactors in ohms, vars
Frequency, phase, impedance Wires, including transposed
Single line or 3 phase Loads and filters
Surge arrestors, insulation

Components Components

Active Meters
Thyristor Single/three phase
GTO Voltage, current, power
IGBT Real & reactive
Other switching devices Phase difference, freq difference
Power electronics converters (complete unit) FFT

Components Components

I/O Devices Transformers

Not same as meters, which measure, but output , Y, both
not necessarily shown Single/three phase
Sliders, switches, dials, buttons Breakers
Plots Single/three phase
Optimizers Timers
Timed faults

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Components Components
Transmission lines Transmission lines
Aerial Underground
Frequency, length, no. Frequency, length, etc.
of conductors, resistivity of ground Models can be frequency dependent
Models can be frequency dependent
Line geometry

Components Components
Machines Steam, turbine, hydro controls
Synchronous Wind
Induction
Permanent magnet
Rated voltage, current, leakage
pu and other configurations

Components Components
HVDC models Input functions
Ramps
Sine/cosine
Tabular
Pulses
Random
FFT
Digital and analog
Filters (Butterworth, etc)

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Components Components
Protection (detection) elements Logic gates
Current/voltage transformers
Current/voltage detection

Components
Sequencers (state machines)
Components
Recorders
Can ‘play back’ recorded data
Try other solutions
Analyze existing system

Documentation Documentation
Not everything fits on one page Sticky notes
Labels Run numbers
Notes/text

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Academic Software

Limited in model size it can create/evaluate