States, Boiling Point, Melting

Point, and Solubility

Solid Liquid Gas

 Questions

•  What are the 3 states of matter?

•  Write a definition for each state?

 Defining States of Matter
•  States of matter are NOT defined by what
they are made of.
–  Example: solids can be elements (gold), compounds
(Salt = NaCl), or mixtures (butter)

Element (Au) Compound (NaCl) Mixture (Milk, Salt, etc)

 Defining States of Matter

•  States of matter are defined by whether

they hold SHAPE and VOLUME

Element (Au) Compound (NaCl) Mixture (Milk, Salt, etc)

ALL KEEP THE SAME SHAPE AND VOLUME = Solids
 Defining States of Matter

•  Solids – have a definite SHAPE and

VOLUME.

Element (Au) Compound (NaCl) Mixture (Milk, Salt, etc)

ALL KEEP THE SAME SHAPE AND VOLUME
 Particle View of a Solid
•  Particles in a solid are PACKED
CLOSELY together and they are in a
FIXED POSITION.

Particles vibrate in place

 Liquids
•  Liquids – has definite VOLUME but no
defined SHAPE

100 ml
 Particle View of a Liquid
•  Packed CLOSELY (like a solid), but move
FREELY around each other (must stay in
contact).
 Gases
•  Gases - do NOT have definite SHAPE or
VOLUME.

Bromine gas fills up the entire volume of the container

 Particle view of a Gas
•  Particles can MOVE FREELY and will
either fill up or squeeze into available
space.
 Questions
•  1) Which Statement is True?
–  A) Liquids have a definite shape and volume
–  B) States of matter are defined by the
substances they are made up of
–  C) Gases have a definite shape and volume
–  D) Solids have a definite shape and volume
 Task
•  Draw a diagram of
–  A) Gas particles
–  B) Liquid particles
–  C) Solid particles
 Changes in States of Matter
•  Thermal Energy – heat energy.

•  More thermal energy = More particle movement

 Changing States

Increase Thermal Energy (Heat up)

Solid Liquid Gas

Decrease Thermal Energy (Cool off)

 Melting point
•  Melting - change from solid to liquid
•  Melting point - SPECIFIC temperature when
melting occurs.
•  Each pure substance has a SPECIFIC melting
point.
–  Examples:
–  M.P. of Water = 0°C (32°F)
–  M.P. of Nitrogen = -209.9 °C (-345.81998 °F)
–  M.P. of Silver = 961.93 °C (1763.474 °F)
–  M.P. of Carbon = 3500.0 °C (6332.0 °F)
 Melting Point
•  Particles of a solid vibrate so fast that they
break free from their fixed positions.

Increasing Thermal Energy

Solid Liquid

Melting point
 Vaporization
•  Vaporization – change from liquid to gas
•  Vaporization happens when particles in a
liquid gain enough energy to form a gas.
Increasing Thermal Energy

Liquid Gas

Boiling point
 Two Kinds of Vaporization
•  Evaporation – vaporization that takes
place only on the surface of the liquid
•  Boiling – when a liquid changes to a gas
BELOW its surface as well as above.
 Boiling Point
•  Boiling Point – temperature at which a
liquid boils
•  Each pure substance has a SPECIFIC
boiling point.
–  Examples:
–  B.P. of Water = 100°C (212°F)
–  B.P. of Nitrogen = -195.79 °C (-320.42 °F)
–  B.P. of Silver = 2162 °C (3924 °F)
–  B.P. of Carbon = 4027 °C (7281 °F)
Boiling Point and Melting Point
WATER – H20
200
Boiling point
150
100
Temperature

Melting point
50
0
-50
-100
-150
time
•  http://www.docstoc.com/docs/42364016/
States-Boiling-Point-Melting-Point-and-
Solubility