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  • Ccnet Lec 03 Protocol Architecture

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    Suleman Jamil
    90 vizualizări27 pagini
    Protocol architecture divides complex tasks into simpler modules Individual modules should be independent enough to each other each module is implemented as a separate layer in the architecture. Each layer performs a subset of the required communication functions each layer provides services to the next higher layer changes in one layer should not require changes in other layers.

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    Protocol architecture divides complex tasks into simpler modules Individual modules should be independent enough to each other each module is implemented as a separate layer in the architecture. Each layer performs a subset of the required communication functions each layer provides services to the next higher layer changes in one layer should not require changes in other layers.

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    90 vizualizări27 pagini

    Ccnet Lec 03 Protocol Architecture

    Încărcat de

    Suleman Jamil
    Protocol architecture divides complex tasks into simpler modules Individual modules should be independent enough to each other each module is implemented as a separate layer in the architecture. Each layer performs a subset of the required communication functions each layer provides services to the next higher layer changes in one layer should not require changes in other layers.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    din 27

    Lecture

    Computer Communications
    & Networks 03
    Communication Protocol Architecture
    Networking Protocols:
    Set of rules, that govern the communication
    between devices
    These rules dictates the actual implementation of
    communication tasks
    Usually implemented as software modules residing
    in OS, NIC, networking devices, etc.
    When data is ready to transmit, these software are
    executed
    These prepare the data for transmission

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 2
    Protocol Architecture:
    We have to perform a lot of communication tasks
    Implementing all these tasks in a single module will
    make the implementation much complex
    Need to divide these complex tasks into simpler
    modules
    Individual modules should be independent enough
    from each other
    Each module is implemented as a separate layer in
    the architecture

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 3
    Protocol models:
    Initially each vendor developed its own protocols:
    Novel network protocols
    DECnet
    IBM’s NetBIOS
    These were proprietary protocols
    A device using one vendor’s protocol was not able
    to communicate with the device using other
    vendor’s protocol
    There was a need to develop some standard
    protocols:
    OSI Reference Model
    TCP / IP Protocol Suite
    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 4
    Layered Architecture:

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 5
    OSI Reference Model

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 6
    OSI Reference Model:
    Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
    Developed by the International Organization for
    Standardization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland
    Seven layers architecture
    Each layer performs a subset of the required
    communication functions
    Each layer provides services to the next higher
    layer
    Changes in one layer should not require changes in
    other layers

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 7
    OSI Reference Model: cont…

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 8
    Layers & Headers:

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 9
    Layers & Headers: cont…

    PDU = Protocol Data Unit


    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 10
    Why layered architecture?

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 11
    Application Layer:

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 12
    Presentation Layer:

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 13
    Session Layer:

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 14
    Transport Layer:

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 15
    Network Layer:

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 16
    Data Link Layer:

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 17
    Physical Layer:

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 18
    TCP / IP Protocol Suite

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 19
    TCP / IP Protocol Suite:
    Developed by IAB & IETF
    IAB = Internet Architecture Board
    IETF = Internet Engineering Task Force
    Evolved from US DoD project ARPANET
    ARPANET = Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork

    Stack can be divide into 4 or 5 layers


    Most popular network protocol model
    Basis of Internet

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 20
    TCP/IP Development Timeline:

    BSD = Berkley Software Distribution


    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 21
    TCP / IP Protocol Suite: cont…
    HTTP = Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
    FTP = File Transfer Protocol
    SMTP = Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
    DNS = Domain Name Service
    SNMP = Simple Network Management
    Protocol

    TCP = Transmission Control Protocol


    UDP = User Datagram Protocol

    IP = Internet Protocol
    ICMP = Internet Control Message
    Protocol
    IGMP = Internet Group Management
    Protocol

    ARP = Address Resolution Protocol


    RARP = Reverse ARP

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 22
    Communication over TCP/IP:

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 23
    Communication over TCP/IP: cont...

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 24
    Encapsulation & Protocol Headers:

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 25
    Standards Organizations:
    Famous organizations that define network/
    communication standards are:
    ISO
    International Standardization Organization
    IETF
    Internet Engineering Task Force
    IEEE
    Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
    ETSI
    European Telecommunication Standard Institute
    ITU
    International Telecommunication Union

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 26
    Questions ???

    myousaf@corenet.org.pk 27

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