PBX Basics

Introduction to
Meridian 1
9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 1

Objectives
By the end of this course, students will

be able to
n identify the hardware for the various systems
n configure an Option 11C switch and make
phone calls
n find and utilize information in the M1 I/O
Guide and Software Features Guide
n describe how Meridian 1 systems have
evolved

What is a PBX ?
n Private Branch Exchange - it is a private communication system

n the customer has access to the system and has control over
changing and updating the capabilities of the private system.
n the customer can update and program the system capabilities to
meet their communication needs
n the communication equipment is located at the customer’s
premises providing communications among that customer’s
terminals as well as connection to the public switched network
(PSTN). It provides a wide range of specialized services.
n some of the specialized features include: Call Centres, voice
mail, call forward, hunting, and many more ......

Things people expect from their
telephone systems
Everybody expects:
n High performance
– Instant processing of events, no matter the time of day, no
matter how many calls are being made
n Zero down time
– high availability
We’re almost always ready to handle calls
– fault tolerance
We more or less keep handling calls in the face of many
hardware and software problems
– emergency service

More things people expect from
their telephone systems
Those that own and maintain telephone
systems expect:
– hot swap
– no single points of failure
– no on-site maintenance personnel
» reliable automatic fault recovery
» alarm reporting
» remote access
– scalability
– software packaging
– configurability
– modular design
– reuse

M1 Functional View
Objective: At the end of this section, the

student will be able to describe the
functional elements of a Meridian PBX,
what they do and how they interrelate.

MERIDIAN PBX MODEL
n Control :
- controlling elements of the system
Control - controls high-level call processing,
maintenance, and I/O
Network control bus n Network Control bus: carries messages
between the Control and Network elements
Network n Network: connects streams of digital data,
and routes control messages around the
system
Network loop
n Network loop: Routes information from
Access terminals into the Network (digital switch)
n Access: provides distribution,
concentration, and protocol conversion
n Terminals: includes trunks and SL-1,
digital, and analog sets
Terminals
n Terminal: of, relating to, situated at, or
forming an end or boundary.
n Meridian 1 supports a wide variety or
Access
type of communication devices or
line terminals
line – SL-1 sets (digital signaling, analog voice)
line – analog sets (500 and 2500)
– digital sets (M2317, Aries, and others)
analog set – trunks (physical connection between a
PC Meridian PBX and the external world)
trunks – fax machines
digital set – attendant consoles
– PCs
n Connected via lines and trunks

Access
Network Loop n Distribution/Multiplexing

n Concentration
Protocol Conversion
Access
n
a.k.a., Peripheral
lines and trunks
Access Network Loop

Conversation 1
Conversation 2
….
Multiplexer
….
Multiplexed Signal
Conversation n

Network Loop
-- a.k.a.
a.k.a. “TDM
“TDM bus”
bus” or
or “loop”
“loop”
Network n Carries messages and

“conversations” between the access
Network and network components
Network
loop loop
n Time Division Multiplexing (TDM):
several conversations share the
Access same wire path, but at different times
-- time is divided up into timeslots
Conversation 1
Conversation 2
….
Multiplexer
….
Multiplexed Signal
Conversation n
frame

Network
n Digital switch
Network n controlled by the main
Control computer (Control)
bus
n Connects “conversations”
from the Network Loops
Network – as instructed by the main
computer
– full-time physical connections
for the duration of the call
Network loops

Network control bus
n Carries messages
between Control and
Network components
n Enables control of the
Control Network by the Control
component
Network control bus
Network

Control
n Components are:
– central processing unit
a.k.a., Call Processor (CP)
– memory
Control – mass storage
– input/output devices
Serial ports, Ethernet
Network control bus n Controls:
– high-level call processing
– high-level maintenance
– high-level user interface

System Overview
- large systems

student will be able to discuss Meridian 1
hardware and how it relates to the PBX
functional components

Option 51C and 61C
Universal Universal
Equipment Equipment
Module Module
Universal Intelligent Universal

Equipment PE Equipment
Module Module Module
Intelligent Universal
CPU/Network Equipment
PE Module
Module Module
Universal
CPU/Network CPU/Network
Equipment
n maximum 16 loops n maximum 32 loops

n maximum 1000 ports n maximum 2000 ports
n Single CPU n Dual CPU

Equipment Organization
...
...
A group of cards
...
Equipment
.. .
(aka circuit packs,

...
CE, NE, PE
...
or packs)
...
...
...
...
...
...
Module
CE Module Net CPU/Mem
(shelf)
Equipment contained in
CE, NE, PE module
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
CE Pwr Sup SLP SLP SLP SLP CC PS 3PE FDI CPU CPU CMA Mem FDU/
FN IF MDU
Common Equipment Network Group CPU

Shelf
CE Module Net CPU/Mem

CE Module Net CPU/Mem Universal
Equipment
Module
... Multiple Intelligent Universal System

modules PE
Module
Equipment
Module
form CPU/Network
Module
Universal
Equipment
Module
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
CE Pwr Sup SLP SLP SLP SLP CC PS 3PEFDI CPU MemFDU/
CPUCMA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
FN IF MDU CE Pwr Sup SLP SLP SLP SLP CC PS 3PEFDI CPUCPUCMAMemFDU/
FN IF MDU
Common Equipment Network Group
Shelf
CPU
Universal
Shelf
CPU
CPU/Network
Equipment
Module
Module

Universal Equipment Module
Top Cap
meridian
Rear Panel
I/O PANEL
Cable Routing Module

Circuit
Module Card Cage Cover
Breaker
Cover Panel
Front Panel BLOWERS
Pedestal

M1 System Architecture
CPU Memory Mass User

Storage Interface
Thor, god of thunder

Power
Switching
Network
Peripheral
Equipment
Thor is a character of Marvel Characters, Inc. TM

Core/Network Equipment
(M1 Thor)
Core/Net Module Net Core
Core-Network Interface
Peripheral Signaling
Clock Controller
3-Port Extender
Call Processor
IODU/C
Network cards
spare
spare
spare
ENET (2 loops)
XNET (superloop)
XCT (2 loops)
DTI/PRI (2 loops)
CE Pwr Sup 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Network Group __ CPU __

Core/Net Module Shelf __

M1 Thor Core Equipment

Call Processor (CP)
n Motorola off-the-shelf processors

» CP1: MC68030 » CP2: MC68040
» CP3: MC68060 » CP4: double-speed MC68060
n pair of serial data ports for maintenance
n on the faceplate
– INI button: push it to cause a warm start
– RELOAD button: push it to cause a cold start
– a toggle switch: to put the CP into normal or
maintenance mode
– LCD display: for maintenance messages

Input/Output Processor (IOP) and
Core Multi-Drive Unit (CMDU)
n IOP
– based on the Motorola 68020
– Ethernet port
– SCSI interface to CMDU
– two serial ports dongle
– security data cartridge
n CMDU
– disk drives (hard disk and security cartridge
4MB floppy)
n IOP and CMDU were combined (IOP/CMDU)
» cost improvement
n CD-ROM introduced with R23 (IODU/C)
» floppy drives changed to 2MB
» security cartridge replaced with security device
Core Network Interface (CNI)
n Core Network Interface (CNI)

– Provides interface
» between the inter-processor bus and the network
shelves
» between the Call Processor card and the Three-Port
Extender (3PE) cards
– Each CNI can be connected to two 3PE cards

M1 Thor Network Equipment

Core to Network Communication
n Three-Port Extender (3PE) card

– Connects to the CNI in the core equipment
– Connects to other 3PEs on other network shelves
n Peripheral Signaling (PS) card

– Provides buffering and signaling interface between the
CPU and the peripheral equipment

Network Controller cards:
XNET/ENET
n Enhanced Network Card (ENET)

– handles 2 network loops
– provides switching
– interfaces with EPE equipment
– maximum 8 per network shelf
n Superloop Network Card (XNET)
– handles 1 superloop (equivalent to 4 network loops)
– provides switching
– interfaces with IPE equipment
– maximum 4 per network shelf

Loop Density
Single Double Quad Octal
Equipment
e e e x
Network
n n n n
e e e e
t t t t
loop loop loop loop loop loop superloop
c EPE c EPE c c
up to 4 PE shelves
o o o EPE o IPE
n n n n
t t t t
...
c 1 superloop is
c o EPE 4 logical loops
o n
n t Loop Superloop
t EPE
max 4 units/card max 8/card max 16/card max 32/card
10 cards/shelf 10 cards/shelf 10 cards/shelf 16 cards/shelf
Digital Trunks
nDTI (Digital Trunk Interface)

– T1 for North America and Japan
– E1 for Europe and most of the rest of the world
nPRI (Primary Rate Interface)
– PRI for North America
– PRI2 for Europe and most of the rest of the world
These cards reside in the network modules
because of bandwidth issues. Trunks logically
belong in peripheral (Access) equipment, but
would not have access to enough timeslots there.
è Cards utilize 2 network loops.
other network cards
n Conference and Tone card (XCT)

– handles the conference (1 loop)
– generates tones (1 loop)
(dial tone, busy tone, reorder tone, MF tones, etc.)
n SDI (Serial Data Interface)
– for connection of serial devices, e.g. TTYs
n MSDL (Multi-purpose Serial Data Link)
n Clock Controller(CC)
– provides a stable clock reference for synchronization with
the public network (PSTN); required when the system
uses digital trunks

Core
CE Pwr Sup
9 July, 1999
Core/Net Module
Module 0
0
Loops 0 and 1
Net
1
Loops 2 and 3
2
Loops 4 and 5
3
Loops 6 and 7
4
Loops 8 and 9
5
Loops 10 and 11
6
Loops 12 and 13
7
Loops 14 and 15
8
Spare
9
Clock Controller
10
Peripheral Signaling
11
3-Port Extender
BVW & MPK Technical Training

12
Core-Network Interface
13
Spare
Core
14
Spare
Slot vs. loop number
15
Call Processor
16
17
18
PROPRIETARY
IODU/C
30
Option 51C/61C block diagram
Inter-Processor Bus(IPB) Network Bus

Core Module 0
ENET EPE
XNET
Peripheral SDI
Call Three Port Signalling XCT IPE
Core to Extender (PS)
Processor IODUC PRI
Network
(CNI) DTI
Loops 0-15
Inter CPU cable SCSI bus cable

(Option 61C only)
Loops 16-31
Core Module 1
Call Core to
Processor IODUC Network ENET EPE
(CNI) Peripheral XNET
Three Port Signalling SDI
Extender (PS) XCT IPE
PRI
DTI
Inter-Processor Bus(IPB)
Network Bus

M1 Thor Peripheral Equipment

Peripheral Equipment (EPE)
NT8D13 Peripheral Equipment Module
PE Module PE
QPC659
LPY
LPX
PE Pwr Sup Rng Gen X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 Cont X6/Y1 X7/Y2 X8/Y3 X9/Y4 X10/Y5
Peripheral Equipment
LOOP
SHELF
n Supported on all Meridian 1 large systems

n Not supported on small systems
Peripheral Buffer (PB)
n Controller card on the EPE shelf
n Supports single, double, and quad density PE cards
n supplies power to the PE cards
n speech and signaling paths from networks to line
cards pass through the PB card
n connections to loop
– single loop operation
» “LPX” connector: connects to one port on an ENET card
» “LPY” connector: connects to additional PE shelves
serviced by the same ENET loop
– dual loop operation
» “LPX” connector: connects to one port on an ENET card
» “LPY” connector: connects to one port on an ENET card

EPE Lines and Trunks
n Analog Line and trunk cards

– SSD chips decode state changes, e.g. offhook, onhook, etc.
– CODEC converts analog signals to digital, and digital to analog
– Line cards: ALC, MLC (Message Waiting Analog Line Card)
– Trunk cards: E&M, CO, ……
n SL1LC: SL-1 Line Card
– Works only with the SL-1 set
– Digital signaling
– Analog voice, so the card has CODECs
n ISDLC
– Digital signaling and voice
– supports older digital sets (not Aries or M2317)

Other EPE cards
n DTR: Digitone Receiver

– Decodes the tones generated by a pushbutton analog set
(2500) when digit keys are pressed
– Decodes Multi-Frequency (MF) or Digitone tones received
from the far end of an analog trunk
n Ring generator
– generates the electrical signal which causes an analog set
to ring

Peripheral Equipment (IPE)
NT8D37 Intelligent Peripheral Equipment Module
PE Module IPE
Slots 0 - 15 may be
XPEC
Digital Line Cards
Analog Line Cards,
Universal Trunks,
E&M Trunks, Digitone
Receiver
PE Pwr Sup Rng Gen 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cont 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Intelligent
Superloop
PeripheralEquipment
Shelf
n Supported on all Meridian 1 large systems

n Line and trunk cards used on small systems
XPEC
n Controller card on the IPE shelf

– X-Calibur Peripheral Equipment Controller (XPEC)
n Performs protocol conversion between DS-
30Y and DS-30X
– DS-30Y is used on the superloop side (communication
between the XNET and XPEC cards)
– DS-30X is used for communication between XPEC and IPE
cards
n connectors
– 2 or 4 connectors to receive the superloop cable from the
XNET card

Superloop engineering
network
x x x x x x x x
n n n n n n n n
e e e e e e e e
t t t t t t t t
x x x x
p p p p
IPE shelves
e e e e
c c c c
x 1 superloop 2 superloops 4 superloops

p
e 1 IPE shelf each serving ……. each serving
c max 512 units 1/2 an IPE shelf 1/4 IPE shelf
1 superloop max 256 units/ max 128 units/
2 IPE shelves superloop superloop
max 1024 units served
IPE segments
NT8D37 Intelligent Peripheral Equipment Module
PE Module PE
Cont-2 has 2 connectors

Cont-4 has 4 connectors
X
D
L
C
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cont 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
PE Pwr Sup Rng Gen
Intelligent Superloop
Peripheral Equipment Shelf
segment segment segment segment

1 2 3 4

IPE Segmentation options
Choice depends on traffic, blocking tolerance

– one segment per superloop
– two segments per superloop
– four segments per superloop
– eight segments per superloop
– one segment per superloop/three segments per another
superloop
– two segments per superloop/six segments per another
superloop
Administered in LD 97

Lines
n XALC, XMLC
– X-Calibur (Message Waiting) Analog Line Card
– 16 units/card
» The analog cards have onboard processors that
perform rotary digit collection (500 sets)
n XDLC/card
– X-Calibur Digital Line Card
– 32 units: 16 voice, 16 data
– from the wiring closet: 16 line cables carry 2 channels
each to 16 digital sets

Analog Trunks
n XUT: X-Calibur Universal Trunk

» for Central Office (PSTN) connections
– 8 units/card
n XEM: X-Calibur Ear & Mouth trunk
– 4 units/card
n …
» Each card has an on-board processor which performs

digit collection for dial pulse trunks

Other IPE cards
n XDTR
– X-Calibur Digitone Receiver
– 8 units/card
n Ring generator
– generates the electrical signal which causes an analog set
to ring

Multi-group systems

Option 81C
Universal Intergroup Universal

Equipment Network Module Intelligent PE Equipment
Module Module Module Module
Universal Universal
Equipment Network Network Intelligent PE Equipment
Module Module Module Module Module
Network Network Network Intelligent PE Intelligent PE

Network Core/Network Core/Network

CPU
Network Intelligent PE
Module Module
(CPU1) (CPU0)
n maximum 160 loops

n maximum 10,000 ports
n Dual CPU

What’s a group?
n Up to 16 loops (or 4 superloops) can be

equipped on a single network shelf
n The backplane of a network shelf has 32
traces (or links), each of which carries traffic
for a single network loop
n 2 network shelves together (32 loops) max
out the capacity of the backplane, these two
shelves constitute a “Network Group” or
“Group”
n Multi-group systems require additional
equipment
– for network connections between groups
– to interface with the core equipment

numbering of loops
Loop 0 XNET pack = 4 loops (super loop)
. .
Core/Net Superloops 0, 4, 8,....156
Half . .
group Module Superloop 0 = loops 0 + 1+ 2 +3
. . Superloop 8 = loops 8 + 9 + 10 + 11
(51C) 0 . .
Loop 15
. Loop 16 ENET pack= 2 loops
Full
group
Core/Net . . Loops 0 &1, 2 &3,... 158 &159
(61C) Module . .
1 . .
Loop 31
. Loop 32
Network . .
Module . .
Multi (5) 2 . .
group Loop 47
(81C) . .
. . .
. . . .
. . Loop 144
Network . .
Module .
9 . .
. .
Loop 159

network groups
network module 9 network module 2
(loops 144-150) (loops 32-47)
Group 2
Universal Intergroup Universal

Equipment Network Module Intelligent PE Equipment
Module Module 9 Module Module
Group 4
Universal Universal
Equipment
Module
Network
Module 8
Network
Module 5
Network
Module 3
Equipment
Module
Group 1
Intelligent PE Network Network Network Intelligent PE

Module Module 7 Module 4 Module 2 Module
Group 3
Intelligent PE Core/Network Core/Network
CPU
Network Intelligent PE
Module 1 Module 0
Module Module 6
(CPU1) (CPU0)
Module
Group 0
network module 1
(loops 16-31) network module 0
(loops 0-15)
Junctors
n The pathways between network groups are called
“junctors”
n Each junctor extends 1 network link (32 timeslots)
n Each junctor is dedicated as a one-way path from
one specific group to another specific group
Group 0 8 Junctors
Group 4 Group 1
Group 3 Group 2

Junctor hardware
n In the Network and Core/Network modules:

– IGS (InterGroup Switch) cards
» one Dual IGS card per network shelf (1/2 group)
» Sits in slot 9 of the core/ntwk module
n displaces the Clock Controller to network module (slot 13)
» Sits in slot 2 of the network module
– Each Dual IGS (DIGS) card provides 16 junctors in each
direction for a total of 32 per network group
» 8 junctors connect to each other group
– Cables connect to...
n the InterGroup Module
– This module provides the interconnections (hard-wired)
shown in the previous slide

Network module
CE Module Net
Dual Intergroup Switch (DIGS)
Peripheral Signalling (PS)

3-Port Extender (3PE)
Slots 5-12
ENET (2 loops)
Clock Controller
XNET (superloop)
XCT (2 loops)
Spare
DTI/PRI (2 loops)
CE Pwr Sup 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Common Network Group

Equipment Shelf

InterGroup Module

Option 81C block diagram
Inter-Processor Bus(IPB) Network Bus

Core Module 0
ENET
XNET
Peripheral Dual SDI
Call Three Port Signalling Inter-group XCT
Core to Extender (PS) Switch
Processor IODUC PRI
Network
(CNI) DTI
Loops 0-15
Inter CPU cable SCSI bus cable Cables to Inter-Group Module
Loops 16-31
Core Module 1
Call Core to
Processor IODUC Network ENET
(CNI) Peripheral Dual XNET
Three Port Signalling Inter-group SDI
Extender (PS) Switch XCT
PRI
DTI
Inter-Processor Bus(IPB)
Network Bus

Connecting groups to core
equipment
Side 0 Side 1
3 3
P P
E E
(slots 12-14)
(slots 12-14)
3 3
Core 0 CNIs
Core 1 CNIs
P P
E E
3 3
P P
E E
3 3
P P
E E
3 3
P P
E E

Small Systems

Option 11C and 11C Compact
n Maximum 30 network loops n Maximum 19 network loops

n Maximum 400 ports n Maximum 128 ports
n Single CPU n Single CPU
n Maximum 3 cabinets n Maximum 2 cabinets

Option 11C
System Architecture
CPU Memory Mass User

Power Storage Interface
Switching
Network
Peripheral
Equipment

Small System
n Key Objective in the design of the Option 11

series of system was to provide:
– simplicity
– performance
– value
– quality
in a very compact system.

Small System
n With its simplified architecture, the

requirement for engineering would be
reduced.
n The challenge with the design was to produce
a cost effective small system without:
– losing the existing feature set
– losing the existing operation
– expandability of the existing system

Option 11C
3-Box Configuration
MAT PC
3 TTYs to Card 0 TTY access to TTY access to

on main cabinet Expansion Cabinet 1 Expansion Cabinet 2
New Expansion New Expansion

Main Cabinet Cabinet 1 Cabinet 2
Ethernet
Connection
Fibre Connection

Option 11C
2-Box Configuration
3 TTYs to Card 0
on main cabinet
Existing Expansion
Main Cabinet Cabinet
For a Copper connection, the Expansion

cabinet must be an Option 11E Expansion
Copper Connection cabinet.

Option 11C
Main Cabinet
System Power - power supply
MERIDIAN 1
SSC - Small Systems Controller (slot 0)
è Contains all Core and Network equipment
Slot 1 - 9 : PE cards
Analog Line Cards (XALC, XMLC)
DIGITAL LINE CARD Digital Line Card (XDLC)
DIGITAL LINE CARD

DIGITAL LINE CARD
DIGITAL LINE CARD

ANALOG LINE CARD
ANALOG LINE CARD
DIGITAL LINE CARD
UNIVERSAL TRUNK
UNIVERSAL TRUNK
Universal Trunk Card (XUT)
SYSTEM POWER
MERIDIAN MAIL
XDTR card
XMFC card
SSTD card
DTI/PRI (1.5Mb)
ssc
DTI2/PRI2 (2Mb)
Slot 10 : Meridian Mail card
The Option11C backplane incorporates the CPU bus

and the network bus.

Option 11C
Expansion Cabinet
MERIDIAN 1
System Power - power supply

Fibre Receiver card (slot 0)
DIGITAL LINE CARD
DIGITAL LINE CARD
DIGITAL LINE CARD

DIGITAL LINE CARD
DIGITAL LINE CARD

DIGITAL LINE CARD
DIGITAL LINE CARD

DIGITAL LINE CARD
UNIVERSAL TRUNK
UNIVERSAL TRUNK
Slots 1-10 : PE cards
SYSTEM POWER
FIBER RECEIVER
Analog Line Cards (XALC, XMLC)
FUTURE USE
Digital Line Card (XDLC)
Universal Trunk Card (XUT)

Option 11C
Small System Controller
Security Device Option 11C CP U Pac k
DRAM DRAM space of 16MB

68LC040 F lash SIMM Protected/Unprotected Data
Main Processor (CPU):
Motorola 68LC040 Stacks
handles Queues, etc.
- call processing
- serial ports
- network traffic
Flash Memory Daughterboard: 40 MB
PC M C I A
32 MB for Program Store
8 MB for File System, includes
customer data
psdl (downloadable loadware)
PCMCIA Drive: (2 drives)
log file
PCMCIA card is used
for software delivery of
upgrades FIBER 1
• 40 MB for software
delivery & data storage
• 2 MB for patch delivery
Connections to the Expansion Cabinets
FIBER 2
Also has an auxiliary processor Ethernet Jumper : for Ethernet connection

(MC68020) which handles:
- card polling
Also, supports 3 SDI ports. The baud rate is
- security
selectable on the faceplate of the card.
- tone generation

Option 11C
n Network Equipment & Peripheral control:

– One I44 device providing switching for 30 DS30X loops.
– One A31 device providing 10 DS30X loops of signaling.
– 10 DS30X loops (TDM Bus) which interfaces between the
digital switch (I44 device) and Peripheral Equipment (PE).
– 32 channels of conference service: two B03 devices, each
providing two 16 channel conference loops.
» Maximum of 6 parties per conference call
» Each B03 device supports
n up to 5 3-party conferences
– Tone and Digit Switch - 30 tone generating channels.

Option 11C
n Other functions (Peripheral Equipment):

– 8 DTR/XTD units
– additional tone service units can be configured:
» 4 units of MFC/MFE/MFK5/MFK6/MFR or
» 8 DTR/XTD units

Option 11C
n Fibre Expansion Daughterboard

– Expansion to the second and third cabinets is provided by
CPU mounted expansion daughterboard.
– Two versions
» 10m fibre link supports installation of expansion
cabinets up to 10 m from the main cabinet.
» 3 km link supports up to 3km between cabinets.
– Each expansion daughterboard also provides the
following components:
» One A31 device providing 10 DS30X loops of signaling
» One B03 device for an additional 16 channel
conference loop

Option 11C
n Backward compatible expansion daughterboard
– To provide a backward compatible solution for existing two-
cabinet Option 11 system upgrade.
– This board can be installed on the CPU board in place of the
fibre expansion boards.
– This board allows the Option 11C to be installed on existing
Option 11 systems and support the use of the metal
expansion cable for connecting to the existing expansion
cabinet.
– Also provides the following components:
» One A31 device providing 10 DS30X loops of signaling.
» One B03 device for an additional 16 channel conference
loop.
– This does NOT support:
» fibre expansion scheme
» ethernet interface

SYSTEM POWER
Loop/Slot
Superloop
ssc
ANALOG LINE CARD
9 July, 1999
0
ANALOG LINE CARD
DIGITAL LINE CARD
1 2 3 4
DIGITAL LINE CARD
DIGITAL LINE CARD
4
DIGITAL LINE CARD
DIGITAL LINE CARD
5 6 7 8
UNIVERSAL TRUNK
9
UNIVERSAL TRUNK
10
MERIDIAN MAIL
MERIDIAN 1
8
SYSTEM POWER
FIBER RECEIVER
DIGITAL LINE CARD
DIGITAL LINE CARD
DIGITAL LINE CARD
DIGITAL LINE CARD
12
DIGITAL LINE CARD
DIGITAL LINE CARD
Option 11C
DIGITAL LINE CARD
BVW & MPK Technical Training

DIGITAL LINE CARD
16
UNIVERSAL TRUNK
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
UNIVERSAL TRUNK
MERIDIAN 1
FUTURE USE
Loops vs. Superloops
n
n
PROPRIETARY
Loops
timeslots
(channels)
equipment
Superloops
Kb/sec rate
70
supports a 64
– each time slot
divided into 32
– each link (loop) is
– consists of 4 loops
– only valid for ENET
Option 11C
n Network Shelf Cards:

– Digital Trunk Interface (DTI) cards
» T1 for North America and Japan
» E1 for Europe and most of the rest of the world
– Primary Rate Interface (PRI) cards
» PRI for North America and Japan
» PRI2 for Europe and most of the rest of the world

Option 11C
n Peripheral Equipment (IPE only):

– Analog Line Cards
» 16 units per card
– Digital Line Cards
» 32 units per card (16 voice, 16 data)
– Universal Trunk cards
» 8 units per card
n CO
n tie

Option 11C
Expansion Cabinet
n Fibre Receiver Packs

– This pack provides interface to the Main cabinet.
– The expansion Fibre Receiver Pack resides on slot 0 of
each expansion cabinet.
– It provides a serial port which allows remote TTY access.
– There are two versions:
» 10m fibre connection
» 3km fibre connection

Option 11C
Line Size Expansion

on Option 11C systems

Option 11C
Line Size Expansion
n Customer (End User) Values
– growth to 5 cabinets ( up to 700 lines)
– non blocking architecture
– Maximum number of conference loops to 6
– TTYs can be configured for the expansion cabinets 3 and 4
– Dual fibre daughterboards fit in existing sockets for
existing single density fibre daughterboards
– Existing fibre daughterboards can co-exist with new dual
fibre daughterboard

Option 11C
Line Size Expansion
Dual Port Fibre Expansion Cabinet #1 New dual fibre daughterboards each
Daughterboards support two cabinets.
mounted on SSC Card in
the Main Cabinet Slot 0 Each dual fibre daughterboard
supports 2 conference loops.
Expansion Cabinet #3
Main Cabinet Refresh.
CPU
Main Cabinet Board
Slot 0
New SSC card faceplate.
Dual Fibre
Daughter Bd.
Dual Fibre
Short and Long Haul fibre solutions.
.Daughter Bd.
SSC No change to expansion cabinets -

work with existing Fibre Receiver card.
*New components

Option 11C
Line Size Expansion
Card Slots
Configuration = Two Dual 11 to 20
fibre Interface Cards P1
Card Slots
CPU
Main Cabinet Board P3 31 to 40
Slot 0
Dual Fibre
Daughter Bd.
Dual Fibre
.Daughter Bd. Expansion Cabinet #2
SSC Card Slots
P2 21 to 30
P= fibre Interface Card
Port Number
*New components Card Slots

P4
41 to 50

Option 11C
Line Size Expansion
Configuration = One Dual
fibre Interface Card and One Card Slots
Single fibre Interface Card 11 to 20
P1
Main Cabinet CPU Card Slots

Board
P3
Slot 0
31 to 40
Dual Fibre
Daughter Bd.
Single Fibre
Daughter
. Bd. Expansion Cabinet #2
SSC P2 Card Slots
21 to 30
P= fibre Interface Card
Port Number
*New components

M1 Terminal Equipment

How PBX Calls Connect to
Outside Locations

Analog sets
n not proprietary
n 500 and 2500 sets interface to the
system via the analog line card
(ALC, XALC)
– A/D D/A conversion is a shared resource on
the line card, giving a lower cost per line
n 500 sets - digits dialed are translated
by the line card from dial pulses
received from the set
n 2500 sets - digits dialed generate a
tone which is interpreted by a receiver
(DTR card) on the access shelf

Digital Sets
n Digital voice and
signaling
n Interfaces to the system
through a Digital Line
Card (DLC, XDLC)
n 2 channels available
M2616 M2216 - ACD
“Aries” sets
M2317 Options include
• Number of feature
keys
• 11 Line/feature keys • display
• 5 Context sensitive softkeys access • handsfree
numerous features and prompts
• Built-in Handsfree
M2008
• Requires external power

Basic Rate Interface (BRI) sets
n Station-style version of Integrated

Services Digital Network (ISDN)
n Terminates “2B+D”
– two 64 Kbit “Bearer” channels, for voice
+ data
– one 16 Kbit “Data” channel for signaling.
n Minimal feature set
n Same plastics as M2317
M5317

Mobile sets
n Cordless
– Maestro CT
– Aries CT
n Companion
– Analog cellular sets
n Companion Microcellular
– digital cellular sets
– works in building/network
via M1
– works outside the building
via public cellular service
provider

Attendant Console
n Several variations
– original SL-1 Attendant
– M1250
– M2250
n Keystrips
– Trunk Group Busy Keys
– Incoming Call Identifications (ICI)
Keys
M2250
– Call Processing or Loop Keys
– a feature-rich digital – Fixed Feature Keys
console for efficient, high-
speed call processing
– Programmable Feature Keys

Meridian 1 Attendant PC
n Windows 95 based
solution
n can increase attendant
productivity by
providing an
– on-line Directory with Dial-
by-Name capability
– customized Information
Screens
– ability to multitask between
call processing and other
Attendant PC Unit Windows 95/NT
applications

PCs, etc.
n Digital interface
– MCA (Meridian Communications Adapter) fits inside a
Meridian digital telephone set
– MCU (Meridian Communications Unit) is a stand-alone
version of the MCA and provides additional features
n Analog interface
– Fax machines and modems can be connected
» via analog lines
» via an Analog Terminal Adaptor (ATA), an accessory
soon to be available for use on Aries digital sets

Trunks
link the system to the outside world
Analog Trunks
n connect to XUT and XEM IPE
cards n Trunk types (functions)
– one channel per twisted pair – Tie trunks (to link PBXs
together)
– Central Office (CO)
Digital Trunks
– Wide Area Telephone
n connect to DTI and PRI cards Service (WATS)
on the network shelf – Direct Inward Dialing (DID)
– T1: 24 channels per twisted pair
n connect to DTI2 and PRI2 on
the network shelf
– E1: 32 channels per twisted pair

Exercise
n Review quiz

SL-1/M1 Evolution

student will be able to
– discuss how the Meridian 1 has evolved
– discuss what customers expect from the Meridian 1

Evolutionary Directions
Versatility
Flexibility
Processing Power
Reliability
Memory
Capacity
Value • User
• Chooser
• Distributor
Cost • End-User
Power
Footprint
Time
Evergreen
n Protect the customer’s investment

» Quick, reliable, and cost-effective
upgrade pathways
n Major system components are separate
architectural units that allow independent
evolution.
– a Call Processor can be replaced to increase real time
capacity
– Peripheral equipment can be added, or higher density IPE
equipment used to increase the port capacity
– Application equipment modules can be added to increase
functionality
n New versions of a component must work with
older versions of other components
Design objectives for the SL-1
n Modular system with a flexible architecture
n Maximize universal card positions
n Fully stored-program controlled
n Multi-location, multi-customer
n Connect to any CO (initially in North America)
without D/A&A/D converters (i.e., digitally)
n Continue to support older systems/sets while
evolving the products. Protect the customer’s
investment
n Quick/easy upgrade paths
n new telephone set with keys, features, less wires
(key system used 25-pair cables to each set. The
SL-1 set used only 4, a big improvement!)
SL-1 & Meridian SL-1
n SL-1: A, M, L, LE, VL,

VLE, and XL machines
n Meridian SL-1: S, MS, N,
XN, ST, NT, XT, RT
n First digital PBX on the
market
n Proprietary CPU,
operating system (OS),
language
n 300 - 5000 lines
n 1975-’90

Meridian 1
n Options 11, 21, 51, 61, and 71
n Options 81, 81C, 51C, 61C, 11C,
Meridian 1 and 11C Compact
– Commercial CPU, OS, language
n 30-10,000 lines
n Modular cabinets
n Multiple processors
– offload of tasks from the core CPU to
network and peripheral card
n Intelligent Peripheral Equipment
(IPE)
– Octal density peripheral cards
– CardLAN introduced
– Greater flexibility in engineering
n 1990 - present

Evolution - Packaging
n SL-1 and MSL-1 cabinets

– Modified for N and XN to allow
front and rear access
Meridian 1
n Modular, stackable shelves

introduced along with the
name change to Meridian 1.
n Small Systems introduced wall

or floor mountable main and
expansion cabinets.

CPU evolution
n MIRV (1984 - ‘89)
– SL-1 S, MS, N, and XN
– First bit-slice processors; Last entirely proprietary CPU
n Omega (1986 - ‘95)
– SL-1 ST, NT, XT, RT; Option 11, 21, 51, 61, and 71
– Processor based on the AMD 2901
» Six 2901’s make up the 24-bit processor for most
» Four 2901s make up the 16-bit processor for the ST,
Option 11, and Option 21 machines
n Thor processor (1993 - present)
– 1st use of a commercial processor (Motorola 68K) on the
CP board
– 1st use of a commercial operating system (VxWorks) on
the core processor

SL-1 Network evolution
n Original SL-1 Network
– 16 timeslots per loop; One loop per 16 Max 160
network card timeslots terminals
...
– Maximum 80 loops per system; 1-4 EPE
shelves per loop
n Enhanced Network (ENET)
introduced with the N-type Max 160
machines (N, XN) 32
timeslots terminals
...
– Doubled loop capacity to 32 timeslots;
2 loops per card
– Doubled the maximum number of loops
to 160
n X-Calibur Network (XNET) 128 Min 4 cards
– Each XNET card handles 1 superloop, timeslots Max 2 IPE
...
equivalent to 4 loops (128 timeslots) shelves
– Maximum of 160 loops or 40 superloops
maintained
– 1/4 - 2 IPE shelves per superloop
SL-1 Access evolution
n EPE n IPE
– 10 cards per shelf – 16 cards per shelf
» Single density – Octal density cards
n Maximum 4 units/card » Maximum 32 units/card
» Double density – Offloaded tasks from main
peripheral cards (S) CPU
n Maximum 8 units/card
» Quad density peripheral
cards (N and XN)
n Maximum 16 units/card
n Bringing digital to the desktop

– Original SL-1 supported analog and SL-1 sets
» SL-1 sets used digital signaling
– Digital Line Card (DLC) & the first fully digital set introduced along
with double density loops/cards
– New digital sets continue to be developed

What’s next
Good question!
n Network expansion (SONET-based)

n Intel-based platform (CPP)
n Voice over IP (trunk-side; line-side)
n Specialized small systems
n Eclipse
n Convergence of voice and data networks

Configuring a Meridian 1

System level data
Information about the system as a whole
n Configuration Record (LD 17, LD 97)
– Hardware of the system
» Loops
n to peripheral equipment (ENET)
n Conference and tone loops (XCT)
n T1/E1 (DTI, PRI)
» Superloops (to IPE shelves)
n IPE segmentation
» TTYs
» number of CPUs
– passwords
– background and midnight routines
– call processing data structure allocation
n More system hardware
– Digitone Receivers (LD 13)

Customer level data
n Customer Data Block (LD 15)
» A “Customer” is a way of logically separating system
resources among different users
» Characteristics applying to all Customer resources are
defined in this data block.
n Routes (LD 16)
» Assigned to a specific Customer
» Logically groups multiple trunks going to a common
destination
» Each route is assigned an Access Code (ACOD) which
determines which calls it will handle
n Trunks (LD 14)
» Links trunks with routes
» Trunk-specific data not pre-determined by the route
» Has a physical location, called a Terminal Number (TN)
n TN consists of Loop, Shelf, Card, and Unit

Set level data
» Assigned to a specific Customer
» Each set has a TN
» Each set has a DN (Directory Number)
n Digital sets (LD 11)

» SL-1 sets, Aries family, 2317, … the list is long
n Analog (LD 10)
» 500 and 2500 sets
n Attendant Console (LD 12)
» 1250 (uses an SL-1 Line Card)
» 2250 (uses an ISDLC (EPE) or XDLC (IPE))
n BRI (LD 27)
» ISDN Basic Rate Interface sets

Meridian 1 Data Hierarchy
Configuration Data
LD 17 & 97
Customer 2 Data
LD 15
Customer 1 Data
LD 15
Set
level analog sets
DTRs
LD 10
Routes
Consoles Customer 0 Data
LD 13
LD 16
LD 12
LD 15
Trunks
Customer LD 14
System
digital sets
level LD 11
level

Software Packaging
n Historically a way of managing software size

n Enables flexible pricing
– Customers can buy basic service at a lower price, adding
other features, for a price, at a later time.
n To print the packaging information for a
system, use LD 22 (it’s system level data)

TNs and DNs
NT8D35 Network Module
Super Loop 08
TN: Physical address of CE Module Net
the interface card X

N
E
DN: Dialing address
T
of the terminal
3 Port Extender QPC441C
Peripheral Signaling QPC43R

to which a terminal
IGS QPC412C or DTI or PRI

Slots 5 - 12
DTI or SDI or PRI

SuperLoop Network
or route.
NT8D04AA or ENET
Card QPC414 or DTI or
is connected. PRI or SDI

or Conference/TDS
NT8D17AA
or SDI
Network Module CE Pwr Sup
1
3PE
2 3
IGS 1 IGS 0
4
PS
5
SLP
6 7
SLP
8 9
SLP
10 11
SLP
12 13 14
IPE Module
Shelf
IPE Module
Shelf 00 NT8D37 Intelligent Peripheral Equipment Module NT8D37 Intelligent Peripheral Equipment Module
Shelf 01
PE Module PE PE Module PE
X X
D D
L L
C C
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cont 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cont 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
PE Pwr Sup Rng Gen PE Pwr Sup Rng Gen
Intelligent Intelligent
Superloop Superloop
Peripheral Equipment Peripheral Equipment
Shelf Shelf
TN Loop Shelf Card Unit TN Loop Shelf Card Unit

08 00 15 00 08 01 15 01
DN 2300 DN 5400

TN/DN for Small Systems
MERIDIAN 1
ANALOG LINE CARD

ANALOG LINE CARD
DIGITAL LINE CARD
DIGITAL LINE CARD

DIGITAL LINE CARD
DIGITAL LINE CARD
UNIVERSAL TRUNK
DIGITAL LINE CARD
UNIVERSAL TRUNK
SYSTEM POWER
MERIDIAN MAIL
In Small Systems:
TN is defined by Card
ssc
and Unit number only.
In the examples shown below,

the TN 3 5 is a digital set with
DN = 3420, and TN 3 12 is also
a digital set with DN = 3428.
Card 3 unit 5 unit 12

DN=3420 DN=3428
Meridian Administration Tool
n Interface
– GUI - Windows 95
– On-line context sensitive help
– Multi-site capabilities,
supporting multiple Meridian 1
systems
n Reporting
– predefined reports
– custom filtering and reporting
capabilities
– Import/export capabilities
n Connects via an SDI or
Ethernet port from the core
equipment

Administrative overlays
n a.k.a. Service Change (SC) overlays

n Some administrative overlays:
– Change Configuration Record (LD 17, 97)
– Add, delete, or change Telephone Sets (LD 10, 11, 12, 27)
– Add, delete, or change Customer Data Blocks (LD 15)
– Add, delete, or change Routes (LD 16)
– Add, delete, or change Trunks (LD 14)
n Equipment Data Dump (LD 43)

– Saves data to mass storage which survives a cold start

Print overlays
n Separated from admin overlays because of historical

program size restriction
– LD 20: prints TN related data (sets, trunks, DTRs, DN blocks,…)
– LD 21: prints Customer Data Blocks
– LD 22: prints the Configuration Record Data Block
n Other print overlays
– LD 81: prints a list or count of sets with selected features
– LD 82: prints hunting patterns and DN blocks (Multiple Appearance
groups)
– LD 83: prints a list of TNs in DES order

Admin/Print overlays
n Newer service change (administrative)

overlays also print
» LD 27: administers and prints BRI data
» LD 97: administers and prints some portions of the
Configuration Record
n Linked overlays
» Overlays which work with set data are “linked”.
» LD 10, 11, 20
» LD 32

Maintenance overlays
n Perform testing, enable, disable, and check

status of hardware
n Perform audits of hardware and software
Some maintenance overlays:

– LD 30: Network and Signaling Diagnostic
– LD 31: Telephone and Console Diagnostic
– LD 32: Network and Peripheral Diagnostic
– LD 34: TDS and DTR Diagnostic

Other overlays
n Traffic: LD 2
– Set time and date
– Set traffic report schedules, print reports
n Audit
– LD 1: Template Audit
» Audits the PBX and BCS template data structures
– LD 44: Software Audit
» Audits data structures: Call registers, queues, etc.
» Checks/repairs linkages, network connections, etc.

Exercises
n Hands-on exercises

Supplemental Slides

Software Overview

Process view
SL1 server
New C requests
and C++
Appl’ns
SL-1
3rd party platform extensions Nortel’s

extensions
VxWorks Operating System
Device H/W
Drivers Intrinsics
Network & AUX

Flash PCMCIA Ethernet TTY Peripheral Processors
Drive Drive Controllers
telephones,
trunks, ...

the SL-1 bubble
Call
Administration
SL-1 Processing
Maintenance
INITIALIZE
WORKSHED
SYSLOAD

SYSLOAD and INITIALIZE
SYSLOAD (System Load):
n Loads customer data into protected data store
n For upgrades, converts the data to it’s new form
n Enables TTYs
n Performs H/W diagnostics
INITIALIZE :
n Initializes call-related data structures in
unprotected data store
n Test devices for permanent interrupts
n Perform or initiate downloading of ‘loadware’
n Rebuild calls

WORKSHED
n Schedules ‘tasks’ within the SL-1 task for

execution whenever VxWorks gives the SL-1
task some CPU time.
n Scheduling based on ‘fixed’ priorities
– Input messages handled first
– Timing queues
– TTY input (for overlays)
– other administrative work and audits

Administration & Maintenance
n Overlays
– Administration overlays (e.g., 10, 11, 17) modify and print
customer data; LD 43 backs up the customer data
– Maintenance overlays (e.g., 30, 34) test and print the
status of various hardware entities
n Audits some examples...
– Lamp Audit
» Re-asserts lamp states on sets
– Software Audit (AUD, LD 44)
» Checks queues and registers in unprotected data store
» Checks call states and connection information
– Overload monitor (OVD)
» Invoked when excessive input messages are detected
or an input buffer overflow occurs
» Attempts to determine if there is a hardware problem,
and will disable any faulty device found
Call Processing
n Comprises roughly one million lines of code

n Interfaces with the average telephone user
– ordinary calls (POTS)
– features: call forwarding, call waiting, call park, ACD,
network attendant service, …
– recorded announcements, tones
n Each event is handled in a single “timeslice”
– each event is handled in a single timeslice
– information about a single call is kept in a Call Register
– progress markers are used heavily

an average call
Meridian 1
Set A
Set B

Call walk-through
Set A Set B
Call
Line card Processing Line card
offhook
Offhook reported
Dialtone provided
dialing
Digits collected and
reported Ring message
Ring message
Key 0 pressed
Message reported or offhook message
Call is established
Call state transition 1/2
Set A
offhook Remove Dial Remove Reorder
Allocate CR, Give Dial Tone, Tone,
attach it to Tone time Give Reorder
time time Detach and
set A out out out
Tone release the CR
on hook digit “4” is

dialed
Detach and Remove Dial

release the Tone,
CR Digit
accumulation
(next page)

Call state transition 2/2
Digit accumulation
Event?
Digit dialed
Store digit
Timeout
in CR, Set or Trunk
(waiting for incomplete Complete Terminate
digit) DN Process
DN
digits
Invalid DN
Remove Reorder
Give
Tone,
Reorder Timeout or Detach and
Tone onhook release the CR

Option 21 and 21E
n Single CPU
Universal n Single network group
Equipment
– maximum 28 loops
Module
– Option 21: 800 ports
Universal – Option 21E: 1200 ports
Equipment
Module
n Combined CE/NE/PE
module
Universal n Specialized power
Equipment distribution, monitoring,
Module
and cooling systems
n Release 15-17 (Option
CE/PE
Module
21)
n Release 18-21 (Option
21E)

Option 21A
n Single module
– Combined CE (CPU and
Network) and PE module
n Single network group
– maximum 28 loops
– 160 ports
CE/PE
Module n Specialized power
distribution,
monitoring, and
cooling systems
n Release 15-17

Option 11 and 11E
n Single CPU
– Option 11: 64180
– Option 11E: 68EC020
n Number of cabinets
– Option 11: main and
optional one expansion
– Option 11E: main and
optional two expansion
n Single network group
– 600 ports
n Release ?? (11)
n Release 20-21 (11E)

Option 71
n Multi-group
Optional
InterGroup
Universal Universal – Maximum 160
Network Equipment Equipment
Module
Module
Module Module loops
– 10,000 ports
Optional Optional Universal
Network
Network
Module
Network Equipment n Dual CPU
n Release 15-21
Optional
Network
Network
Optional
Network
Intelligent PE n Discontinued
Module Module
Module Module
Optional
CPU 1 CPU
CPU 0 Intelligent PE
Network
Module

Option 81
Universal Universal Universal

Equipment Network Equipment InterGroup Equipment
Universal Universal
Equipment Network Network Network Equipment
Network Network Network Network Intelligent PE

Core Core
CPU
Network Network Intelligent PE
Module Module
(CPU1) (CPU0)
n Multi-group n Dual CPU

– maximum 160 loops n Thor core equipment
– 10,000 ports
n Replaced the Option 71
n Release 18-20
n discontinued

SL-1 set
n uses 6-wire
transmission
n digital signaling
n analog speech
n SL-1 sets interface to
the system through
the SL-1 line card
(SL1LC)
n discontinued

System Evolution (CPU
(CPU view)
view)
avid ox
Gemini D .k.a. F
a
S (16- bit Omega)
11C
11 11E
ST
M 21A Compact
A MS
11C
RT 21
Mirv Thor,
Omega aka Gamma
21E STORME
processor
L LE N NT
51 51C
VL VLE XL
61 61C
XN XT
71 81 81C
g , libur
v in a
Mir Vik .a. X-C
1975 a.k 1998….
SL-1 Meridian SL-1 Meridian 1

System Evolution (reliability)
(reliability)
single
control S 11C
11 11E
ST
M 21A Compact
A MS
11C
RT 21
21E
L LE N NT
51 51C
VL VLE XL
61 61C
redundant XN XT
control 71 81 81C
1975 1998….

System Evolution (network
(network group
group view)
view)
single
network group S
11 11E 11C
ST
M 21A Compact
A MS
11C
RT 21
21E
L LE N NT
51 51C
VL VLE XL
61 61C
multiple XN XT
network groups 71 81 81C
1975 1998….

System Evolution (Network
(Network view)
view)
double
density
16 loops/group S
11 11E 11C
ST
M 21A Compact
A MS
RT 11C
21
32 loops/group
(2 loops/network card) superloops - XNET
21E
(4 loops/ntwk card)
L LE N NT
51 51C
VL VLE XL
61 61C
XN XT
71 81 81C
single density double&quad octal density - XNET

1975 1998….
density - ENET

Network capacity
Loops Units per Card

density timeslots shelves max # units analog digital analog
per loop served by serviced by line cards line cards trunk
(super)loop (super)loop cards
single 16 1-4 40-160 4 n/a 2
(QPC 50/376)
later 32
(ENET)
double 32 (ENET) 1-2 40-80 8 8 4
(4 voice/
4 data)
quad 32 (ENET) 1 160 16 16 4

(8 voice/
8 data)
octal 128 (XNET) ¼-2 128-1024 16 32 8/4

(superloop) (16 voice/
16 data)

Loops vs
vs.. Superloops
n Loops n Superloops
– connect to EPE equipment – connect to IPE equipment
– consists of Data In and – consists of 4 DS30 Y links
Data Out lines to peripheral to the peripheral controller
buffer in each EPE shelf on each IPE shelf
– each Data line is divided – each DS30 Y is divided into
into 32 time slots 32 time slots (channels)
(channels) – each time slot supports an
– each time slot supports a 80 Kb/sec rate
64 Kb/sec rate – 128 channels x 80 Kb/sec =
– 32 channels x 64 Kb/sec = 2.56 Mb/sec for each
2.048 Mb/sec bit rate for superloop
each loop

n Intro to M1 - this is the last slide.

PBX Basics

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Introduction to

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 1

By the end of this course, students will

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 2

n Private Branch Exchange - it is a private communication system

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 3

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 4

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 5

Objective: At the end of this section, the

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 6

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 8

Network Loop n Distribution/Multiplexing

Access Network Loop

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 9

Network n Carries messages and

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 10

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 11

Network control bus

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 12

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 13

Objective: At the end of this section, the

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 14

Universal Intelligent Universal

n maximum 16 loops n maximum 32 loops

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 15

(aka circuit packs,

Common Equipment Network Group CPU

CE Module Net CPU/Mem

... Multiple Intelligent Universal System

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 16

Cable Routing Module

Front Panel BLOWERS

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 17

CPU Memory Mass User

Thor, god of thunder

Thor is a character of Marvel Characters, Inc. TM

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 18

Network Group __ CPU __

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 19

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 20

n Motorola off-the-shelf processors

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 21

n Core Network Interface (CNI)

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 23

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 24

n Three-Port Extender (3PE) card

n Peripheral Signaling (PS) card

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 25

n Enhanced Network Card (ENET)

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 26

nDTI (Digital Trunk Interface)

n Conference and Tone card (XCT)

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 29

BVW & MPK Technical Training

Inter-Processor Bus(IPB) Network Bus

Inter CPU cable SCSI bus cable

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 31

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 32

n Supported on all Meridian 1 large systems

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 34

n Analog Line and trunk cards

9 July, 1999 BVW & MPK Technical Training PROPRIETARY 35

Network Group CPU