qUONS"ET

POINT'S

A.el SCHOOL

TIl!ACHEs

OFIi'ICERS

TO ~COGNITE

SHIPS

BY TOTA.L FORM

PERCU'TIDN,

NOT BY COMBINATION

OF IND1\/IDUAL

!'ARTS

HOW TO IDEN IFY S IPS

At the Start Quonset Picks Out Pe(uliarities-Like Joe Brown's Busby Eyebrows
HE most irnpurtant pT(1bl m th- t renfronts the teacher of ship ree<)gni[i(}u Is determining' what and how rnanv details of a ship's sUJJCI'Su'uc-turc should he singled out for special ernphasis. Of course, care mu \ bl' taken no I Ip ove -burden the b,'gillnur with a mass f irr levant detail. The analogy has Ircqnerrtly been drawn between identifying: ships or planes and Iden tif'ying people one meets, to explain the need for knowing a hip OJ' plane no! AS a combination of parts, out as a "total Iorm" perception,' Tid aonl g' call be ext sndcd.
R~GCJg'Illllill

Wht.n rno ring a gl'OtIp f strangers, unless gifted with a phenomenal memory. one j, forced to rely upon pecu-

Contents
How to Identify Ships 1

Grampaw Pettibohe . Jap Ships Under Atfack

Did You Know:'? ..• ,

6
8 10

Marine C.orps .l\viatlon Shore Statlons ., , .,

Communications ,. Technic(1lfy SpeC1king • . . Leiters., . . . . . . . • ..

14 21
22 27 32

. See Irnreductlon to the Plr!o rial M Iltilull.

nr and

7il'li'

liarities in appearance of each ill the ltl'Cmp--->;{'ar ()I" molt. way of talkin_g~ to individualize tach (the people. 'WI1I'11 $ftciAg these people later, a "toia] form percppt.ion" replaces the need fOl" the earlier means or idenrification. This "iustinctivo" recognition will have developed nlQI'C rapidly because of concentratlon at the start OIJ a di lin tive dt~tai!~J9c Brown th fellow witlr U1 busby eyebrows. 'I'ltis process of learning is applicable to ~"ip rel:.ognition. To disting~!ish I ,tw ea -niw.d Stales and BritiID one-stack destroy rs. onlv a few details arc 111"ed .. d. It is sufficient to point out that all British ne-sta c:k(>rc..

have tripod foremasts, flash screens et veen theu forward gun houses, and sharply rak d bow. whereas no onestack United States destroyers have tripod foremasts or flash screens focward,and Lhcir bows are leu sharply raked. Thes characterisries will be 110 more apparent at

combat lliane , a third for. the Britisb Fleet, and so on. It has been f(lu,nd distiftctly helpful to present all mate-

long range (han Joe llrown's bushy eyehrows! all dcstro rs

tll'e n'otorJously

a1:kc

when seen on the horizon, Bu it must nnr h· forg tten that Joe BrOWII's e brows played an integral parr in making it eas to di tinguish him ~rom the rest, though later the were no I nger needed in l-'copmizil"lg him from afar. Confidence an Element of teurning Details of armament, comparative freeboasds, type$ oi bridge structure and the like might also have been includr-d in the initial pr atation of U. • . d British one-stack destrovej , DtH confidence lllust be bnilt up III a beginner, The sooner one call thumb through a file of pictures and recognize what he sees the better will he the results. Trying to master many details for ea h ship or plane l'e£uHs in a slowing down of the learning pr L'SS. This is vcry disco~giIIg to the beginner, When it becomes nee ssary to Ill. ke the pi'cture more detailed-to ilv,oicl CO.fir usien with other ene- tack desrroyers ,(sa " the Italians) -addi~ Lional facts can be added. Ther is 00 need [or till information at first. Time is an essential Iactor at Quonset', Air Combat Information School. Besidt$ other subjeei student officers try to master during the eight week" course, they have also to learn navies and air forces of the U nited States,

411U. S. one-stack batdeshjps are projected at th arne time 011 a screen. SO that . ne will be learned in r lation to th rest: the .high, solid tower-bridge of the Sotah Dekota, nearly twice theb'ight of her wide stack, )s contrasted v"lih the lower, less massiv . t werbridge of the T(mrI8SStB: the Ne1Jadr/s barely discernible trJpod Io lJIillit ~U1d Sharply pYl'rumJal profile amid liip~ are seen. t-O differ markedly frern the higber tripod foremast and the more spread-out \0' t r he supersrructu«

rial n a comparative- basi". During the nrsl classroom hOUf1 silhouettes of

...
d,,"ti
j1l'QceM

Continued
JJL
c~n'

<11m <II Q,IQlller'I I( J oj!l. kbot;/ l' tlJ Ih"l'li/1i sf,l. "bilil) 1'1 j'/<'IJliJ.' .M/Il In u

"1

"Tom! l"/"I/I

Illfr,.ejll/ttll."

flu' I/I'~ajj r"li h.t· 'ft:/ljietl II/I. ,II fir«, ,,~ /})tf,,'lJg alit ,lIl1illguhh IIJg "N/cr{ I.·..i.lin, T6i~;. II>.: ,f!'1,,;e!
;1> rill ""Il '" "'bid) d/!jl.e,jrr:II '" rl.J~ .Ih/) I. 1')4-1, ItJtlr:r;j il,blll.,g,U;II,

special emphasis is n t always so easy. specially when long-range recognition is involved. Ships of die lllltlTLtlPSan Diego class near-by, for instance, would seem to present no difficulty; (Jush deekline and the three turrets forwaJ'd and aft tilppa.renrtyinilividuaUze these sJ)ips suff ien tly at a ny range. Ar;tiQO photogl'aphs Irmrn the South Pa ific suggest otherwise; with after turrets cornpletelv ohscured, and forward lutts not too dea-rly outlined. the AltlfJ1lIr;s are nevertheless still recognizable frum their prominent after islands wIth the single, highfire-control tower, just abaft the Iuttered iecond Slack. Sit"ilarIy, the hangar structure on ruisers of til, New OrteflllS class tend to becom still mar massiv!'! the £Mtlter off the)' are, giving a heavily huilt-up appearance, weU aft on the dkline. Details such a those just mentioned, which do not necessarily command attention when the ships in q uestioa are near at hand, are ebviusly TJpints which an inl'tructOI' should stress fer a class, becaus it is long-range recognition that. is of primary interest, What Does Look like Far Away? There is" of course, no sure way of knowing how a ship i going to look when far distant, iI Gill 10 e-up shots are available. Actual observation would be ideal i the next b sl sclution is t-o make usc of photographs. Th occasional releases of combat plctures constitute an excelhmt 80UIce for long.ran_ge VlcWS of ships. and planes, in unconventional positions; but the number and types of ship$ and planes included in such releases are necessarily limited. A. steadier and more inclusive supply can be btained 'b)' havillgl;trget pictures reduced in size. D a pi e of cardboard 15" x 81.1 hom ten to fifteen of the smaller picrures fl'om ueh a publication as O. N. 1.54'-1(, may be mounted, and two Or three prints 01 the colle 'bon znade, ranging in sizes from one-quarter to

't

Great Britain, Japan, and O(~l"mauy, This schedule Ieaves approximately 11 week fOr all ships of the U. S. Fleer .•another fm ur Navy and Anny

the N(Jw Mr.x· of about the same be-ight as her stack gives. her and her uster s:hjps a uniquely stubby squat appearance; while the prominent tripod mainmasts, set" well ~ft on the TeJeas and ArkqrutU, keep thes ships distinctly segregated [rotn. any of the others. Such contrasts, Iar from tending 10 comUs the beginner, have been found 111gbIy effective in bringing into prominence those essential differences upon wh:icll di tin,guishing on ship from I'lnotheris based.

iao'» cluttered towcr-bridg

on the Ptrnl'ln'l·volJitl;

Selecting Ships' ChafQderis';c~ Decidine which details of a ship's superstru tur should IJc selected Ior

one-sixteenth

the size

NEW MEXICO

nats--c)('pending upon dal·ity or background (lflhe original, In thi~ manner it is easy to build up a good w.erkil1gset of what Corresponds to long-rang!! views of ships or planes; and lho instructor i better enabled LO aeefa!! what arc the reallv !fi,sril1clivc features to b~ emphasized, These reduced-In-size pictures should also be made avail a bl to the studen ts, Use of card files, contain.

or

the origl-

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One of the Final Examinations in Recogniti()n Given to' the Student OfHcers at Quonset's A(I School
1. NELSON 2. KATE 3. P·ENSACOLA.
9. KONGU

n:RENOWN lB. MUSTANG 19. GEllMAN 20. FOIlTRESS 21. SOUTH

22. JU-81i

25.
DO DAKDTA

BENSOH-BRISTOL

33. OMAHA 3( SPITFIRE 35. NEW-CASTLE

3D. JU-52/3M

10. ME-ItO

26. NELL 27, LEIPZIG 28. OO-zI7E 29. MALAYA

3D. BEAUFORT

11. lERATSUKI
It ME-IOliF

4. VENTURA
5. SCHARNHORST

13. GRIDLEY 14. BETTY

15. RANGER 16: WElLINGTON

31. NEVADA. 31. CATALINA 39. CLEVELAND ~~. HE-InK

6. VAL
1, DEVONSHIRE
B. BEAUFIGHTER

23. TENRYU 24. WAR HAWK

31.

NACI1I

32. RUFE

ISHIPS

•.•

CONTINUEDI

(l[IV~,y.o 1'i~II~l

." •

rt.U!W

lSi dOl ~Icht eln stem OT~~~r' H-p.H~ £IQt ain't. 00 .$tel" of bE!·~r T~'fe~' fQ,:"w.~rd. ~(i(t m r~r L'IlTZO\'l Or der AOMIRAL StHEftR

i I1g picture ~)r 'hips a1ld plaut!» as well a ilhouctte has berl! found ell' ctive at the AU: Combat Information. chou]. it1 buildiE)g ramibarilY with the material presented. In the s hool's library students have " 'al duplicate files. including rnest rrecerrt and varied shots 01' I"..a,ah ship and plane studied. The e arc ill addition to We ex "!len Ie, lleetion of slides furnishod hr the Navy R.('~ognitjom Depurtrucnt, Students an' urged to run threugh the card Ill ;; on a day if possible, not looking fit indlvlduat photographs for longer that) a second be1

Iure nJaki!lg identification. By this additional process oftepetiticm, wbi¥t has already b 'cu [earned is in less danger of becoming nusty or lost, and Iamiliarity with new material is, facilitated.

Correction
Iff
thaI
ilIlI

11111 m

-s/!.pl.

11,,[8 OJI Royal A ir FOhiflc j'l it~ 1.'5 iss Ut, N" (1(11A uiij,/ifl!1 Nlnl's siaterd "in 1918 all nirtJmlL i11cilldj7lg ill()lf
(lnd plfHll<.c.auying (1l1iIJitl/:

cni riers

shiM.' (II tho l·iml)' uicre m~rJ;ed In Royal A!r Fm'~J where rhe,' .,"main lt1dal'." The ;lfllllll/l-Ull .rhQuU h(HU/ read IJrar fill aircraft 6.\·rqpl those r'1"lllfoll~d 10ere merged ill RAF.

IIECOGNlnON

1P<tH1EAVV SEAS DEMANDS KEEN, CRITICAL

EYE;~ AND A81LHY

TO

IDENTIfY

VESSELS

THROUGH

TUTAL

FORII'! PEIIC£PTION

tmdv nu; oJ
HI '0

llH· ,·(,cr.:ph.

lire

wind

p!'e~-

~E;

~E.E.\"S NO PAtN! ME. l$ M~T c~,...seiouS OF MIS c.ON D'TioN.'

Bailing Out Problems

During L st !1ighl of au F·ll< +. the slick jammed in the full fot\\'(iul position (caw. under ermined}, forcing
the punt ('397 bouts) to bail our. T'he following r<"m31'j,S fro~:n th - pi! t's stat lllf'nt at<- quoted u_" <I reminder that bailin.g our, while not requiriug

'toppled' me eu]. 1 nrusi hI-WI! ~'ne din'ctI" alt , 1('[ miss d til' I,iil "3. Du to the peed which the plano .had when 1 left ir, the "Peed of my b dy must liav been well about' terminal. uf!l()c~l')',IM the pilol' hute of m}' par. chute was rom oll and all the srction seams were pulled Imost .lj>ar1.. I was almost unconscious due W <lU' [In''$~l+re when I left the plane and so pulled the rip cord as soon as I could reach it With II good deal more allilll Ie it would hav been b lIi'!' 10 delav a j'l'W seconds to allow the 'p~ed oC the body to sl w down a: an insurance gains-t ripping vb, chute
<

:nute opens. The (>nly injuries I sustained wer bruises .nd Vmiu' r .ceivcd when the parachute opened." [Note: pamphlet Rryif'w J mnclitu» viation
8""1,58.1

ti,·

1lC~

I.;;!'ening shock to the body when

Pamper Your Engine

After the installation f a nev en!tine in <1.11 FM-l. a pilot, was in. tru ('II 10 take the aircraft up fer-an engine ruh-In flight and to operate at low P_WI\:C1', Shortly after take- 11, the pilot noticed a strong odor ;.-of gasoline, which he ~J'.\t. thought wa cl aning solvent. 'Upon reach_ ing +,500 f et, he 1)1'0. eded to do a IMp. BeCor recovery: was completed, smoke fined the t(:)ck· pit and the pilot obs rv·d flame beneath hi ICt!L.. He immediately l'olled the aircraft OV(.'J' alld dropped out, para huting to the-ground Irem ab ut 1,000 feet, The airplane burst into name., UpO~1 striking the gI'ound ..

T~'ainiJlg

actual practice doe rlll'ril some thinking ahead 1:0 enable you I~ meet the problems you may be lip a ainst: "The cockpit cncl sure jammed about tw -thirds open as J hied 10 g ~ OUI: howey r, I was able t g l out without using the emergency releases, I wall clear of th plan at approximately 5,000 feel. "For Infermaticn CQllcl'rning .my actual' getting Lr' of the ockpi t, which migh( be of value to other

A Starting Tip
Tn 1-1 airplane
d ilivcred
iiCjtiadtoJl.
WM

~Vr J!-

recently

by air

10

an

operating

DUr111f.\' the aeeeptance check prior to flight, a large piece of cylil1Jcl' skirt was found in the engine oil sump. The piect· of cylinder skirt had marks the conne ting I'Od U pen j t, indicating the cenneetlag rod had been bent enough to break th piece off,

or

This. could

have

I een

aused U ov

1"-

pilots, these notauons are added:

ing to !"lImn til hood in the l'cguhumann '; in the f'.\:cit mcnt of Ad unpt. ing immediae . escape and due to the wind pressure from the !l1'e'aL speed ac urnulated in a rtlcal div ,~ockpil IU:lQru will jam, slick .. or appear to jam very cnsilv, us. min did, "2, "Vhen a plaru- is in u vertic I dive, il t~ impossible to 'jump' OUL ill 111' diJ lion which ytlU m y decide rs best. The SjJL't-"<:I of the plane and th" inertia I 111y body forced me bark . gainst the scar so lh<1Jt I w~~ only able r('l force m}'~clf slraighll out. Wh('l\ I had [creed enough 01 rrry
6

"I. ] should have u cd the emergen y releases first, instead of attempt-

prinung" or by starring the llngine ~I'lld \'\"if" ut pulling th propeller through

first.

GrampaUlPdtibone says:

All pilots
mi, siotts "I'

operating
01\1 tioned

OlD

detached

to insure

iha,

A guy that W1)uld pun,ish a new engine Like that wlluld probably beat liP tittle ids in a d~rk alley l Being ruised ill tile . _'old seheo], T'm a hug example of why: Las.: war's PBY's wert P51: with ''Liberb'' <login' . The L-fberty engine was II good engine. but its weak .spol wal'! the Iva!er [acket, When the engine, aa pushed the IV a.t ex jaokel WQ uld leak alan g the welded cam, and when it Jea-"k1!d tlleng'ine would heat til' 111111tOI). I remember s on un trip from ~e\\ ~ort to Guantanamo we were suppcsed to &1:8)' in formation. Th", trouhl· was that the leader haa file best pllln~ _and car ried the least spares, R ~ would set th speed and by tho liillleit t',cic.k1ed blWk to me in 'tIl e tail IIQsHrulI.

engines are started properly; that prop('llel'~ ar ' pulled through by hand berOtt' starting a cold engine.

A
..

. ~ ... _',_::~. un ngine care. Here's

1111

[ had to fly practically ~ide open to keep up, "B-1 would ease bnck 011 the th rottles and iu t coast al ng-anrl nrr! e bout a half-hour after everyhody else had Landed. I gUl hell every night and 8. bunch of "close-up" messages cry dB)', hut it was werth it b~RUI!"6 ruy "fIying mud-turtle" (each plane had its own insignia rhen)w3 the only (me to te3-eh Guantunamu (aCter 4 long- days) without

th is IIcgligenee (possibly due to ignorane }Willl the basi cause of a deerred forced landing which resulted in "strike' damage t the airpJ ne. Fortunately, none I the 1, pel" ns ab ard was seriollsly injured.

requiring an engtne ·hange. r know modern engine, are gt'elJ Iy Improved, but th· y tin have limitation •

Marine Winning
rYl:trin • Base Defense AIr raft Croup 42 has exp rienr,cd a considerable numl er of aircralt a cidcnt» coincident \ Ith the Influx of relativelv green pilets, The GI'OUP'S new!' lett r bei .Icd some of these accidents and expressed the hope that other pilots W011ld bcnefft from the publication (If these f'xperiel').ces. 1. One NJ pilot made a "wh eelsup" landing, resulting ill th loss of the plaa . f01 at least 2 weeks. Cttlming in for a landing the pll@t low red the v, heels and theu proceeded to retrnrt thcrn instead of lowering the Haps. In thi case "'Dilhel'" had groprod blindly for the corttrols which .1 rc clearly marked and ncrl easily confused. To Iorestall future, similar accidents, 30.de.gree-llap rule !Ol' landiogsLa ... been adopted which will necessitat ob ervation of the flap indicators aut! pr eludes the pos ib.ility of using th wrona a Lual.ing me hanism, 2. "DUb .rt" o, 2 st . d an SNJ on its nose .lS a r sul l of d 'ciding to join a gr up Qr 'tBF', in shooting t:alTier landings, The pilet, assuming that rhe TBP in front 0f him wa sheeting' another landing. was suddenly aware that this was his final lauding and was confronted ,iththe all- native of hewin up LlJ BF' tail or standing the] rl its; l105C, He cbo e the latter

Each indlvldnal engiIul ha its weak link; th lhin thut lets go first whe-n it is overstressed. En gill don't always fail the minute they are mi treated (this is il'hat makes pilots careless), bu I; they db tore it Illp. 1'~~i1\1n13 progressive !UtI! ..... (latch you ume day wben you lenst ill expect it, and enn least arrnrd it, 'l'hal's why I explode w1100 J run into II n eng in bully; a pilot wlth a weak mind and a

whcr it overturned, 4, Another fatal a 'cidelrl occurred when a harp left tum was attempted wirh insuflicien] air sp~i:'!'l. Apparcntly, while in th turn, lilt" pilet klcked top rudder, ct~using the plane to go intu, :.tn 11 and spill iuto the ocean. 5. Another squadron surrl'red lts first casualty when a pilot tlhorcgardoo instructions to maintain contact flight rules and decided .instcad to fly through all opening in tit, 0 J' ·<ls.t. After Hying 011 top for a while. he \-V unable to find an opening 10 lct d WI) and, ,S <l result, wti' f( If'.ca to Ilv d iwn ~brough till' ovz-rea u, UU[OIt1Jn;1 dy, II crasul,,,i;nl(1 I hl' mountains,

!>trong a r ru who
~mllSf~ntJy
.t

wid e 0) p e 0.." Somebody has to PIIY the vellahy for slIch abu e and, ullfQftlUlate{y, it j oft II vou lind 1. wit 3Iw1\:, treat our e.ngillc .. ~th 'on 'deratiolil. Engine restri(1i,ons aren't d~jgned to handicap tile pilot; they ar put 01\ an engine becaus e elaborate l ts have demon Hated til t tho 4l are tbe limit of saf eperution, H )'OURl'C smart, ~ou will accl:pl the e limitflotions. 1 know wllr r ctuiremcnts sometimes d mand op rations far in ese ss u[pre. scrlbed lilllHs-amd the tml!,..ine have many times taken lite beating and come home in ne piece. 4 olwitllStanllin this, everything 1 111w(' aid till gol.'s. Don't make ueh exees your tandard Pour (tun wIten yon have to (or safety, but get back lnte safe u p ~ I' a tin g

run

,I

THIS IS WHAT OFTEN HAPPIO:NS WHEN SIMULATEO EI'iIEflG£NCV LANDINGS ARE CI\RRIED BE.kOW PR£St:RIBED 4LTITUDE,

Auident Reports
A 'Qun of Inquiry, Board of Invcsti '-atiOIl, or an Adrnlnistrative Report must be submitted on each fatal accident, Where there i. no doubt as to the facts of an occurrence and no reason wb)' vom testimony should be obtain d, an administrative report is satisfa tory. It is not necessary to submit a separate mport for ach individual involved in an aceident ; for example, in a ccllision, only nne board or im'cstigtitioll:l or administrative report, covering all personnel and air~ [ll.U1C.~ involved, should be submitted. not forget th opinion con erning "line of dury" and "mis md ct" status for all Injured or deceased p rsonncl, Con 'olintr , Lltnont.ies should inslJl' that this opinion j, included in ("I' nrding endO!-se:meIlts where opininns are nc ~ required by prec pts, [. ec Cts, & Bds •• Chaps. IX and X, and SuA r Cit'culM Letter 11--42,,] Tnt' above reports do not take the place of Aircraft Tr uble R ports, In making dispatch 1 ports of accidents, some units, suhmjt a separar dispatch on each persou involved. If the necessary data are available, it is desirable that ~uch information be consolida.ted in 011 • dispatch

.i,,~\'~,,;;,,~

range the

!lIe i m. In e diu t emergency i ever.

Thel1c'· no 1\' d

moment

and

ut

aucther plane

out

of

m-

making your jtlb an~' In .he dOllggrou than it naturally is. ¥Ull are ILn.... 'ing It lot oI horses, hut you got to know how to trent 'ern to get the most out of U. 'm. Rememb r, yuu expect that (,llgin to take you O\' r a 1(.1tof water IUId rough tcrrail1. O. K.I TAKE - RE OF ur.
[SD~ T.
knQW

fir

IIDssi 11. 3. A fatal accident occurred wh n a rake-off in aIJBD was attempted with the prop 111".1' high pitch, The airin plane never became uir-horuc; iL ran off the TW\Way and into a swamp.

no

.1."

O. N". Is-ll 9n ~ull~jn Pf(\¢i1ullfin& nnd re~_rftrrv"•• ,r ~Qnr "".lieuln. ""~',l

Overhaul Trouble
engine installatrou in all tag was snipped off nd its iltt.achiug wir left i:q the magneto. One hundred am! sixteen engine houtS later this caused the magneto to shcrt out, several plugs to foul, and the f·tlgjll~ to CUt out. hus, Dur1l1g

ruD-I, an 1n pelion

He
Didn't Wear His Life Jacket,

JAP S I S U DER AlACK

Army~Navy Cooperation Close in Making Photographic Record Guiding A.ttacks on lap Ships
!l-:\~' a('~ial rcconna i8c~<U1Ct' rapid ly IS hcirra pushed LO the Ior« it, a vital tactical weapon is indicated hy these photographs 1\[ Jap shipping in Tonol .. i 11<1.1'1)0" uth Bougainvillc Island, ,';lV;Y cameramen weft' flown to Lite ser-uc by tU'_tIIY <L\liatr~l' pilotiug :B.-J 1'&. Wl!.hin 30 minutes of J'cr:l,ivillg photogJ'uph_s, Navy's first-phase phot ) interpreters h<Jd their rcp01'l~ Oil number, tyP(! and sise of Jap 1l.<;s()I, in the hAnd), ('If iruelligenee and operation comrnauders. A slJrikt' sent out as 11" sequel ~0 this report resulted in the ]0:<$ of c()J1sicicrob){> Jill hipping. 8

ENLARGUIE!IIT

07 ·Pl1o'ra (BOTTOM

OF OPPQSITE

PAGE) INDICA'F£S

ACCURA'CY OFAIM

ON TARGET

Blimp Warns of land Fire Nazi Prisoner Sense Reveals lxpectedLoss by Capture
Message Dropped in Dixie Cup
SQl-ADRON 1,ANTIC,-To

Outlines Secret I,nformation, Threatens loter Penomes for Violations

RlfH P the German High Command, in its halcyon days- of emlqu ~t, n \7 I anticipated any wholesale surrender of its warriors, Rut that substantial loss b}· capture'. was exp ted is bvious from security in~lrHCtcinm carefully given j ts tT'OOpS. German .sold1ers are instructed iniplichy, when pri n 'r~ tt, reveal nothing except their name, rank. and s rial nunihee, as pointed out by ,S. Army's lilt lIigence Bulletin, Th also are cautioned that any other information may (and must) be .refus -d. ElaboI'ating on these basic points Nazi captive doctrine includes the fol1owing ord 1'$:
I. If you believe ou are iI) danger uf bdn8' captured, de.;t:ro)' all pupers that you 1Ia e on your p I' 'on, Allov.- all, tear out pBg" '~of )'Olir Soldb .. dt (pa)' book), which rnenricns yOUY unit, are ruptured, be stricti mlllat 1.1", same t.ime. polite. Don't be: Inllui... cd by f riendli ness on the: part of .)l 1h~enemy, or by um;au. :1. N ,Ir.;r speak (1,,' enemy's language.
YQU

11, FLEET AmsEfTP

till:

A!r-

many job of the .t~)1'l> liglucr-th..-tn-air craft add one Inore : Firefighter. Th chief or the fire department at Hingham, Mass., reronrl nt a very appreciative letrer foHnwing- the discover)' .of a forest fire by on l f this squadron's blimps, Whell tit pilot and r-o-pilor observed the fire, the}' placed a lIJ5>ag~ in a dixie up. us d an apple fIJI· last, and dropped it on the lawno{ a nearbv farm hous > from whihlh m sage was forward d t: tire headquarters. The fire was in a very ina cessihJe 10t.'\1 ion, and pn bably wou ld not have been discov fed 'before th 11f'XI moming.
,j.

which WI'I'e trt84grd 3.l til }'Our s, and tbeir dkctivcs, wilt .. theater (If ~pqalionJl,

Salrl!' time

as

4'.. Wl1COII, and b r what mr-ans, on YOllfwui', leave, • Wuut

whether expected regarding 'uit(--d

QU arrived WhBt you saw

lIoci when lOU h",d -your lit t

WClJpOJl5

011

if and when new or repaired ttl-nils mil)' be

IQ arav

~h.~ GrrnW.TI rmy has, have- seen any n ...,,' ones, Rod
.

G. The morale: of Gi>rmdJl troeps ; details

1;U1Jplir.s and mat6riel, ations bombing.

7. Tilt' morale at !lofne; the clTen of

Navy ,Builds ,Air Docks

Wooden Structures Roomy Enough lor J 0 Grid Gomes

_, II

t;u'Y and,

4. i\lway~ remember

thaC the UJo~t trivial

Illings, to which you attach 110.importance, can often give valuable. information to the
enomy,

The Oermans caution their troops not [0 believe that better treatment will be given them if th - consent to talk. It hi stressed th t even after a soldier bas been interrogated, he must be careful when talking to other comrades in 111C camp, becaus jf lIte possil iliry that a listening apparatus TrIH>' have been installed. Tr ops are warned that strangers ill erman unif rms may Lry to win their' confidence, and that thes strangers will c.ertainly b spies, pe-akiflg QV(:![' the radio, making phonograph r rccrdings, and writing of w r e rperiences ar strictly forbidden Of special significance is the. German Arm' s threat of Iutur punishment if th >~e orders are not fully obey d: Every pri one! remains a erman sold1ff. You must realize that after youI' return ou w.ill, if necessary be called 'Upon to anSWC.l· for your behavior during: your time of captivity.

J.. No interest in technical questions is to be Iwwn. not 1:11('11 when ~hr q"cs1ionf'C'tri~ to provoke "11 argument. by beliuling Gel'mao weapons.
(.0

G, Do,u'\ lry
I'REFABIUf;ATED tlOMES SHELT-EiRNIIVY oIIf.IMI'S

d ..ceive by raIse

answers,
0.11

K w airship docks being: bttilt by the N,n'>' t house ant.l.\Ib patrol blimps on both Aclanti and Pacific coasts will be the Iarges; clear-span buildings in the world, l'hcy are made of wood because of the steel shortage. Hirth as a 17-story building, with dimensions f mor than 1,000 Ieet J .ng, and nearly 300 feel wide at ih base, tho y re big enough to acconrrnodate JO Iontball a Ids. Beams for the structure are prefabricated t lumber plants in the Pacil'ic. Northwest and assembled at the blimp hasl's, 10

1. Don't 1(:1 )101JtBclf be fooled by sumr-d k.nO\"l!~ds(', on the questioner's of ttll!. subje .. under dilcu sion, t

aspart,

a Bon't- discuss military matters or del.nils of operations with_y,01Jr f llow pri£;'onl!fs.

In 'ortll Af:rica the Jerman Anny regard d the r llewing informati n as c~pecial!y valuable I the Uni_red Na-tion and warned its troop' lbat they mill!'! take very precaution t keep it sccret :
1. Thl' unit 10 which you l)~tollg, MId' its,

The

avy's bookletPrlsoner ense,

prepared for naval aviation training. offers an inte.resting comparison of rules for apture conduct,

toct,rion.
2. TJ1t clfectivt's of your unit, lo~srs. and

it;

3. Tho other units ,\rt.idl bdong to your r 'l{if'llt"nI or your division, The O'tIH".r units

HATS Rushes Cruiser Gear

Repair Part Flown
new

51300

Miles

aval }ur "fran pOTl Service- won peed laurels recently by transp(lI'li)1g. 6,OUO-pound reduction pini 11\ gt':lI' from Philadelphia tn Recife. BTII~il, in 34¥2 bout'S ,flying time, The part was needed to repa.ir a light cruiser disabl d at Recife. The 5,,:292-mile flight took I ss than S days totlll '!ttpsed tim '. Three 3-nteln crews w r- l' 'quif d to handle the D u 1 s R4D tran port on th trip. o be~I\')' was tile load that the plane NlUJd carry oniv half of its normol gasolilll: load, he gear MIS lowed on one sid uf the fu 'elage and tanks on the opposite side r the pi ne filled tu offs' the weight, In keep the g at Irom 5.hifti~ Rt'<'nnld and throwing th plane ill of 'outeol i~ wa seourelv lashed and a llighL orderly assigned \0 ket'p "iI fulltime ateb over i1. Ti!1t~ ;;iOp' WI.'I'~ made [0 refuel. At two (,f rhcrn til'" crews wer tak"!l ;tboard.

lOry on an improved rain repellent material. Laboratory aud Ai-ght tests indicate that the new rain repcll ut L easier to apply and is lighlly sup ri r to the material manulactur d by lht: Lorr Laboratorl , Til new t,ain I' '. pell ut, it. is believed will be ready for distribution when suppli of th pn'~, enl material havn been exhausted, If quantities of the new rain repcHt.·nt are desired in the neat future, iL is suggest d that a dispatch indinn-iug quan~ily needed be sen] t fiuA!'I.

VII-Emergency

Drills

jjvvt ~tI$(NlI'8 on p. $2,

Pick tli 7Je&t· lwice eo comt)ltJIe c the stOlp/III nts belO1/\ Men cAeclt
I. Ou.11'I9 ah".,don ship drill t"e "meers wha ore 10 rake lmmedlole charge ofembcl1kalt<>l1, one 0" each ~ldll of I"" .hlp, ore rb_

e
o o

!'I'I,ojgl1ung offic r

officer

and

g-UfiilCTY

New Waterproof Envelopes

Will Pro ted Papers Enclosed

sa

b engineer officer and navi!ltH;nfl (lffiCIl1' officer o II IJlU!"ry oJliee-r and n • I!Xt·,·utivr- ~ffit:er Qffie!er
j;

firSt lieutennnt arul engineer first Ji utenant

and gunnery

2.. '1'011 ere on boa.dll, COffill" and h~ar the follpwlng tans: 9"",eral erlar-m,. Clbandol' ~Mp on bugle, dOllble Irm~ on buglo, and llie bo.,-tsw.. in's p'ip~ "all hand'. ..bandon s(,lp." T"ls ~lgn-ifl"s rhol-

CONTAINER

IS D~S'GNI;IJ

!'DR WIQt;.SPflEAD USE

Tender Named "Whiting"

Officer Posfhumously

Honored

A seaplane tender now building at the eattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Co, will bear the name U. S. S, Kt!n'TItf'" l,rVhitirlg in bonor of the late Capt. Kenneth WlUting, USN (retir d" who <lied April 24, 1943, aler a distincu-i hed career in tb~ fields of aviation and submarine operations. Thi i: the second po lliUUlOU,S honor to be conferred on Captain Whiting. At) auxiliary all' station at Milton. FI~, w rccendy designated Whiting Field,

W-atcrpronr envelopes of a new pe 'Which completelv 1'1'Otc l uelosed pal CJ' even Lhou_gh the}' i1 C submetgedtotaUv in water, have b :en p rfe ted and will be used to contain ship[.ling d( uments on all consignments f raarerial to overseaa .s bases, Herr-toLo-rc waterproof envelopes- hay been wed but to a greaJly restricted x;teni.

Il1l1Y have to be left without. even time ~olower beats o ~ provisions :1I,d gear will be lallc11 off in boats ., c -the signal officer takl:S rockets, Ver)"~ pistol, and sigpnl-$:lrs C! tt the first crew man be provided ·,,,Hh medicul boat box and ftHlf buckct-J for bailing C'J e rhe 3Sl1i6tar'llnavigator takes chart ..nd naviSilUQn seaT
3. The obllndon lhipbilllhall

o ~ 5hip

to,._.
(J

"0' provide

Snake Bite No Worry

Tropical war areas have poisonous snakes and vm 's but a penon's hances <if being injured byth rn is no greater than in some pants of United States, according t 01". E. D- Merrill, hOIanisi, quoted in a Bu'Med 11 ws letter, .. enerneu sea snakes are unable to bile a human being because thcir mouth parts are shaped for t"ating' small fish," he said. "The chances or snake bites aTC p.mba"bly less in Melanesia than on the Palisades along the Hudson River. "Vines with stinging hairs and 1JCl'dtelik whiskers are 1 othersornc, but not dan ereus ; the-' are f und onl in primary Iorcsts, "Th are S veral speci '<' of plants Ul"t produ e an irri tant juice similar in it action on the kin to WU1' poison ivy. Til' banees of contact poisoning arc los in the Uld Vv'urld Tropics than in New York S:ate,"

having hunds provide and put on lUll jacllc.ts Cl b getting boats and rafts aut iIJ'Id em.. harms as quickly as ptl~ible o t: getting 0\11:, manning, provisioning, n,nd equipping ooaU- and raf1J< o d making two or more trips- with [he
;:] il 0

an

part>' to prepare auxiliary light. ing- arrangements

olll,.e. and me", c::tl:>oard ~hlp
atOC.CI;IPY hIs botile ,1(lIlon

biJRU

Rain Repellent Available

fot Vision in Rainy Weafher
Rain repellent material now manu .. Iacturcd bv Lou Laboratories to maintain cleat· ision through air raft windshields dl1ril'lg ilight in rain, is availabl' at all air stations and major supply dl'lJots, Laboratory and EUglil tt'~ts have d{>]'l]onstJ"atcd that the repellent. when }ll'operJy -applied. great! improves visibility Chl1'1110' ill_ght in rain, S rvice activities haying Iacilltics r r applying rain repel] ut at the re!Ju~red t tUlD rature of 650 or higher may find jlt u eful during adverse weather c nditions, Considerable r 'search has been Con. ducred bv Ibe N aval Research Labora-

4. evury
mllil

It

oc od oe

[J b

emergency drills abandon shipdrill the general alarm eollisieu dl'ill gim r:ia I qu"U'l~rs

an

5-, The gone.al alarm ~ollnded by gongl '_nd 'ollowed by one 10"9 blas1 01 tke ~ir"n indicg,_

ob o

o o

o
n

plane ceasb l1nd 5a1v,I15e abandeu :ii1rip C collision d cleae ship for action i! a fire dl.lrln II: gel1e.j:n'l quarters
Q

6. Arst requiTemenl fQ. ,""C:tj)sdcJ! 11.11115-

Db
o

a knowledge of duty
speed developing precision
ett''''

d c silence
[J t1

an mtelligl'1'lt

11

Giant Stratosphere Planes,

True
:.l1laIO$t'ht::ll!_>

planes

that

\'. ill

dimb al a rate oJ 4 miles pe.[ minute cut of sight ocean .an~I [and are visualised as de:tirutc pm:t-war possibilities by \'l,IahlCllla'r Kaernpfferi,

ur

Science Editor

of The

New York

Times. in a booklet issued by the PubIi.: Alfaii-s Commlttee. Inc, "We certainly have t"yt::ry reason to

c.""pect that planes f,rr 150 passcngti's ;lJ1pl,nv ~OOIi after the: war," 1\1r. KnL'rnpJf,ul s~~ts. Althougb Ill! belic.v<..-..s Ihe!'f' io a IUlri~[0 the size an airplane, he ~ny~ that it would be I:ash to clisjnl~s 2.~) t c !i50-ton lev i (Jathans as iI1tpossiblc. "A dozen f'I r t h else ('0\11 cl carry as many passengers. on the North :At~
will

or

Iantic

run

to Gl'I:mt Britain

carried first-class by nll steamers

as were in aTI

<!VCl'"gc ycar between L9p,:fJ and 193ft Two such planes frying every du}- in eaoh direction could carty 200jOOO rCT~Ol1li a year. The Q1UCI,! Mlwp ':w c~rrl')' only 90,1)00 ill ·~8 PQ~sihle annual voyages,. vl'i_thoUL a11c\,ving for tlH~ lim~ that should lJe spe-nt in drydoek, Frcgllcllcy of ~ehcdulc: rather than a range .of 1n.l'JOO miles or rriore h the ke.v lQ future operarions of cernml~J'{'ia! pl.n !W;,.' ,

How AVI,ATION

TRAINING

,LITERATURE Is Being Distributed

NAS, !I,leAS

to
,\Nfl

NAVY and MARINE

_ C~ I/'i

CORPS

rn OJ'dt,t In eiTcl:-t a hClttfT rli ·trilmLiou of Sense Pssnplrletsand other Trailling' Liter<tlllfc publications, the fol· lowing plan has been established, OPBR.<\TING SQV.\OR.ON-S will recefve copies from 111ror-

1H(\ill'd ,ingl{" irlfol"lllll:!ion tlipies

matiou Centers

ilu-oug,b eSl~blj~llrd

ir

[nJOnnanol1

chan-

nels. Al'lmlgements M\,C been made. wifh the Air rl~f('),rmation Divisicn for shipment of (llKlntities of ptll;LlphleL" and puhlic1ltioHl'i ru central Air J f1f[ltlllqLinn Offices listed below. These Oc-n.tcrs witl disltihme ('op.iCilsto all squadmn.~in rheir areas, A lJmited tluantity of all publication" will be m~r1tained at the Centeo f01" j1'lJonmltion :tnd use by new squadrons -in the area whirh Hlar not have been included _in oJliginal dissribution, OPERA'frn'" COMMANDS will be Imailed infrwlUalioll t":Qpitts. Singl(li~n fOt1tio'l:tioll coplcs of pcrtinrll t Hterature will be sent direct to Air Force, Fh-et Air. Air Group, Marine AiTCI'3.fl Wjng, Fleet Ail' Wing. Commanders, CA ' 's and HEbRON'S La insure to. !act thaL;'tJ] cognizaru officer~ may be 1111oroH~'d asto publication ami disttibution, should they 'wish to advise their AIr Infonml.tion Offices to make any spocialallecarien of quan ti ties, Other ships hom which naval airCl".tit operate will tl"ce-i\>e ('opit's from nearest Naval Ail' C('l]l1hat Information Office, CV. C"'L~eVE will be shipped pamphlets and publica.tions direct Ihrough Aj r 1 ruormatioll Division cha unels,

tional (.'.op.iC'i. TC'CJuil'ed trlblltibn ill the area. NAS, MCAS ANti CGAS NOT IN Ant, CetnER O.R Am bll"ci~l\i ...'r10N ATUiA wiJl he shipped paruplilets and puhlicanons dlreet, lind in quantifies as requested. NAVAL AnUH-fI1' TR.AINING - OMlloMND \\~II be sent infOifumti~m copies and qual1thy di~rlhtll.)on will !)(' made to

l\m Pf..NTEIl MEAS will be and maysecure liltl): addi. through .'!ir Genter handling dis-

lJ'aini~

activ Hies :'Is alloca tep- by N AIe.

LTA QpT;..RA1'lNG Nl'rs. AND Nt\$ '\lI'iUbe sent informalion copies and shipped quantities on allocation by Admin. istrative Comll rauds or 01) request,

o PIj;RA 'riNG

P'R~JF.OUt-~NER""

UNJ1'S,

M.rSCHW--J'.N'EOUl'> TRA,.lN1NG ANI!

1) N ITS, IN AS. E:rc. wil] be sent inIormatioJl

copies of peetieent literature, and quantifies I'm request, or aUI~catiotl hy (j,~ni:m_nl Bureau auillOl:it),.

CENTRAL DISTIUBUnON

POINTS ,F'OR S·QUADRONS

Cl)Ulluands

Officer in Charge of Naval Air Combat Information Attarl~{1d LO the "FonOW:lllg

l\tJt F'oacll J\TI..ANnC FLJl.BT
FQ1.rll,'!'H FloE!!'!'

Ft.,,·,"
.NhS
Fl.EE'"

C/llUll,tl!l.J; N SF.1l FII,Q;>Il'\tEJ1

m Wmo 16
AIR WEST

MQII-Of_rCA~ SEA Fl<.OJ)l1"Ll'll'

FQ(((JES

COGO SOLO

N .... l:. .AlR OP)ERi\'I'IO;»'AL Ta-atNING GO_r"tMANl'l squadv... rons will receive p~!Jjphlets: and -publications [ernUl NAOJ'Cl
Air Information Qenter at Jacksouvilh:-. Marine Opera! lonal Bureau to faci Iitate deli very, I nlorm a tf{ll'l copies wlD be~ent to. the c~lillmand-s and ~tarr office.\"s having cognizance!')! the subject material, NAVAL Am I 1>1 'rF.P:IIIP.D IArr, Tr-lAJ/'oI1NG COMMAND shipments of pamph lets and publicatiens will be made to Naval AIr Training Clentl'TS at Pensacola and Corpus Cliris.ti fm' dhuihuuolJ: to. activities in llrcse centers. Information t'tlvies LO ~oill1uand and sta II officers. NAVAL Am PRf_MARl' TRAINING COMMAND, units will lw 'sllippcd quantities uf pamphicts and puhlicutions dire~t. as a llaeated b}' NA PTe, (If nn. individual reljUeo;( lhl'ough "e.g· ular channels.
NAVAL Am T.r;,cn",n:,>.L T~A1N!N"G
COM_~IANn

Am FO!~r.R R"c.wlO Fr.!;,"", FU:JiT Au. SQIJ'I'l'! "P)<Cl"JO

FLEEJ

(nl.'iO ~"'J-rr.l·
WEST

Ipl'" M" RF ~7"-

GOAll'l'

Aut SEA'I'T1.F.
FORCIlo

FUEll"

JuTt Al.~ ".I__ FYI"

PA!I:.1FlQ FORCE

Co,,-"'!')

.sOUll;E,l P'\I.1(PIC

r3~d)

NOR:TH

NIov" ... Am.

OPB~ATlON/lL

SQIJTHWB!<'l! ]'Ml!li-I(l "F0ilt::!

(:!OMJ>lAl'.in

(ith)
....

TlIlR1' MAlliN" A[J'l~'E!.,~FTWiN

NAS

Cr.JNTON

Special distribution

to-C-&N1'Ei<S PI~'N;;ACO,LA CORPUS CEUtlSTl

N,:. V/u.
N.\VAL

UAlI';"lNO

AIR TEVolN'IJ'fG CB.N'I"€l\ illR T!Lo\lNING

C1!NT1;!a:

N \VAl.
NAVAL

Am

TEGFJNlCi\L

TR,i\_l"v.tNG

Cl::N:nms

units

will

be shipped quantities 'allocated by NATTG.

of pamphlets

and

puh!lcaliQ':1s

as

~orr£.-TJM I'Ibave c,>tllra:l Distribl.ti(Jp Points are .pri"''Ilr-lly if.!' SQU.4D'RQ(VS as oull£ned. QUa.nlitie-.f wi!! rJm1 de. phld'nli/ 011 pl1-!;.jir,artoll frf!>7/1 two ~(JPi<'~ per- ;11J1'lIdr~TI !J--/l. O,/!ar It£tivifie,l wW 1; r uTiiiai1 "'.III~I~d{lblJlIfI. .Ad-di,1!i()lw1(Joflres m~ be seoured 'IMI1 OenH,,1 Jjj,lril'ldit>1l P"!flbJ M' 1>" addressing. t~qr/t~l$ 1<1; Dcp.!ay GMIl! "/ Naval Opl;fD-liQn£ r.A II i.
.~tiJjci/lg

1("~'(' TAtJ~S
TQml) is CO'JdllCfing mt extensiue c(I:mp(lign I('il{' ul! jlr"tlflJ!.lilt'rl.l 11I«dia til {JrQSillJIIt! for rh /almtlfse jdM/oll}' mllli'tig IJtt,.pillr) ctJlmtril':S. 1 hi, C{llUlllfl is g('ianen [rom 'r{dtQ bHnl(II:II5!~ pir.ksll by 'IIq'lilou in lJflri/nu /Iarls: of tAl!. fllorCd "lid made 'twni!abll' IWW 10 KAv.".. ""'I ..... {O:>< NII\\'~.

Air Plotting Problem

Mld·Long< 119'-00' W

,./!

-1'0 • • nnd Latin !ned ['I: • "Today Japan and the ccuntries of the CQ·pr0~'P,·rlt~ s-r,]u'ra are M longer in need of gasoline, 'I'm though thcir 'lrilolping lanes be nlll':l;s£od tw the enemy, For il l:S a fuel lbnt gasoline j]. now being lll.,urd in barrels mad of teakwood and throw)") into the- sea. 1 hcse will be ll11l'ri"d bv the Black Curren I [Japan ~{' Current lid.] to be washed ashore all the japllne~1t i~hlld . "N (I rna ltc-I iI th ese b arrel s al't! loaded On ships \hilt 'have be '11 torpedoed and stuik, tbe barrels would keep afloat, 'rhus, !o long as ihe Slack Ctlr;TlltH main. tains it.\" 1.151.1111 Cllllr.~!: "'~ it hI\!> dllwe Io r lhousands of years, J1lpall will ntller mfl'l!l' a i ItQrtag'c: of gaseline.'

A,

Your VO section 1-Slaunched Irorn the USS Tr:mll'J :'1,[ U_6~UlJwith to track yOU% .,~('don lead r en < sCQuting mi~~;IJJ7l l n60(1 the SS iowa wa~ in latitude 16"~1·0rS, longitude 17H'-J;,")' W. on course Q15, speed 28 knots, Mean ~'ariatilJl:t 1t) E. Y u are airborne at pressu» altitude ,000 teet at 0615 and take a wind star with the following rcsul [S; (VlJ!.H.$Il"l:li thermometer reads (+) 5'03 C.);
orders

MH 2UO CAS 106 k MII iss CA lOG k MH 067 CA' 106 k

l. Wh.at Is tho wind? from

Drift Dl'ut

Drift 1:1

6L

:) L

Foru'

Y eu depart from over ~li S S ~

at

IOWIl

Southern Europe •' ih« !II1WS "spread' III /(ip"ti.ll tba; American ullw"rJil), students 1.Il11'f(! Illking flyin.g C01.1rS~!i, J{j1J471~SO- Jfudml;'& imttu.dia.ldy "demanded" tile JfllIIe pdt/iItJg~. "1tis a vcry: sure [act whir;Jit ",bl;olu tel y l'1Obnd' can ikn), lhat the fat.e of these last bartles h decided by lhe ;,tir Iorees which occupy a pliWe Qr fundamental importance ill an}' wnr netlo n." With.4 mtri'lidil Sh~· dents (lgMing I'll OM JM(lJ. "tens of ihousands' "f t,eql~MI,. writt<l't~ if! &tQfld pO~jre'd i1lt(> lIu' «,nlY (wd uavy. 1"r«ifl-i1ig lot /ly&rs is Jj;eClJUJ up so 1!JIIY ~al~ go i,lllll lilt

~~

til-

-To

030, and track your SQ tim 11'adeT on a mai{I1etk heading oI 280" calibrated airspeed ]06 k,

WIlM

2. Wh.. i 1,. your

on:q

ne wrnd lalrl po_lIio ...'

lat.

Long. 3. WltO! is you. 07:30 ciead r,,~konlng. po~ilio"?

I.",t, _~_

...."g.
You maintain beading and air:jpeed until 08 beading rnaintainlng II Iutudc and. airlr]Jt'l'cl. At 0800 your !llagne.tic heading is 023. At 08£!6 your magncti heading i 094. At 0848 your magnetic heading is 352.
4, Whal il ya", 0936l1O wind !DI,} pa.•iUon?

At OSOO you dlangc

dit uiithi«

hut

(J

few montlis,

-To Japan "Our ili... (orce i anliuipaling t:lH' destruction III the tlmruy atr .~Ll'ength onthe China continent. Our forces a¢ Ilchiclling great results in attacks Oil enemy bases, and in 111-c [ntercepticn of enemy planes which (Ire pe,-p~tt:ntly corning out ,to a uac k."

tp

La•• Long.

At 0936 you obtain a fix over Sherman longitl,ldtt 179°-02' W.

S. Who! ha~b,,~" the avetage wind?

Atoll, latitude

13"-04'
from __ ~a",e

S,
__ _

A
1ji

-I'p . Ql'tll Amo:rica "1\ special wood and ~t~¢l hip bas sueces fully complc ted Its- malden voyage with full Q.rgO t:mm Osaka In Shibaura. It· a 3OD-ton 1!ltip of tile Tatsmru 00 tal Sk.atmhip Ce., buil], by thr: Osaka Wood & Steel hipbu:lI~ing o. A third of rbe materials used inthe shiIJ were steel, :1, half were weed,"

and eh ck the wind at tWit altiiude and You depart Sherman t(ill] at 0945 to inter 'cpt the USS Iowa, Calihrated air.tqJel:o 114 k, air temperature (,_ ) 30 C. You climb to +.000
ECCl

find it to be from 3'1-'51',OTcG.C3(} k. f

6. Wh .. , I. the m<lg"~ti< "eodin_g? 1. Wit.., Is Ihe "."maled Tim.. 01 Intercept;on?

Iii -To Mc;xico

Till! faust Chi!l"ima mill ~1ItJf!d in "d isastrous rail~1 reo Inasrrruch 11'1 since tiltfirst raid last YC'1T, Oil I ;'U111a;L~ra~lde(e1lsf!4 have been consolldnted and arc now pe:rll'Cl, if- the YllnKcL'S a-gain try such 1111 ad yen tu re they ""ill ne I f~if I" WJJ,Hipi y

'li

A t 102'7 your

Sf'

tion leader is lor red d wnbec: use

frQITI'he USS Iowa? Ohio"", BearIng

or

rrrgine failure.
._ _ mUM-

8'. WilD' i. Iii, bv"ring .. nd di,lome

(An.-WeD

on

pOlje

29)

well' dim ters,"

13

Marine Air Arm, Tho.lIIgh Relatively

Small, Is a Versatile

Organization

Specializing

in Landings,

Support of Surface Forces, and Inland Warfare; Corps' Third Aira8,ft Wing Howls Being Outfitted
aviation units were orto support the F!eet Marine Force" 3 mobile, eagoing force of fighting Marines trained as specialists in landings. Continuous practice bas been necessary to effect the perfeet coordination as demonstrated by !he MaJirleS 01'1 the surface and in the air. Inland warfare calls for an enLirely different type of. training inasmuch as air objectives wll'cr gtt>atl ' {rom those in landing operations. Although the Marine air ann ls a relatively small orgaDlzation when compared with A:ru1y and 'avy -air force, expansion under the present program will bring Itto a lull onethird of the total Marine Carps. In turn, the Marine Corps by law must be cne-fiftl, th strength of the N< vy. Reserve oflice.!"Smake u p the gr atcst portion of MarineCoeps pilots. U rtder the Navy's clI.llancled plane Pl'ogranJ, the Marine~ 113.ve two ircralt wings. A third air raft wing i being Iormed, and a fourth }..,[armc 8.'< se D Iense Wing has gone into operation. Each wing is divided into five ir groujJs r several squadrons each. The corps' tactical fighter squadrons are composed of 113planes 18 pilots, 2 spare planes. and 18 extra 1ilo&. Officers to al 47. men H2. quadrons are divided Irno departments head d by quadran commander/ executive officer flight ~!Iicerj gu.nncry oflic~r. adjutant and g,round defense officer. coremunications offi.• cer, intellig nee officer, ami mess lid rransportation olllee... The adjutant i the Marine C untcrpart of the pell~ onnel offioer ill Navy squadrons. Typical Marine squadron are fighter and scout b mber, The latter type is organized .after uJe plan of the fighter squadron with the ame number of plan and officers although more enlisted men arc rcq1iire_d sin e ach craCt uses a tear seat radio gunner. In the case of scout bombing squadrons, it ha been found neces ary to have as many extra gunners as extra pilots, Twelve planes make up a horizontal bombing squadron, t gether with two pilolls. radioman, bombardier, and two gunners-ODe for the .30 caliba' tail stinger and one for the .5() caljb tura~

MMINE ganized

ret-ill each plane. sually th'r "art! 54 aviators and approximately 358 enlisted IDI,!D. Utilit squadrons ar road up of 12 'planes and 6S pilots. Ea h crew consist of a pilot, c pi! l, crew chi I, radioman, and navigatorj • ell plane being capable of carrying 28 Olen Ineluding cr w. Enlisteci personnel attach I) VMJ squadron totals 335. The newer VMT.B quadrons are omposed of 18 planes and 40 pilots. OS(!rVariOD squadrons have 1-8fighter planes) -p11otogtaphic squadrons 12 (6 photographic tighten and 6 multi·ngined planes), and nigh~fighters 12. The corps use- I w seaplanes and not a great number of large bombers n.d patrol plane. Som J rge transPOl1;s however, ar used by utility squ drons, Craft D sw gen rally used in combat areas are the F·~F. F4U, SBD. TBI", PBY,;A, PB4Y, and R40, New reserve pilot· for the Marine. ir arm ar select d from the crop of naval aviation cadets und rgoing intermediate training ."t Pensacola and C I'jJUS Chri (I. 1 t is t this point in a naval aviation cadet's training that h ,miilYar>ply lor J omrnission in tbtt Marine Corps. p n being commissioned as cond Ii utenant in the Marines, the trainee's pl'O!J'ram continues at a Naval ir Opcrarienal bas wlth npbasls 011 Iormation fl iug, gunnery and combat

maneuvers. The n w flicers are then assigned to a permanent duty station. A limited number of regular officers are seleeted each year for duty as Marine aviators. They have usually had from 2 to 4 years of service with the ground for es of the corps and average 25 years in age. Experience has shown tbatlu10wledge gained threugl; association with the ground forces is tremendously valuable. Enlisted men select d from the corps' ranks eath y ar for flight training enter the program wi th naval aviation adets Tn the pl'i::mary training phase, progressing througb intermedi-

ate to peranonal,
The corps does not conduct lUgnt training schools of its own. except the O1ulLie.qginc SGhool at Cherry point N. C" which offers adv-anced work. Marine fuel'S, upon completion (If thci I' training may express pl' ,r6n.'11CeS for type-or duty desired, although there is no zuarantce th.'lt they will he seIected for the assientacnt requested. Some are assigned to Marjnc Corp> Air tatiens where the)1may both fly and handle adrnini trativ matters i some become iru,ll'l.u:lors a~ Naval Air rations] many others go to one of the Maeine aircraft wings to be employed in. combat operations. Marine aviation js charged with the opeJlation and maintenance of its planes, engines, and equipment. Two I'LEge "er,!taul base', one on each U. S. co r, are supplied with complete shop equipment and trained personnel The IUO t important Marin Corps Air Stations ate located at Cherry Point, N, 0.; Parris Island, S. C.' Quan.tico, Va.; St. Thomas, Virgin

1918

It

1920
1925 1930

GROWTH OF U.S. MARINE

AVIATION

PERSONNEL

1935 •
1940

•
tiiiitiitili**,t

Islands ; Kearney

Mesa, San Diego,

It

JUNE

1~3****t*ll*t*I**i ***III******iii tiltititlittiti

Cali!.; Santa Barbara, Calli.; M jav I Calif.; ~1 Tore, CaJ1f-; EI Centro, Calif.; and Edenton~ N. C. Funds fOI the corps are d(,uivcd £rom appropriations [Qrth avy, and the air raft are pllr(:hase~ b t:lk Bureau I A~na\1tics. Planning units within the Navy Deparrm nt are advised as to the corps' needs by the Di ision of Aviation, the headquarters administrative body 01 the Marine air ann 15

PURINE

CORPS,

.•

CONTINUEDl

THE MARINES
•
RINE Corps aviation started in the day of the Wright brothers, olP:;tly the dream of one man-Alben ,C:Ui1liil1gham-wbo took a balloon ride as a boy in 1903 and thcreaHet made flying his life's goal. By 190 he was ir the Mari~e Gorps and WllS haunthlg Hying fields, Soon he acquired a part interest ill an air. plane whlL'!h never got i'llI' LIto: gruund, Cunnin rharn beg. II a \_,lJ:tljpaign Ior a .Marin flying corp. and by 1912 he was ~t'flt to the a\-'y' aviati In cam pal nnapo I is, [0 addition to being tJw Marines' fij-M :1Viator, he \ . naval pi! t No . .;), CUNNINGHAI'II \ 'hen rbe 'U1il'd [utQ:> \·l\.tC'I''''~c1 thl..' fint World War rb('l'~ were only fiv . Marine pilot -Beznard L. 'uulh, '''''ill-i1im M. Me nVa,1:H. Fran is T. .E lin , R . Ul(' cr and ;L~ntlingh m, In First Catapult Plane From Ship

WERE

IN AVIATION

EARLY

been th.ought Impessfble to loop a seaplane or cure a spic, The first Marine-air ctivity of any siae began in 1917 when the corps' aviators began training in land plane flying a.~ the 'Mineola Army air .:Halion. Cun.nil~Innn. the year before, had beC'f1m.C ihe first Marine or Navy man to fly a land plane when he went to San Diego nil}" nylng school.
Marines Given Five Airplanes
~t· -liM

Marines Patrol China Batlle Areas Marine aviators from Guam were sent to Ohina in 1927 to help brine for ell on lLl:te ground, doing mostly licc6nnais5a.n<;:e~ke ping U. S. force informed of the activities of the oppcsing Ohlnese • rmics so the Am icans could be II guard in ease G<{ attack. They made 3,600 flights on lhis job. Three of th first five Marin avialot'

10

Fly

are still on eh e.a

tive Iists,

Coloael

Cunninghatn added another fun to his record in 19 t6 when h piloted the first plane catapulted from a warship tinder way. Th artempt, in a flyiug boat, was a Jailure wing to r~ult. wotking of the catapult; but the idea tu k. Marine AVl t 1" Bv-.ms was he fitlit roan 10 Jonp a seaplane in H117, and

When th first Marine aeronautic went into flight training at Philadelphia Navy Yard in 1917, it was assigrwd two 'urt:iss pushers with tricvcle landing ,geal·,. two R-6 Curtiss ~f!;Jpbn s, rind an old Farman [or training. During the war, the Marines tried nul several t.yp€S of aireraft-« Thoma sea pJ aries, Curtills £lying boats, Galladet sraplaues and others, fitfst ground cnurses well.': taught at Massachusetts Io.~litu,le of Technology and by Mat' h 1918 lbc cnrp~ received its own night in truetier. at Miami. h Ol'pS had 5 officers and 30 m n in its air arm when the war .start d nd by 1918 it had 282 offi rs l1!1d 2,180 men. Even then the Marines went to sea for thcir ncuve aenial work] the first unit going to Az.oFes for antisubmarlne p~trol1ing and the .rest of the aviation section operating off Miarui and Cape Ma . N. J. Suchactivities WCJ:e not 'xeiling c.mough for the Marirtes so they were given the job of lIyipg with British aud French planes.
Marine Pilots Operate jn War Zones

Smith, wl}Q was No.2, is naval air attache at Guatemala; Colonel Evans, til fourth Mar..in to Hy, js commandillg officer of the Marine barl'ac:ki at Norfolk. Major ,en ra1 Geiger, after C' mrnanding Marine Illers at Guadalcanal, DOw is director of Marin aviarion in "\.ashington, D. C.

Women Marines
the Army a~d.lhl,! -a~y, ,1 IaCorps avianon has Its own Women. Reserve bnanch, whose goal is 9,000 members trained to take over iii large poetion of the jobs necessary t@ keep Marine aircraft £lying. Right now the wI ole MCWR .has 81500 women in uniferm of whom 2jOOOhave been assigned 0 aviation duties. As the corps increases and training schools tum out more special. ists half of the total 5tl'f'ngU1. of (h~ 'orps ...roiObe in ay'atiol'\ work. Some 800 women arc 1I0W going to specialists' schools learning the trades whi 11 will help them relieve a marine Ier front-line du.ty. Control-tower op-

T~
L

JIlDC

erators are being trained at Atlanta,

aviation macn.misll! mates at NOl:mDJ1, a erogl'apher;;. at Lakehurst, radio op_ erators at Miami niversity, parachute riggers and repairwemen at Lakehurst, and link-trainer it'lstructor~ at Atlanta. Other jobs which Marine women a.r~ filling include aviation storekeepers" IlUpply clerks, cryptographers. telephon' and relet pe operators, carpen-

£Ail .. YTRIAl.S

ESTA(lUstlED

CAT!lPUI. T M£1'HOOS.

brought his plane Out of a spin which he had caused intenti nally by whipstalling his craft. Up to th it had 18

~heir patrol work the Marines lJ},ing Curtiss R--6 and Navy -8 !;e~l lanes and over th wesiem front Ihcv used. ai, t1 Del.lavila nd DH-4's. Like all other war operations, Marine aviation teok a drop after the: war, but did not die out entirely. Dive-bombing was an unheard-of technique until the Marines perfected it. duriug their operations ag.ainst NicaI'agllal' bandits in 1927. Their fliers .had been playing with the idea since as early ru 1919 in Haiti, and some 'fliers believe those experimental dive in Haiti wer the lJq,mmmg of modern ,Iive-born bing.
fJJ W '1'1.:

ters) c1ect:ciclans, draftswonaen, metal-

smiths, painters, clearance-center clerk:;, phetographcrs, motion-pictureprojector operators, stewardesses, beauticians, GunAirStructors, truck and a-utomobile drivers, geperal clerical WOI'k, 'ookc;, bakers, and mess attendants,

ALL MARINE

CORPS

AVIATORS

HAVE HAD FLIGHT

TRAINING

AT NAVAL AIR STATIONS;

SOME

PILOT

PBYS·A'S

ON RESCUE

PATROL

AIR SIC
ACTION 01 A SEJv!ICI~tULAI! (ANAl-

ESS

,/

\;;/

DIAGRAM

OF EAR

PRINCIPAL
CAUSES OF AIRSICKN':SS

The inner car) 1'r.ac~i.llgtO \'1'1)' long move• merrts, or to long and violent moticn, cau es airsickne s. folcll.l: JTI cion tJu~m"l'1v do not affect the inn'r ax becau, i!. ch motion has a tornpcl,l ating «unwinding" movent mt,

3. 4

Eyes arc ometlaies factor;. natural • twitching is set up 'when t:h· inner ears ate disturbed, Eyes should be kepi Foensedon a di,,~ UlII\. ()bj' t, and during acrobatics houtd be kt'pt ut of cockpit exc pt f I' occasional glances.

Ph si al condition is important; a man can • count on eing irsick after a hangover. Fatigu :. onstipatfen and overes tiug fm; other causes, Ge.rtaira foods, such as greasy r bulky roods OMen before flight, a re not god.

u.g estioru Fear 01' exp ·ctation of becoming • airsick may be the cause, I J. asicr fo.r the cadet who has nee been airsick to b m airsick agZlin, 113 ly from an <;ISSOdau(JJfl of ideas, H er kcC'psthinking abnut ift'tting si It until he actual I)' is,
improper trainingil> an important fac t, • The instructor ~Yho introduces an aviation cadet to repeated acr ibatit~ t(JO c::'U'ly may he COl1u;bucing to a ondition Qf chronic airsickness. Rough Hying should come in small ~o:;l;!. I. 'orgct airsickness: think
HOW TOPRf; .. VIENT OR

External factors affect ability to withstand • airsickness High aLtitudp mAy cause nausea. In uffiaicm ventilation is had because it does .not T du body heat. Bad dors, onstanr noise, and extrcnre of temp raturc arc other hc;t rs,

MIMIMtZE
AIRSICKNE.SS

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

about YOUl'l'uis."iol', Flt>:xhead on I eft st when fIying in rough air, Jntroduce stud nt t(l a rr hat it' . g-radually. Don't tum yolu head in ~Wt'P banks, Keep c 'c' on horizon when possible, Sit ncar ptaIJC'S center of gra iL '. Sta heal Lhy: mouth sh lit, Dowel pen.

ANYON E ", .110 flies can UCOOl1ll';! . ail'sick-whclhr.r he ill a novit:1 being ini tiatcd ill Ii, '~YeJJ IV PeriP' or an old-timcc with several thousand hours [flight lime under his bell. But in ordinary cas " airsickness ~ be cured 'r :Pt'{!\. nted hr an undersrnnding' of what causesthe condition. The causes. of il.i~;a:lu!C$l' are both ph 'leal find psychological. Only a sm. 11 numb r of pilQts-to-b~ can't do, 3.l')'rhing about it. but alter a flyc!' beeorn '5 accustomed to sudden movementa uf blLfhpy air alldprlilonged spinning, or rotation, h houldn't have to worty about b oming si k. A ontrihuring cause of airsi kness lie !n lJl', "inner-ear,' ..... iJ1_i-ch contain thr c senrieircul ar canals, the main s znsery rJl'gtln!> used by a person to ori ent hum If in space, Wh n a pilot ill-SItti.lIg in il normal r10sicion in the cockpit, the canal lie in three different planes. eoinciding with the principal a,x, of an ;:r;ll'planc so that any movement qJfe is al least One canal: tach canal contains fluid and -til} hair "communicators" at the base, 'hen die plane is lUaking unusual er prOlonged movemen Is. cspec;iall)' lip and down, a series of CQnftkting impulses. are rola ed 10 th brain. because the fluid lags Ii continuos to 1ll0V in one direction C\lC11 after rile plane has beguo 10 move in another' direction. The hair cmmunieators, in other words, can't keep up with the plane's movements, or send false inforol1ttion to tile bmin. They send the same illf0nna,tlQll t j he stomach, causing nausea, The .inJle~ car ean be edu'at d om f air Iokness by training, Training again t ail'sickn,cs.'> take time aud in tructors sh uld tr;y to keep a cadet Irom b coming sick whjle getting sed 10 unusual rnoverncnjs During e:l;I!Ytraining a student pilot rna dev I p an a ersir n to flying, and he may even develop chroni airsi ik1 s, because he has been SUbjected too soon and too often to rough l1yirlg or acrobatics. It i no compliment to an instru t r that hi, tudeni becomes airsick, and it hin eveu be n sugg· ted that the jru;~I"Uct(>t be made to 1 an Ucl1 the plans when a student becomes sick, If the cau es airsickness are physi al, in many cas the student piiot can "learn" to 0\1 J', orne them, If the' are psychological, thor ugh wldm tanding of these causes will help to alleviate them. External conditions tending to ea u airsickness should h r moved.

rt

or

20

NA 5,

JACKSO""'YrtlI.h_The

vAl Air

u1mcrs chocl at y"Uo~' Wa.tCl' hru. odebraled It! lll'j;[ 111111 j'lil'c,sary. From what was one- n wild, swaTl1py liru,/'l-Qul for rattl«nal.es, .. lJt~'Utor~, Ilnd: Florida mequhol!s., A has become an oUl.;tp.mling example Qf mop ern ~llJ.n411r¢l~ living' and

hOUli1ug UIO/'~ tllDg 2,,1100 offieors D!La men, con1.rort~i)I}. Jlealthfuily. "Miles (if paved rond, oJtlrtric Md phone Jiul$, an up-te-dare til" tnt !j:Ulc- ' and ani ph) 'reerea tional {~illti~S"t1.11 point towarjl Ih hlu·a work of Ul(r traiuing offiurl'. Ship's Company should at 0 r c.:jv a big ltand in the develepiueut of YllUo,"" Water_ W,I\ VE.S >It thig ~t!\rion have a !:it!.,. b~t wcd On. them by .:tdllllciJlg hlue;ackets--Th~ Faradise FLuE. A new nickname for lite W. R. office", nOI fOUlU;! in UII:: books, i,~llhleb1'(lid&, Here are a lew of the tClTIlS, old and It!!W, which h \' ;1 new l.!'i$l Wi\'\l'E talk: The l1ll1ucl.y loveI'll wbn tr)' their luck on a blfrtd dnte a:w ~",id (0 g Bli.rul Hyi "'g. CU"UQ)" IH'C dates, While lilt en ig:h') date i~1lI1 Gffiur"$ Meo.J, WA VE are Illl1rning: to ask {or Schao1le, 011 Rb I. when th"Y' want rQ~lil bed :IRd Pl111J toe _ nl'l~akfll'!t olfer~ sl,jn_g/tI.l, at (QI\.liL, with their }#Iln: It's not salt I,Q fu<;m a TlV In""''' bUl ..... n Dust:
M["NNE.o\.POI-lB,o--

or

year Ie ',~than Qlu;·hlllf JQf one pCJCl'<TIt of thr sailor. at ,rl:lH Lakes w"t't.: broLishl before Qffic.er:s 1'01' dj~dp'lillarl' fiction, Nearly all of thci~1!. rilC'd c were b:ngtd wi h being ay without Ieav tlr with vetlltaying II lC!lWe. .rIII gO llceccnt of the AWOL cases ~~ woman WIU 1q blame," he liays, "Wives, mothers. or sweetheart would wr-ite nsk.ins:' lite boy ·to come hom. £"'<lllel!ltiy gh'ing, sOJn\!.irlHigiri:'lI'Y reason." Disciplinary 11.,-tion \VlI~ needed most with. th .L7- and 18< .....

the-

S.llll;lcil'c'lu

available

reports, Blueprinta at the A&R Dl"jJilrt!I1!lut.

an:

mrnt

NAS, LIV£IUoIOItI!..-1·he A&R Departbas b.,t.."Il I'IlPl'rOll",,1Iing for al iou! -4 months w iIII the. usc of'oltt elover seed

instc d $Unci irt the blast €tlI1ain alrl-'I'nrl ngi.o.e p;uts. ~l"td tir bru.ed C"1'"cl;"d wheat

or

cleaning r US!1 (if (iJi.'1 l;ibviates the

year-old

sailors,

AS,

ti 11aU-pI II':Spi10la OJ'! gunn e.ry hops 'It OJ}"" NA1'C Squndren hl'l'(' I\re~quiDP~d with iI 'WO-PUII, life. raft l'l"'lI~h ,d by remote con 1"1"1)1~imil~rto a tar et d~.,\w relcas«. and' ehase

S, PJi,J S OOL" ,-NllViga

t\Cr;;~si!y of makiIlg' aluminum allo> parts ~ rh.,I'"" I, nc abrasive a lion, thctcllf saving J.oMy man-Iroues, Pares cleaned by thjs- method inG] ude c~li nders, 1)($ton,. 1'tllllf· lef :'hnd arrionlatcd rods, exhaust cJbow~. and valves after degFcasing aod hot unk

rn

Carbon removal 1S effected with a minimum of hand l~I"lI:p;ngor polishing, No m dilka:tiun tlf t!ie sand bla,t Jjm(~hilll'!' IS I'eqlrifl"d as best results werr. obtalned with an SO-pound air 'Supply thrqugh a ~_t;lJJldar-d. :ya·inch.lloN>.k. 1£ sour clover seed is used it is. requited th<lt both ill' WO!·!;t and til" air Slip P J Y m II~ t he 'Ih~ohltcll' dry to P i>e"el'll
tlogg:lllg ot nozzle or huil dling of deposit of

dt'3ning pound.

with

~p~6ficalien

C 8Gb cnm-

the PQwdcT('d tl'd on the )V{U'jt. ue hundred pounds of the eed will clean necessary parts of Iourro seven CI'gin.. .u II t:p!l"! of $5 ]}1' bundrcdwcighi,

NAS.

tlRlIAK.-Thrtt:

111I1U!I e-

d boots,

known as Twrmae», have reported fQ~ indoc);rlnatioo rt his station. .lilvf:ntually these men, wh!l W 'I'1~ sen! here from thee

Q;'\det Selection 'Elolitd: nil Over lh!' 0011[1try. will become cadets. .Rlg}\! now I I.!')'

are- seamen, second

cla,{~ V •• {Hid ~ ill

(1'.

main in ihnt StilIU$ for the duradon of th";c aerial boot school eeu 1'~C (Jere. npprq,u. matelv 8 mont hI'. The .name 1"lJrmfu;, is a conlrl1crlon of ta r and macadam, materials used as runway pavement al Btitisli flying hl\.$e~ dlll'ill_g It", lrut war, Bccanse they watkIn] on the tar mneadam as machinist' m:U$ and SC(1.crlll nUl"lki(!s ill the ilarly Itt es 01 flight tralrring, the World War I pre;flight students wr I'~ taggtld ';"i th rhe Turmae lullt'l NT, ,!t!i:A'r LA Klts.-Sailors at Great Lakes, the WQt.ld's In!''!!-cI Nay~' lr ining UlLion, dOL", g,~l into lmuh[o' Qhc'll. but IIIh~n t·her do it io aJrJ)051 .. Iways til'!: falilt
of a wom:.m.

NAS, lJATU1f.-The do igl14tion "Oadct . pper Classmen" has ul!en onfl!l'reu upon men who have completed S"~u!ld school but still are taking :f!igh"t tmiy;iug. Their -StaLtb il 111t of advanced midshipmen and it catitles them to special lib~l'ty privil!!ge~, The 1jl ppe!' cl<l5Im'~'!lJ h~\'1! ~I:pal'a:te quarters and art: e;qwc.te d to s ~ an example (or other cadets, Thc-y !I)"O arry out .sp 'cial A ~tov<.:pijJe c.ylinder made: of dural u.r some other noncorros i1": ru tttl el'\le:i- ~IS' th barrel ()f the "g.(J"" whieh shoots lhr
lif" raft of n 5, Motive duty nllsj-gnmt-fIls which call for iii minlmum

of su:pt:m.icrb:.

J-1-.

!tIH

of the hCl.gg:II,W c'oiIlpMlmeDI

fJQ\\'er is Jlupr-li~d

by

b"o Y4-incb

strands ot bungce to-rd. The cord is strrcu:h~d wlt!.'1l tIt!, raft is JOl'ced into th L.aggJlge compa .. emenr and III' ha~th is lie(OUted. control lint! JrPttl the latch 'IQ the cockpi I .nll oW.s pilot \0 opel! I'lH! hatch. Whnn the line is pulled, there. i~ neugh
str I1glh in tlt(· atretchcd raft cll"~.1 of the plane. cord to projllcl
IIll'tal }' IInd cj'

NAS, FA r:Q.-I\n msurance drive, behi May, endod reeently w'ith lite sa!' $1,192,.000 worth Qf NaUQlllll S rv i f' Ilfc in~utllru·l!. On thi st<ation 9"6.66 percent of the personnel is now UQVI';li'CU by -gov.. rnrnent insurance,
'l"\l1l

or

thei) to

NT.,

PJ!.t.i-'\A .ot ••.~OQmplete: \

assur-

The P IJ.l'pOiif: Q f -ful'

o say! a cfuoil~lin
in,!> &lanal1_ He

'officer
Illal

I'It

thi.~ train·
ta!t

repor\.1

fIT th~

provide: a sruQalh ru rfa(''(' £01' fll mil to slide on, thus. prrvtmting it Irorrl c: lchi!'!g on anything WhDi Ihe- ll'ltch jJ ~prUr:lgr. A(lll.!alrlJlI~ have pN;lveo;! W'rv ~l;Iti~rjlttory,

antL thllt Il. .lJUdt:nl -is- UlOfoughly familiar wiUI hi. -p!i'J.tw IlI'fo.re a. solo hop ;,3 accomplished IhrQlfgh a coo'-,pit Ilhl'ck-onJ. ;SYstet:n in ~('C~ al :lufi.,y FideL Eat!lJ tud~rlt Js
hlindfoldcd un.d musl (lo:mpT..te the cheekOUl of 3~ items witbin ,I ruimltf';s with no HrQ .... btfort"' he i.~ allowed to solQ.

21

Navy Speeds Student's Grasp of Communications by Film-Record Method Which Co.. ordinates Sight and Soundi System is Used Widely in Aviation Training $,hools
NS--vit<JI (0 operation-c-must be tho oughl ... mastered by a naval aviation cadet. b fore he \\ (no. his wings. He must acquire a prof i ncy in l)'P s of communications rransinittcd either in Morse code or by semaphore. During normal Limes. qualified inS1rUClOl'S teach cod b using s(,p:U'a~e keys and earphones for each srudll:n t, SimilaTI .1 erscnal ins ru lion is given in fcacl1i.n.,. semaphore. But LlOrlagc of equipment and instructors made it imperative 10 dL'vis(' a new means of itlslTUCli, n. BuAcl' m t this need hy developing th film-re ord system oow used in night preparatory, CAAWT: and preflight schools, formerly

C OMMUmGATI nighL

Used

.8y

Priv(lle Schools

the f:ICl thata number of hJP lJ1t need a rcpN.iLion of Jessons, The filmI' cord system has the additional ad. vantage of removing any illfcT10 feeling the student miglil have if he had LO ask all instructor [or xtra 1 S~Clr\S. But perhaps the two' great t advan tages of the film-r cord method arc thai trained insu uctors a.re no longer rcquii d and that absolut standardizati 11 is .blained. Such standardization is not possible, when lrcU15Tl1 ission is 'U b ject (0 the per SOl1ill I variation, whjQh occur ~" even the h sr inslructors, The new method liM resulted in another gain in tilt' gcnr-ral traini I)g or avlarion cadets, (\'(lnncrl, instru loa]. used ruisrclluucous newspaper ill"lll,

operator disconnects th ~ speaker SQ thaI only the light is seem. Although Morse ode is used when ~ignalJing with blinker, a somewhat different type of sending i required. redally tithed records are ernpl yed IlU the t xt J1 r is the arne typ u ed in cede and semaphore ttaiIiing,
I

Code More Oi$culJ Than Semaphore While nlJ three methods cf communiratien ar equally important, [he eC'qerts ngre that lit dents experience more difficulty with MOl'];£:: code. both sight and sound, than with setnaph reo To roruhat this, lihe Na ii, designed a new III thod for p e -cTning Morse 'ode letters, The code is lJ1ldf'l'SI'ood ullimatly by the complete sound of each letter, Not by the individual ~oundl,which male lip the letter, and Uk' student i I).alltioned not t-o count ftimponent parts hut to learn each lett r by its am plere sound, Lett l'S having rhe shoY't~,t sound ar preseated nl'l>( and 80 on until those having the longest ounds are introdu d. Here is th· que-nee:
I'T M~'lDCKUR$UWBO"HJLPQVXYZ

This method has been utiJiz('d by private scho Is on a small scale, 1 ut where formerl onlv a few records "W{\I'l' needed. the N;I: pr.rlgram J'{' lu.in's -eral hundred fit ea h acU ity. R.'act methods oI re 'ording make it pussible to 11St~ records throughout tht· COUl' e witboul supplementing th m with periods of individual insrruction, There arc advantages in th nl'''' method of instruction over -allY orh !.'I' system. One is coordination or sight and sound in c de and se:rll.aphorc .in'tmction. VV':!U'na letter is shown en lhl' screen in semaphore, it is also hard .in Mars code. If th tudeni hn. forgotten either the "10k" of the cmaphore 1··tter or the sound of it in Morse COMe. h is c rtain to "be prompted bi' on or the. rher, If L kn. \0\' either, he can learn it readily by association. Another advan tage is that instruction rna be Limed in relation t the pFogrelis o. the student, Arter the elementary stage code and ~e111aph01' speeds increase week bv \ eek lurli\ tho requirerl stand I'd is Harned. This gl'ud.ual in rease could not be maintaihecl at a constan; rate' by indi idual instruct rs without apecial equipment. Srudents Get More Consideration dB an0Llic.r advantage- is tha t the slow student can be given mol' conidcraw.on with less effort than would have b en possible under the qldsyst m. If he has work t make up, he U1t:fel: rum the ['I"corcis agaitl. No Instructor j" required i"l"gudlrs~ of

SOUND SPIUING Of MORSE CODE

E Oit T p)ah A OIDah

W Di Uah Dah B Dab OJ Of Dit C [Bah 01 Dal1 OIt

f OJ

M Dall Dah NOah Dif

I Di Olt G Bah Dan Oit K Dah DI Dah o Oah Dah Oah R nt Dati Dit S Di- D1 OIt u Di OJ Dah

Of Da~ Ol,t

H Oi DI OJ Cit J Oi Oah Dah Dah

l Oi Oah Di nit p 01 nail Dah Oit Q Dah Oal101 Dah v 01 Of 01 Dah X Dah OJ OJ Dah y Oah Oi Dah Dah I Dah Dah Oi Dlt

P Dah OJ Oit

COJ' truusrnissiou, but !lOW thl! Navy employs tnlltCl'iaI which W'ILhr:.~ the cad ts vult'S l111d regulations; rradirious, a I' logy, navigation. and other subjects in the training emricnlum. Because each WCl1'l:l. is J' cei cd I 'ltl!f by Jeuer, the student rem mbers the material I Nfl"r than when reading it (rom text. FI'lsb.i.n,1{ light, 01" blinkcn, is taught In n similar manner. 'Ow clc tric CUt'l'l'JH which opeYatc~ the speaker of the reprnducing machine is rtd to a IW00 light which shows the M(JI \' cod' visuallv. In ,:t1'1 stag:e.-~ finstruction, both sound and light an: 1'1;produced sirnultaneouslv. Later the

,1\8 S9011 a the first three letters are introduced, cemplet word are made, Inrmediatclv removing the rnonoton expcrir-nccd when letters arc presented in al ph abe tic sequence, s!vi rse code j<; the basis for: blinker ceuimunication. pi'll lice by sound nontinues for two weeks only hdo1'\!' the fla'>hing light i~ jntrl'odm ct. Aftr-r this the two are iv eu 1temat el . emapllOrel'ig~alling is taught ~omt'what UI the same fashion but the alphabet ISpresented in u different 1'1)quen , Letter ha ing adjacent arm I osit iOIlS are pres en ted firs t! U Len letters made b oppo ire! artll positions, if) de, s mapho, letlcr p itions are net in absolut ... rotation, and often OM letter has no direct lJf'}J_ri~ on the ;,tdja 'ot letter in the ~lphtih -ric se>

STUOEI\I,S

l'RACTIC_£

WITH

poeM-ET

.. LINKER

23

tnnintaining speed ,It 14- word~ per minute. Turntable sp eel for lh~!} reeords is 713 r.p.ur. T11e roo 4.5 minutes each. Thes<l records can}' t\ (;\ lesson units. 'l'hlls ~)6 records make III thi~ COlU'Se-. No films an; requit d. Plan uf the courses lis for Use
llf

four lesson units or rwo records

each day oj instruction. Since copy is sometimes lnscqu n e, this utilizari n is flee s 31 te obUljn prop r Iunctiening of the course, Records and films are 0btailled from me viation Training DWi. ion,
Gunner Gets flying

Lessoll by Rodio

IGMT

SOUND

CDORDINAT£tI

I"",-NEW

METHOD

FILM!>

"'NO

REflOR!)!>

All) TRAINING

NOG-RAM

qnCJl e. ernaphor letters are inu'Odueed in th [IUO\Vill r sequen e:

'\.8 nE.FGIHRl.,MNPQR~1 T.l¥~()WVX

lessen units. each eight minutes in len th, The urnlable speed is 33

!'.p.m. This course uses a total of 98

I-irIJM, eacb numbered match the pru<tiC''Ular ecords requi ring- them. r II record are numbered in sequence, Wh tl a record requires an accompanying film. (his fact is noted on the slid

~ in • cl ,when .veral sernapher . leu B have l:mt~n J arncd, word are made from the lCI1:CI'S without waiting for the entire alphabet to" intredn cd, Practice ·lmlinUI$ until the alphah t l, c V ercd. odl" s mnd accompanies much at

n':t~)rd label.
T@ reduce the rlUrnber of a tual record . beth sid£' of each rr-trlrcl axe used, thus allnwing 1\\'0 lessf)n unit to he mad on each. There- are 17~ re urds In U-,C fint OUL1\I!.

pra(·tice

the

Llw sernaphor m".gino_iJlg of tbt' course.

u[

Slide Film S,peeds up Ins/rucf(on

Slide JiI01 facilitates iIHblU:UO[) in semaphore, For -ach filrn there Is a rn -hronized r COl d ':arryTrlg a ong siPJtd which t[!I!' lbd operator \ hell the picture hould be changed. TI1i'l provides fot' projection of uhe proper fI~ position to malclt the code sound on the record. Th voice 011 th· reeord explains cacti new £lag I'Uilioll, Later in the course, all practice rnan-rial is id ntilied h' v it to allow student or' operator to det rmine progress made, 'hrn examinations bv roc rds and film arr.g:lvCl1, final identification bY' voi e is t u -tk d in advance ~11 that -the needle of WI.: reproducer can he lifted from the record tudent til i1J al' graded according t ma tcrial c· pied. Tinling €If "'ffillphrnce sending irt word -pce-minutc il; ae omp1_j"h'd b

-)'h ecmld record d course is for code- i11. truciion only. One: hundred and nin ty-two lesson units are used,

emm unicatiorrs con tinuall y plays a life-or-de; ttl rol on baul fronts, One drarnrulc 'xampJ occurred in I cbruary in a raid, 00 Muada, Th pilot of an SBD was killed L>y ack-ad -shrapnel: leaving the rear-s eat gunner, Marine Sergr. ,-jIb I 1-1. Henze toO get nJo_ng the best he ould, 'ntmim~d as a pilot, el'gt. Henze Revclthel . took over the r ar s at controls and ltepl the plane ifJ leve-l flight. By radio, be asked the leader of an • corting flight of fig:lncl' plane r r instrurtions. l1he fighter pilot swung closer and b radio, gave Hen? essential tip on how [0 keep his plan iJ'il1g. The rg ant y.1a-s told Iollo V the "island mute back to uadaIc.c'lmlJ because th r was no coinpa in the rear seat of the Dmm,lll1.fa. TIle pilot of the :Bght.t'r flew a!0ng witll J:1C't17,• 'cm'ltmuiog the radio Ryiog in tru tions. Near he Rus ell Islands the s-crgeanL reported lhat the Dauntioss wa running low qn gas. He couldn
t open reserv

taaks b eeause the

proper
.._ eeds p

spacing
Vat)'

or

gOlllg si nals,

frorn Jour 10 ten words per minute all the course progresses, (lund Lode spe ds 1\ 'h a maximum of l \~e J v e ward -per-rninute, 1n bllnk~'r, tbe maximum is t m words. 'be tir~l recorded l:purliC j" code. blink 'r and '!, IlIaphm'f' con is of 35() 24

swilc:l'l&s wer in the [I'Dn okpit, At tlds crucial point the lighter IJIan.c's radio went out and the flying instructions were brought to an abrupt ~top. Rerg_t. Hense put WI" bomber into a diw, unhooked his sa!ety b It and jumped, Before b auld dodge th diving ship the stf bilia lrir him acl'OS)l the Iegs, One leg was cut ofT below the knee, As he swayed in his parachute fall. Sergt. Henz used hi~ hands to mainrain pressure on tb ltg's uiain artery 10 check bl edlng. Impact wlt1:l the wat knocked him unconsci us, Iter he regal11ed Ius. SCJ1;;!!S, he s, am for about si.", hours. The effect of saIL water apparently ;;tbpped the flow of blood from his ven~d leg. He was
picked up hy nnlivlls.

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT .•.

When a parachute

PARACHUTES?
to Write vouranswers 4 here _
_

saves

a man's life, it is customary

put a gold star on the pack.

parachute done his iob well.

The star is nof to praise the It means

fie hes

but the parochurte rigger.

Riggers

know their chutes. By the Answers on p. 32.

2 ~_.~_. 3 _

;5 _~

wa.y, whot do you know about tflem?

2.6

Adjust Generator (ut-outs

-BuAer Letter Tells Procedure
.From time to lime: variou .. r 'ports ~ have come to DuAt>r loom several a tlvlties d s rihillg difllculries and Jailures 'Of reverse current ~"ClaYIiparliculady lh 1\" -Ill I I 'pC. It should be noted that a vNV active d 'vclop~ ment program IS under Wtly with the ohjectivf' of finding better types of relays. Meanwhile; t'1111 h llf thp. trCl1.1hle wlLh tile present relays can 'be avoided iJ c:Elreful adjustment, lJu.·_\el·lett ·r. .r--Ma 1242 KI. Fi&-2 (6\. Sl,t'i. I ''0, 17 j sM. onted 3 Df'ct'IllI)~l' 19.j 2. discusses method of adju'Sti.og these \1 l- 0 11 t s, Adiyilil!'< e:xperiCJ,rcin' tl'01,!ble are urged by BuAC-r to check tlii Jettel 10 be ~'Ul'(' they <t1"C not overome

dicator, the mod I plane used should I e small en ueli to clear the handle in til CWl~etof the automatic recorder.
r Dc~;gnt!d by

there ch-arr wit h- lcn., tls~u" or soft cle tf.\ , 00 not use liquids. -1, Wl1t'n \ISirlg polarizing filters to ehminate sun gli'rrc-~ j:llaCf;i diem
j"

with
~citil\gS

axes
ill

ch li$t, GCQrgt" E, Tba , ,M.O,]

vertical. r 1 t is iL1lJilOl't11 n I

remember

,.lIuA .., COMMENT-Thi'.

r. (In,OI

I 4J;ld 2 llhovl' ror [In\ll' .. csc.)

of Ill .. ,"any

helpful d... j~"J developed or perfaded by "n· v 11$I"d peroon"eI for In <onotd,on with 111 .. Link Trame•.

II."

Old Parts Bewitch Compass

Erratic R.eadings C.ured S;mply
r S. ANr(lRO.- Tjli~ statinn r 'cently exp rienced 11 wave nf erratic )'cadillg~ on the pilot's magnetic com],HISS or S ;tB-2~ / the error sometimes reaclring 111; much as 45° on certain hradiI\_g-s. Afl~r eonsiderabl search. it was dec znnincd that th SNB-2's retained -cv >1'al non-essential equipment items rrom their commercial days, the prinrip,),! offender !J 'Lng a gYIrJcpilot valve .Iclll,tting rod, handle ::Inri hanger of ~tCl'l. Removal of these parts ellmina tud the rrou ble,

No Shortage of Binocular5
Rules to Obtain Best Usoge
,\ t'I'it.i ·Hl·.j.hol'l<\_!tl-, nf bi.noculars 101' me ill aircraft JUIS r-xisrcd frir some tbl1l:. This siruatiou I1llW has- heen

IOf'lking

ntainteuanec

or this equipUl

nC(l'SJiDI'

pr

,;ecillrl'

UI

nt.

Device Aids Link Trainer

Determines Posi.tion,
Head,;ng
SUFFICIENT SU"PL~ OF SINo,CULA.!';!S' I'IEAUV

Gunnery Tip on OS2U' 5

Simple Remedy lor G"ievance
:.Jll'vj'ltcd and a !\lrHkil'Jlt supply L>f binoculars r. available. 'Fln- allowunec list is 1\ f ollnws :
2 pt't VPB airp1.:Il1I'. 1 p~t' V'I':B •. o , VS . J VSoB, VR, airplanes

new link trainer device has been developed which helps the .instrueurr In visualize quickly the. 1 osition and heading <Dr student in relation to a radio range. P,crrBctt;c1 at 1.AS £1 Toro, it consists of 11 small model airpl 1 m -unted u the shaCt of til radio mpa.ss control of the automarie 1'1;' ord r, 'rhi<lirr1ane indicator oa the link 'l'<ll \\ hich ha,-; pel'n in 1I"~' or several f months. at E 1 T'oro, is not cilii 1cult tG l?uild 1l1lU llt~tal1. 1'0 1'~pJaccthunrhs rFW which It Ids needh- indieator 011 lhe radio cempass .ontrol -n sert'w of the ~aule stock is in ,e:rtcn anti tlW sma 11 a irp I an e uiounte d, Since the nr-edle indicatoris ruounted 011 the underside of thl' lnodl'l airplane, it till ~i e th snrn indication a in the original p ilion. Another at' dle nla~ e planed -n the l p 1"11Uit'- ilil1~jan Ie giv • an indication fr U1 the top and looking down on lh .. auiematic recorder. While any l\'pC uf 'IN111 recognition model airplane Car" beused <.r~ the in-

JR

'1 -pCJ' ZN_P ai hips

ith binoculars mav draw tlrcru Irom :;tock in accol'dan'c with lhi li$t, Binoculars must he handled care-full. External dnJiIlagc and sudden jan; n1<\)' throw the Instrument out of 0011irnatien neec s.itating v erbaul. To elnain.as dear and wide a ficlcl. I view as possible and to avoid ey strain, the following rules should be observed; 1. tkt Ilino ular for
e yl'

:quadrolls not equipped,

'Those \\'J10 haw' complained about the sruall d 'pression angle 0f the rear"'~1-l' guti in 052 sand N's can r' '}Iledv the difficult with ease, Naval Aviation Nzw is informed, In the Elet~io17 11ftl jVfl1,ifillllumu ,,"[arrual, drawing CV-54"~04 for th ,tJla.Ilf', ent]Ued,"Scalll,stnllatil)n. Rear Cackpit, F'lc:\iblu Gun .. , bears a note on" ppermo1\t posirion of s at ('11'." If the op collar shown on the vertical column support [or th eat (s to ppj nI:: seat from g-Qing higher) is discarded, if- \\ ill be- found poss-lhle:> to 1511nl and ",;ght clown to about 20~ froth thr- vertical.
I!

:! Focus eMh GYl'pitcc separately while lookiug_ At a- dilJt:uu IlGj,'ct, Sh\!tt!.ngtr)'l!

va pils,

,n"tar1 c between

at {'y piece

not

,illg (ocusca

Of

l)~l'uring the to"'''~pollding ohjcctiv .. Il'ns. S, Do. IiOL toueh \"'::1" "l.lI~f"(l~I'~ KCt'jl

27

ENLISTm

PER50N!oIEL LEARI'IS ALI. INS AND OUTS~ OF ENGINES AT UNIVEII:S,TY

~F IIIR TECHNICAL TRAINING, EtOftTY-5£VDnH

STREET, Cj,UCAGO

TH S IS A SP C ALISTS'
I

war." 'Inl remark bv a recent graduate 01 tile ED familiarization course at the Dougk\;. ,\i"o'ah Plant 111 EI Scgundo surua up the I urpo . or the 'r ecializcd trainingprogram SPOilliOI 'd b the Nava:l Air Technical Training ., rnruaRd. At schools ill some 80 factories and the NATecllTr Cen. at Eig:h-t},-S(';l\lonth'trcet, .hicago, enlisted Tl11!n get advanced CO\HS in Iine maintenance of various type airplanes, in.ll'W11l'IUS, origin 5-, carburcto , startrrs, hearers, superchargers. propeller. turret, and aircraft ordnance . [uipmenr. Two schools provide detailed study of ph(JtogrApllic equipment.

A: FAR AS t~chl1id_ans are concerned, this is a _p('cialislS'

Al LaG1lardi~ Fit)ld in New York. Pan-A.Dt'ric-arl Airways

}JTP-

simts aQ intensive course in bl£; buat operation Ior flight rnehanks. Factorv trilil1ing SChl~UI. mushroomed Qllt'ing lbl' fin, ear ana _Q hal] of LIJ(~ war, Recently, however, many (If them ha c literally beet) packed up and moved. to N Tech'I'raCen .H .Ei_j~hty-scvcut!hStreet, Chk'ago. Today tli· Eil!ht). eventh rreet trai.nihg C(."!ItC'l·i~considered Lhe "university" 01 air technical training. The pamphlet Prosp 'crus (lin pedali~cd Training Program, available from tit Chi·f flf _ ,wal iI' T .chnical Trainins. Chicago, IU•. giw<; detailed information. 28

Support for
Position no Iongcr
It!"

Plotting Board
students

for Pilot Held Ideal

NAS. Plt;\/".Ml0LA,-Fli.ght

d three hand. to !ly

their !\lJ+'S and navigate al the same Lim '_ new upp rt d velop d f r the plotting board at an NATe quadTaU her dQI'S- III trick. The support keeps Ihe- plOL1Ulg I oard from fling out of tit o kpit,

provides a sreadv table, is imcl'ch[lngc;able SA:) that it I; .. n be stowed and not inter '["~ with take-offs or landings, docs not bseure instrument pan 'I (where til!' full-air ,,<It io gagl' b It)og. 'I. 1t also prevents plllLling board Irorn cracking 01' bending. Plotting board i mount d on a plywood backing and secured with corner mounts in tilt' arne manner \'U a .n. p. .:;11ot in photo.$'aph album. A, s~·}O· arare m tal fitting:, appl'OKimatdy

I I I
I

inches long, b. constructed, whi h fitl> Into the instrument panel. The ploLlL1g board ~-mounted ou a plywood bucking and :-;ecuted. Board can be attached to the Ruing, and is in au ideal position dir tl it) Irene of pilot, To steady till" board, siuall but~ n-en strap, are hoi ted to each ide on ih ockpil. A moll canvas stowage envelope 1:; bolted low and to the riE':ht of the pilot's scat and h Ids the pJOHillg buard when it is nor in use, Each studcru i. ordered 1O close the hood nJ • meI1till'ily while plaeiug lh card in posiri(ln or tOwing it, thu preventing po~sibilily or slip stream "surveying" a valuable planing board. The fact that squadron tudenrs are now going: out with a ,I;)l~ttlk plBtting board. figuring their wind '0 route atld mE'lki~g aCi'CLLrnte returns (rom complicated li ~ rs p aks well for this Iustallatlon,

White Prop Tips fOf Safety

Pvl

on Night-Fiying
, Np,w

Trainers

I I I I
I

imple .expedienr of p_ailltir:lg lhe l;'l'oft lip' of training ain':r".llt whlte has pro-ved itscl a majer safcty factor. AU trainjug pi!m('~ used for night Hying at this station now ha v 9 inches I tb pmpuller tips painted winl ~ while lacquer. "his,ex:perim nt was authorized by G TAPdrnTr~. Tests pro e that the white lacquer makC! til prop's at' just as v' iblc in dayllght a ' the standard tip paintingarrangement, which is unde imbl at night. [TIEVEl!OflED BY H,<l.IlM R;\1I!~Y. r\C!MMj
t.EANs.-The

ANSWERS

TO AIR PLOTTING PROBLEM

from'l30'

I
I
I
I

1. W!.nd
2.

lat. lS'-51' S long, 179·-4,7' E 3. 0730 d'eQc! reekon- lof. 1 S~-3S' S ing po.ili~ n L<:>ng. 79°-54' W 1 4. 0936 no wind (01,1 Lat. 13~-1 S' 5 po,iUon long, 179'_55' I From 2liO· F.orce 20 Ie 6, Magnelh 'heading 119" 7. est m .. 'ed lime 01 Ilrf"f(e~nO" 1046 8:. Be.,ring 326.S· Oif,ttnu SO miles

0730 no wind (oi,) po 5;110"

''''ee 25

rc

NOtE, l'(lI~lan'M 01 Iwo 01 Ihrea mH",. or Iwo three de9re~~ from the enswer are con.iden.d co,red.

0,

ISee

1'09"

1 31

29

BOARD TEACHES NAMES OF TOOLS

A New Device That Simplifies Mastery of Names of Parts and Gadgets is Placed at The Disposal of Navy Pier's Technitians
The gunnery d'r'),)lUtlllltllt at this techniral lrainmg center has eonsuucted n device In the (Ol"lll of a board for instruction of trainees att 'oding CJ£(SS A schools, omenelaeure, always the nightmare of studurus, ;~ made j"lalive1y itnplt and the student suddenl di covers hf" 11 t onl: knows the name of a part, but what ir looks. like also. T'h device lias a. place for each pa.d er ~muIJ plain! labeled ~('J lhat in thl' ] J'W'(,;I:, (If ,"sf'mhl" and disaslIortlbly the student always a '~()dates the CUll U name with each IJaN or group I'f'NAVY Pl](R,
HICL\({P,j

moved

fit)!)=!

1111'

gl.l n in

stripping, The board illustrarcd was designed 101" th callher :M2 Brewning machine gill). Similar boards can 1 e adapted to H IC MUST 1(".0 W Ii 15 Y' EAPP N n '~cls of other weapon by ,l r i'lrrangelU'cnt or compartrr ents 1I1lcl me of new Iahols. Another advantag of the unrpartrncnt board is tJIt~t it , ccustoms the trainee to be 1>)' teruath; it) arrangement of parts ill groups a cording to disas ernbly thereby speedleg lip lime rl:ql.ti:red to put the gun log {her a <Yairl, The hahit of small paJTlS to ,['011 tile bench is eorrectcd : each off compartment has :1 protecting edge, In lad: the deyict' might Pc termed the perfect training aid ill that lL is cheap to construct, made of noncriti aal ITlr~teriaa. popular with both rudent and Instructor; adaptable to other needs, and an occasional dusting is. onlv inai ntena n ce rcq uirem ent,

.so

~ASSOCIATION SMALL PltCE$,

,'>

OF NAMES I'ND
CHECKED

rARTS

THROUGH

IIECDI\'~S JIIU'TOMAT1C, USE OF CLASSIFIC,ATJON

i.oss OF
1I0llRD

WITH

lJNI'I'S.

ASS~lltLE.D.

STU!lENTS

L.EARN

TO. SEE

Ttl!'.

WEAPON

AS

/I.N II~GR£GATE

WITH

S£PMtATE

P",IUS

IN

PRr::CIH

AND

AHIITIVE"

pOSITIONS'

30

LETTERS
S!lt~, W~ would

Old

Mr.

W,·b.rt~I'. rove.. ill

his

ruosr

wh~~her or
III

Uw

1.!-gV5l

-;P0~5= ) ~':
~ ~,r~

-~
;)- .:l

.\\'IAI'IQII, lll!" Ctldl'L ucwspaper

rev\;ul1'"n which :;lJlflcar I.'], 1 401, ~U~ of N, .."u Nlm - " uld be obl1l,iflrd for u e
tl.fl\

like

Lo

be

JII(tjnll'd

"1$

~I)

"brid:gl'd public tious, inwl{iably assocmtcs "1,yr;lImy" with degpl) (,Isn; , .In I'il~ UII· >tbndg<'d ('dillotls, lit' ¥Il'~~ ['0 trJwr' in emIjhrui1ing Lh~ syncmyrpity,

~t rhi ba1;C.
QYFIG£fl.

IN

FJ:AROR

p.rv(!C$5i
t'rJrI

Do'

,,'AI.

A\l1A11lQ!'\

t\

C.

,Navnl

F/lglu

PU/iH1'afl"I'

S~ilQt;t1

BB's1

0/ Captu.io Bli~hs
Ibis
wmrt

:Nol'thr. .. ld, MUll".

r-ration,
l~T. IW)'

III·rly. [11 hdlb~nl 01.1 removing

N sws advncate a tor our modour nlig'.bulIIrcl gen:..U traces of

from

unh VP)

WCI!;lll,
n)HSL

50meduy Wi/mn s Ganna Drop One or Thole~

'1 'oful'tullatd, it I_~ uo t practicable fUllllish either cut'! 4" print of illustration appr';uiug in various
to issues.
Sill,,:

some

d"~iB'nt\titlll of ";,hmlut'\, nil ,. [0('11(' "pll}' serve than "despotism,"

OO~U!"':'l!'lNG

~F!{lER

(;.Qutillg Squadron

39

Cut PBY Navigation Table?

Change Thought Undesirable I ATROL SQP-AORUN .~2, PI\Ol'FfC.'rom this squadron cerne the SH!!gcsII th:).l fh navigation table in the pnv b ut to half its preseru ·iz', The d.rift ~ ht ould thea be mov (1 1.Tp 10 th . rdgc of th navigation tahlc. le ving plenty ol space for navigation and rellevintr the usual crowded conrJi,tiQlI !)f the compartment. An excellent slol'.'ag space for seldom-used plane quipment could be built into this pari of the plane, orr make it availabk: <IS pa nger or Ir i£,ht space,

'I'r- hnical ~Qr I\o, lO 13 0111 E"ltil"St. Flllllll" Dampers has a ,1;lll:lncnt \ I:til'h it; being quesrioncd h) lJil(.llt> of Ai,. C·U)up 3. T'his tlil,·.mellt-p1Imgcaph 4- of the '1\i.rtLplks that operunou in lidl rlli lltt

tiAc;cordillg (0 both. ihc : cntury 11abl'irlge.d" and "Funk &. Wag~lalJ!~ utmiai'd"lktinnari&s. 11w lirst meanin!! f despotism is the' exercise of ah'lnfuh' authorirv," I r was no doubt in
[IDS sen (' dial .lulU"! Paul Jon meant 'it when be aid, in hi. [amuus letter

",,(I <LCC$o t::>l!au51'IlJ

ti

lUe ,'i~ilJ!lit)' We Iiave [Olmd in practice wilncaI'ri"r type pbnus Ih~H lit." exhau: I fiftH1t: ri~ibility j, rcdu ed b} opl"rating in a k;,t>!1 mixture
3('tt:iU.!l'

ur

cpo'Pl1wr

'01111

lion /",UI 'm11~lwt O1I1(j rirh. 7Tl,.tluu and ~.¥haust fill1f1i' vi~jbiUfry dist ana«. ~>. kal'l
rni: turc we mean t.b· ::lU10nllllic c;n1,~iTlS-

Perhaps tihc11<ppatrm divc.diq: of t!lQI.IJ;hL on this sub] et i,~Q ·!~ion(·rl11' LIt ddlrli-

or

k~1T1 A~ltm' em the mixture control quadtOUI which has b,·,~ predetermined lJ)' tlu" >llliker~ of rh .. ca.rburetol's, and oy rich .tnix(uh' ..... mean fttU manual riGl1~fQrw~l.rd c posirion on mi,,"1;IH cornrol quadrant. GOM~{A{ltl)ER, Am GIIO ,':3 j Par: graph 4 0 -10 4~ may be nusll'ading insofar the flam . 1.'+ hilirv characteri tics arc one'l'1'1.ecl \1'iLb (10 flame dampers installed. However, when Ilame dampers a-re intallcd 01" in ca es wher the all'ph ne 11a inCiivitiu,11 s-tacks, as in FfiF-3, the cx!'tau.,'.t ,laruC"visibility fS trein end u'ly reduced b operation in (l'U/V rich, Tllis bas been demonstrated bv :nWIII.!I'· ous flam dllUIJ;>ing flight tests, It is a1~ believed that {ull mantwl rich might result in cxH In' fl. min~,
IRS:

• Bu·AER COMMENT-T-he pro!><'s..d change in 10·1:11 e- ",ize Is ton'-'d",~i:I u.!'Ide.J.obIB for "he f"I1"""lng recl.Ollf. 1. A reduced ,oble w1>uld no, ".-.ornmod",. Ihe new and larger chqrl' ..... leh ore eltp"tl .. d $oon to be pg, ;"rl> ~et"i( e. h 2. Aredliced lable would n~c~nJta'e reJocoring .he ast.ograph moUnlil1!l' provls!l>ns en welJ as the drift ,.ight, Thu only ~vident odvantase II· in .. eo~ed pOO5""g., and baggage "pace, but ~"en ,Ii Is advanrage j~ I., daub' when 11 r" ,o'lsiderl'd the.., 'he spgce "'nder 'no e)(",1"9 jable i. already a~alloble for additional $1011'911.

L (l(iu,ldp) rbat "Lh ships th mselves must b rLrh~dIand commanded til sea Il·ndei' a ' '~it:m of ab clute desPOtiSDl." That Johm Paul jones did not Imply a Captain Bligh tvvc i.. evident from manv siatem nts made elsewher ',such ': "In one word, eVllll" Ocm1Tuand r should keep constantlv before him the gt at truth, that to be wen obeyed he must be pel'(cctly esteemed, Tit semantic difficulties arising [rorn the u of r,he word "despotism" hould, perhaps, have been avoid d hv lI~iflg quotes and rti\'tlr'lg; the qllestion : "In the words (:II }Jbn Paul

pear in the intrcdnoticn to Nav41

1'1·, 1775, to tbe ~aval ojncr! of C,mgrc1;s ( whic h ap-

Junes ...
SIRS.:

.'

service to a rrrea.t I7IMI)' 1'l"o1'l..-. 111 fait t~C' wholr-rnngazine nppcars 10 lJe very WIlIl eon truett'd, nod 1 read it-with :n srl"ll d"al of intt>rc'L
dOl\flIM ..'-:ln ",1'

TIl<' ;L~tic1I' rl'illi"" re in om' taXI', In rhe- 1'1)(<'111.1><:1' J '.\VAL Avr.WTON N"LWlI rs "[JII'l1djd, J.nd will 00 doubt br- of ~ rea]

SEST ANSWERS T<Iquestions on pag 11 t, d 7, a 3, ~ ,-4',0 ~. c 6. e

!Ii\\' ,I!. AVL\'Il.,N X!l.WS. August 15, 19'HI, published Ott. page J ~ .HI interesting and i1\ .. truc-t;ve ct er multiple answer pnlj,l"ms under the thlr: "lV-E>l'tntial~

I'.

. Ni/II)

}'I1J(l

" ashiagton,

D,

or

ltVl'll.

~rvjl!c:,"

AN$WE.RS 1.2 2.5

1'0 PA!lACI-ltUlE. QU'Z

Oft

Fag.· 26

5,'1 6_1 n"I1,,1 'II,]." r mlt,_ til' n"',l1nr,h' (,,,'ll nlJ.i""· SI",,'j,,1 [1,,·.(••[>, "III IOn. ~1:l""11'1·'1 UII~ 111m '''r~HlTI" ft'"m rl'nlj":'tt~ '''III''''

3,1

4.4

. inc ... ho\vr:vcr. NA\,'>L VlI\"ICS NE-W·'; tw.' IIft.I'1i served dTrl1liveh ill this squadron to Iurthcr indcerrin a te pCT.'\O.T1od In 1II11"~ c:ustu"tn' aud traditionsl it >OI;IIt'WWlL
di~IIlThing (_II nQte yo~'r ;J.n~l'rel' to ·pl'Oulcm Ko. 4-, niIIHI'h·, "The commanding offil!r<T
:I

w,,~

."m.1S~ It h requ Hod that ~h. avtU Mission b" placed on the utlliJ big li_~t for one addh tjOfll'l.i Ctlp~ o'f NAv"" .\vIAno;.,' N ElWs fOI
llol'"

of Brazililln

pl"csQl'lnd, 1LS;,lON"1'0 Blunt.

of

baI11.esh-iJl

IIlllJit

gQv"rn l'Ii~shirl
(/~SP(J!iHI.·'

UlIr1t!!'

Ot;n::F,

0. .:\ \v.u.

II $)' (<'Tn lIf <lh~f:)l!lle

RiC) cit' 1<1nf'ho, St:rti!.

32

Degree of Flap Opening

BuAer Summarizes Toke-off Tes's
GRotrP 3.-Tbcl'e is a divers:ity f opWon among SBO pilots as re the clegt of flap opening thai allows ~CSl and shoztest arrier take-off.
IR

I.olldlng eendltlon

IOOO·lb.

Grns s weight _

l<ull

flAp'

-I
speed (mli(ls j

bomber

IGOO-Ib. bomber

9,45ti

8.760

10, {I'd 9

Th~ SBD-3 handbook ~tat· that Rap

on carrier take- ff wh reas th 5BD--5 handb ok says Cull flap should De used. One bm.l.lbjrlg- squadron of this gtoUPI VB-3, has found a flap' ,((:.ingof Me-third to two-thirds full Oap gives the best ap pa rent lake-off chatartcristics f qulek take-of]', mpld accclerati n, and positiv control with all values of Iesdlug ccnditicns. It is felt that this probl m is rmiqu to the SO ~1nCe-it i ev rloaded anrl lIWdCl'powered. Perhaps the Bureau could indicate if there i a & 'ttingor the flap which would cause redu :tion in the LID ratio. Wi uld it b reasonable to sa: Up! fr1!" ftlll flap 'clling is not the best Ier SBD's due to the reduetion of contr 1 and low airs] eed when fin;t air-borne.' Also, what dill' 'renee in take-off run WQU ld be ex.pee led from two-thirds flap to full Bat' at 30 knots
of wind?
",auAe, eOMMEN1-flt!liull~ of Ic>ke-olf le~fi (o"dllcr~d at NAS Anocootia on thl! SBO-S crr" IUITI"'G,I~ed in the o<companyins labl!!'. Followln9 , thn[q,,~ WIU used in the:so!: Ie."', ~, Flop WG$ ut 'Gnd lol(O"olf power wcu Dpplted with otrprane hela by b,ake~. b. Durln9 Ihe ",n, )ail WI'" ri:ll$ed well lip by (I1odeiOfe fore. on con trot" c. Sk"rl1.y befo~ taka-oft .peed wClHellchlTd, Ian WIlS pulled down to maximum pOS'sible ground onslo. T. 0, 17-42 p(e.enh .esults of tollo-off teSt. ... ndueled on Ihe 580-3 u"de. ove.load (ond";~~.. hili tlop was ... lId inllll,"e I,W', bu, it wal found e d~hoble to use f~ted lake-off power until cornplelereltClrtlon (andln9 ge,,' tmd flop. b lIffect..d. Landing seD' should be ,etro(/ed I...medla'ely afte, 10k_If In Qlder ,...rUG" dfOS """I incr........ air ~p"ed prlo. to rvlrod'1l9 Ilops. Son altltud'e'lhould be attain ..d bldor .. b~ ginning '" ,,,InICt Ilap~. w.hlch ..hlluld Ihen be done 1n .'ep~ 10 .. ~"id <I ~harp rodutHon in 11ft II' ""duud air ,.p .. "ds. Caution 15 neees<Dry 10 In.. u.... ihot p.roller flllr<l",rlng con"0111 If oplrafea and Ih(ll nap.: a .... f,,',acted In lntre.

openi ngs up lu 15 degrees may be us d

True IndlClllcd tr,ke-ofi per hour) Takt>-off distance, r.ahn 'l'lIke·!J[ distance. 25-k TWfI-lbird Irlll): 'I'rue Iudieated IIl,kc·oJf per hour) _.
11nke-uJfdl'tu)'Ice. '1'111 e-olf distance,

72.

I)

IreefJ. - wiud (ft1eO

780
310

69.5 7:10 275

81
I,OHi MiO

~[Il~ed (miles ii6 GO

l55

72,

I)

calm (reel) __ 2fi-k wir~d (fel'O

770 3'05

83~1 1,090
500

_--'._--

avoided betau". (ully of gaining Iroelin!l Ihips.

lakln[J off and

of low role o·f <limb Gnd cllm. ollljud ... during period 01 re5ho.I",1 100lt1l d}slance for dear;"g 011 obolod.. would

probably lie rea(hed with ule <of partial flop d"I1",,'ion. ilJe~t oi .Iols ond flop. In I(lh .... off ond .andlOg i. dl$(U'S,sed.rn 1. N. 4~-36.

Snatch Pickup Gear Experimental Model Now on Way

' 'to

0'

'0

sy .tern ibllities Ior pick-up of gliders fmm small fields was e::rnpl«3yedrecently by Proje t eorge personnel after a bToken towlin forced the landing of Army Air Forces LR W-l glider, assigned t(l Naval AifO"dft Factory, in a limited Ii Jd near Lilly, Fa. Th • gljder suffered minor damage to 'Starboard wmg when the loW rope snapped back. Repair to wing were made in field by Project George, but size of field prevented towing the glider out by conventional means. Neapest, uitable location (or landing lUg was 'the CAA emergency field at Martinsburg (Cov Van y}, Fa. NAF,
PULL.AllliQ>lliJ\.-

off ring tn mendeus p

ments,

For bal 'e.suits, RIlIP ... nlng, fa, lak",.oiJ '1'111.1 btt ",odHled In O(~o,don<e wOth experience and l"dgmOtll booed on op""";nS ~ondltjDI'U. su~h .u MlndllToll. lOr lIeld, '"o.d <(I'fled, etc. Mo.;mum role of dlmb l~ rial obtelil'l9d wi,h ,h e 11,,1' i-..ttrng Ihal $1,~e;;I"M~ltok ... olf ''\I,n ,,, .. ,, Ihe carrier or ground. MClximum LID rgno;> .. nd b~st ,.ola or climb ofjel !(Ike-off- a." ablAlned wilh flop fuli,. reol,a.II>d. IUn of full Aap 'or lake-off Ifom a.eos WlI~al,,"uctions In I.." nea, vlt1nilyshould be'

Glider Snatched From field From Army iT Forces it W;M learned that a C-47 (R4D-l) with an All Amedcan Aviation snatch pick-up gear was availnbl at Wil· mlngton, Del. Arrangements were quic'kly completed and ground equipment was flown 10 Cove ai'Pi k-up plane, after surve:yhtg the situation from the air, made one

pass through the ground station, snatched the glider from thf' field, and delivered ~I to Cove Valley without incident, Take-oft' .run was pproximatcly 150 feet, acceleration 0.9 G. It is understood that an experimental snatch pick-up winrh is b jng procured by BuAer for tests by Projeet George. Since this ,,,inch has not been proven by actual tests, and since it will be ne &<:ary to d vclop techniqu and equipment [I'll' operation, the recommendation ha been offered thin the Bllt ao obtain a 12.000-1b. pick-up unit, 11Qw being manufactured in quantity for Arm' Air Forces 1 y All American Aviation, '0 that a backround of experienc can b . built up before winch ill delivered.
c

le ,then by auto to the glider. The

COMMeNT~T"e Bu, .. au conwi r h ,,,commendations. A'rmy'~ ul1r~ a." how op.erarin,g dallY', ~glng tOU"1'11> work. AAF has 250 unlit fin o.des ond will olloea'l! ono fa, Nov., lose. ,II," Ame.lc(ln Avicllion wlUbe asked 10 molee 1""lallqllon. Howllvet, the Winch belns b.!lllt experlm~rdolly for fhe Navy, lOUIS hyd.a,,111 b,·aking adiC>A !ndead 01 '<itlio" and praml51!s 10 be superior to Ih" AAF un ii,

c,,,.

..

BuA,ulf

31

CHANGE IN NATIONAL INSIGNIA

The color Red has been removed from the national insignia for all U. aircraft. Insignia Blue takes irs place, as shown in the reproduccion above. Red bad previously been incorporated in the design in order to complete dlC national colors, Irs removal now is based upon the objection of aviators in the South Pacifi.ctu the use of Red because of possib le confusion with (he Japanese rising- sun

s..

insignia., which is Red.