Oracle Server 11g R1

installation on Linux OS
PDA-Assignment 1

DCN08C3-0599
2/13/2011
Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

Oracle Server 11g Release 1 on CentOS

In this document, I will describe briefly the required steps in order to install the Oracle Server
11g Release 1 on CentOS.

Pre-Installation Requirements [1]:

You can follow the following steps to check whether your system contains the required
configurations to install the Oracle Server.

Hardware
Memory:

To check the system for the Physical Memory type:

#grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

There should be at least 1GB of RAM to install the Oracle Server.

Swap Space
With the following command check the Swap Space [2], it is an area on disk that temporarily
holds a process memory image.
#grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

The following table describes the relationship between installed RAM and the configured swap
space requirement:

Available RAM Swap Space Required

Between 1GB and 2GB 1.5 times the size of RAM
Between 2GB and 16GB Equal to the size of RAM
More than 16GB 16GB

System Architecture

To determine whether the system architecture can run the software, enter the following
command:

# uname -m

This command displays the processor type. If your processor speed is greater than 550MHz,
then it can support the oracle installation.
Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

Disk Space Requirements

The following are the disk space requirements for installing Oracle Database 11g Release 1:

o Between 150 and 200 MB of disk space in the /tmp directory

To determine the amount of disk space available in the /tmp directory, enter the
following command:

# df -k /tmp

o There should be at least 400MB in this directory. Otherwise please choose

another directory or free memory space.
o To determine the amount of free disk space on the system, enter the following
command:

# df k

The following table describes the disk space requirements for software files for each installation
type on CentOS

Installation Type Disk Space for Data Files (GB)

Enterprise Edition 1.68

Standard Edition 1.48

Custom (maximum) 2.14

Recommended Hardware Requirement for SQL Developer

The following table lists the recommended Memory and Display requirements for SQL
Developer.

Resource Recommended

Memory 1 GB RAM (recommended), 256 MB RAM (min)

Display 65536 colors, set to at least 1024 X 768 resolution

Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

Software
Operating System

CENT OS is compatible with the Oracle Server 11g R1. These are the other releases of Linux
x86 and Linux x86-64 that is compatible with this Oracle version:

Asianux 2 SP2
Asianux 3
Oracle Linux 4
Oracle Linux 5
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10

To determine the distribution and version of Linux installed, enter the following command:

# cat /proc/version

Kernel Requirements

The required Kernel to install Oracle Server 11g R1 is a kernel that is 2.6.18 or later. The
CentOS s kernel is 2.6.19.1.

To determine whether the required kernel is installed, enter the following command:

# uname r

Package Requirements
The following are the list of packages required for Oracle Database 11g Release 1 (11.1).

The following packages are required for Oracle to be installed on CentOS.

binutils
compat-libstdc++
elfutils-libelf
elfutils-libelf-devel
glibc
glibc-common
glibc-devel
glibc-headers
gcc
Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

gcc-c++
libaio-devel
libaio
libgcc
libstdc++
libstdc++
make
sysstat
unixODBC
unixODBC-devel

Most of the packages are not installed by default. To check whether the required packages have
been installed, enter the following commands:

o Command: rpm -q package_name

If a package is not installed, then install it using following command.

o Command: yum -y install package_name

Ex: This is shows you how to install some missing packages in CentOS

yum -y install compat-libstdc++-296.i386

yum -y install yum -y install
yum -y install elfutils-libelf-devel.i386
yum -y install glibc-devel.i386
yum -y install glibc-headers.i386
yum -y install gcc.i386
yum -y install gcc-c++.i386
yum -y install libaio-devel.i386
yum -y install sysstat.i386
yum -y install yum -y install
yum -y install unixODBC-devel.i386

Browser
Netscape Navigator 7.1
Netscape Navigator 8.1
Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 SP2
Microsoft Internet Explorer 7.0
Firefox 1.0.4
Firefox 1.5
Safari 2.0
Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

Pre-Installation Configurations [3]

Create and Edit Users

The Oracle database requires you to create operating groups and users. The groups and users
required to create are: dba, oinstall group and oracle user.

To create the above groups and users, enter the following command at the root:

#groupadd oinstall

#groupadd dba

#useradd m g oinstall G dba oracle

#passwd oracle

Enter the following command to check whether the oracle user belongs to the oinstall and dba
groups.

#id oracle

It should give a result like :

uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba)

Create Directories
Oracle need directories to store the following files: Data Files and Configuration Files.

First of all you need to create the folder /u01 and assign access rights to it:

# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0

# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app

# chmod -R 775 /u01/app

Set Environment Variables

Log into the system using oracle user. Then edit file /home/oracle/.bash_profile and insert the
following line:

#environment for oracle

Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.1.0/fsrv

ORACLE_SID=fsrvorcl

PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export

ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH CLASSPATH

Configure the Kernel

Using gedit to add below information to file /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.file-max = 6553600

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default = 4194304

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 262144

net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144

net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304

Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

Checking result, enter command to change the current values of the kernel:

# /sbin/sysctl p

Enter command to confirm that the values are set correctly:

# /sbin/sysctl a

Set shell limits for user oracle

To enhance the performance of the software, you can increase the following shell limits for the
oracle user.

This can be done by opening and editing the /etc/security/limits.conf file and adding the following
information before the end of line.

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

Disable SELinux

Edit file /etc/selinux/config, find SELINUX and change it to

SELINUX=disabled

Now the Oracle Server 11g R1 is ready to be installed into your CentOS.

Installing Oracle Server 11g Release 1

Extract the downloaded zip file into a folder. Open a terminal and go to the following directory.

Orall->database

Once you are in that directory. Type. /installer.

Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

Then the following screen will appear. That is the Oracle Server 11g R1 installation wizard.

We will choose the Basic Installation for the sake of the assignment. Check the Oracle Base
Location to see if it is in the directory that we created.

Also the installation type should be Enterprise Edition and the UNIX DBA Group should be dba.

You must check the Create Starter Database. This will ensure that there will be a default
database that we can use right after the installation. You must provide a Global Database Name
and a good password.

After setting these things up. Click Next.

Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

You need to specify your Inventory directory. The location should be set to
/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory. Accept the default Operating System group name, oinstall. Then,
click next to continue.

After clicking next, the system will take a while till it moves on to the next screen. This is
because it checks your system for the minimum requirements. If you have followed the steps
carefully till now, there will be no errors shown, otherwise if an error appears, please correct it
and move on by clicking Next.
Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

The next screen will be the Oracle Configurations Manager. It allows you to associate your
configuration information with your Metalink account.
Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

This is not really important therefore you can click Next to go to the Summary
Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

This screen is just a summary of all the features and settings that you have configured in the
installation wizard. At this point you can re-check the configurations and if anything needs to be
changed, you can go back and make that change before clicking on install.

If everything seems to be ok, you can click Install to begin the installation.
Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

The above screen shows the installation progress, once this is 100% complete, the Configure
Assistant screen will show.
Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

Then the Database Configuration Assistant:

Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

After the database has been created the following screen will show.
Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

In this screen, click on Password Management. With the Password management, you can assign
passwords to the users.
Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3
08C3-0599

Click OK to set the passwords.

Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

On the above screen, as it has instructed, you must Open a terminal and log in as Root and run
the scripts.

After that, Click OK on that screen to continue.

Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

Now the installation is complete. You can click on Exit; it will prompt you to make sure you are
OK with the exit. Click YES.
Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

Post-installation configurations

After the Oracle server installation, it is good to restart the whole system. After restarting open
the created database.

Set Environment Variables

After restarting the machine, log in as oracle user. Before you start the Oracle Database you must
first set some Environment variables. These must be entered into a terminal:

#export ORACLE_SID = orcl

#export ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
#export PATH = $PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

Connect to Oracle
We have to connect to Oracle after setting the environment variables. This can be done using the
following commands:

#sqlplus /nolog

Log in as sysdba
Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3
08C3-0599

Start-up
up and Shutdown of a Database
atabase Server using scripts

You can start up the database using the startup keyword.

We can configure the .bashrc file in the /home/oracle directory to automatically set the
environment variables whenever you open a new terminal. This is shown below:

To shutdown the database, use shutdown normal keyword,

keyword, but that is just to shutdown the
database normally. Then there is the shutdown immediate
immediate to shutdown
Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

Start-up and Shutdown of a Database Server using GUI

In order to start the Oracle Database using the graphical user interface, you must have a browser
installed in your system. Then you must also start the listener and the OEM Database Control.
Enter the following to do that:

$ su - oracle # emctl start dbconsole

# lsnrctl start
# sqlplus / as sysdba
> startup open

The open the browser and enter the URL. A page like the one below will appear and request for a
username and password. Enter the username and password that we created during setup.

If the log in was successful you would be brought to the page below:
Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3
08C3-0599

You can see from the above page, that the database instance is currently offline/stopped.
offline/stopped. You can
click on the startup button to start the ddatabase.
atabase.

After clicking the startup button, you would be brought to a page like the one below. Enter the
credentials and click on OK.
Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3
08C3-0599

After clicking OK, the following page will appear.

It will briefly describe what action you are going to perform, and ask you if you are sure of the
actions that you are about to perform. Click Yes if everything is ok.

It will take a while for the database to load. Within that time you will see a small screen with a
Please Wait sign.

After successful startup of the data

database,
base, you will see the following page.
Proactive Database Administration Assignment 01
DCN-08C3-0599

Referrences

[1]http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/install.111/b32002/pre_install.htm#BABBA
CFH

[2] http://docs.hp.com/en/B2355-90672/ch06s02.html

[3]http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/install.111/b32002/pre_install.htm#BABBA
CFH
This document was created with Win2PDF available at http://www.daneprairie.com.
The unregistered version of Win2PDF is for evaluation or non-commercial use only.