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History

The beginnings of the Tata Group can be traced back to 1868,[13] when Jamsetji Nusserwanji
Tata established a trading company dealing incotton in Bombay (now Mumbai), British India.[14] This was
followed by the installation of 'Empress Mills' in Nagpur in 1877. Taj Mahal Hotelin Bombay (now Mumbai)
was opened for business in 1903. Sir Dorab Tata, the eldest son of Jamsetji Tata became the chairman
of the group after his father's death in 1904. Under him, the group ventured into steel production (1905)
and hydroelectric power generation(1910). After the death of Dorab Tata in 1934, Nowroji
Saklatwala headed the group till 1938. He was succeeded by Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata. The group
expanded significantly under him with the establishment of Tata Chemicals (1939), Tata Motors, Tata
Industries (both 1945),Voltas (1954), Tata Tea (1962), Tata Consultancy Services (1968) and Titan
[15]
Industries (1984). Ratan Tata, the incumbent chairman of the group succeeded JRD Tata in 1991. c


c (Hindi: r r
) is an Indian multinational conglomerate company headquartered in

[3]
the Bombay House in Mumbai, India. In terms of market capitalization and revenues, Tata Group is the
largest private corporate group in India t has interests in communications and information technology,
engineering, materials, services, energy, consumer products and chemicals. The Tata Group has
operations in more than 80 countries across six continents and its companies export products and
services to 80 nations. The Tata Group comprises 114 companies and subsidiaries in eight business
[4]
sectors, 27 of which are publicly listed. 65.8% of the ownership of Tata Group is held in charitable
[5]
trusts. Companies which form a major part of the group include Tata Steel (including Tata Steel
Europe), Tata Motors (includingJaguar and Land Rover), Tata Consultancy Services, Tata
Technologies, Tata Tea (including Tetley), Tata Chemicals, Titan Industries, Tata Power, Tata
Communications, Tata Sohe group takes the name of its founder, Jamsedji Tata, a member of whose
family has almost invariably been the chairman of the group. The current chairman of the Tata group
is Ratan Tata, who took over from J. R. D. Tata in 1991 and is one of the major international business
figures in the age of globality.[6] The company is currently in its fifth generation of family
stewardship.[7]TATA Group's 114 companies are held by its main Company Tata Sons and the main
owner of this Tata Sons is not Ratan Tata but various charitable organizations developed and run by
TATA Group.Out of which JRD TATA Trust & Sir Ratan Tata Trust are the main.65% ownership of Tata
Sons which is the key holding company of the other 114 Tata Group Company is held by various
charitable organizations.[8]

The 2009 annual survey by the Reputation Institute ranked Tata Group as the 11th most reputable
company in the world.[9] The survey included 600 global companies. The Tata Group has helped establish
and finance numerous quality research, educational and cultural institutes in India.
ns, Tata Teleservices and the Taj Hotels.\

Corporate Social Responsibility

Ratan Tata, the chairman of Tata Group; noted philanthropist.

Ratan Tata has thought of many ways to help society before and after the Mumbai bombings in 2008.
One Tata project that brought together Tata Group companies (TCS, Titan Industries and Tata
Chemicals) was developing a compact, in-home water-purification device. It was called Tata swachwhich
means ³clean´ in Hindi and would cost less than 1000 rupees ($21). The idea of Tata swach was thought
of from the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean, which left thousands of people without clean drinking
water. This device has filters that last about a year long for a family of five. It is a low-cost product
available for millions of Indians who have no access to safe drinking water in their homes.[19] The
advantage of this device is that it does not require the use of electricity.[20]

TCS also designed and donated an innovative software package that teaches illiterate adults how to read
in 40 hours. ³The children of the people who have been through our literacy program are all in school,´
says Pankaj Baliga, global head of corporate social responsibility for TCS. Tata adheres to a philosophy
of providing some of the poorest people in the world with products that improve their future (and those of
their children) at values they can afford, while maintaining enough profit to keep the company
competitive.[19]

In 1912, Tata Group expanded their current CEO¶s concept of community philanthropy to be included in
the workplace. They instituted an eight-hour workday, before any other company in the world. In 1917,
they recommend a medical-services policy for Tata employees. The company would be among the first
worldwide to organize modern pension systems, workers¶ compensation, maternity benefits, and profit-
[19]
sharing plans.

In general, about 66% of the profits of Tata Group go to charity and executives made it clear that they
[21]
have no intention of leaving control to Wall Street. The charitable trusts of Tata Group fund a variety of
projects, for example the Tata Swach and the TCS project. They founded and still support such cherished
institutions as the Indian Institute of Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, the National Centre
for the Performing Arts and the Tata Memorial Hospital. Each Tata Group company channels more than 4
percent of its operating income to the trusts and every generation of Tata family members has left a larger
portion of its profit to them. This makes the Tata family evidently less wealthy as individuals than other
[19]
Indian family-owned companies.

Green environment projects, donations, and charity are all examples of ways that companies support
their community. Ratan Tata¶s gesture after the 2008 Mumbai Attacks was humanitarian; he supported
many people in India. He made sure that all the employees were treated on duty during the time the Taj
hotel was closed; although the hotel was closed, salaries were still sent by money order. About 1600
employees were provided food, water, sanitation and first aid through employee outreach centers. Ratan
Tata personally visited families of all the employees that were affected. The employee¶s relatives were
flown to Mumbai from outside areas and were all accommodated in Hotel President for 3 weeks and
taken care of. Going beyond taking care of their employees and dependents, Tata also covered
compensation for railway employees, police staff, and pedestrians. The market vendors and shop owners
were given care and assistance after the attacks. A psychiatric institution was established with the Tata
Group of Social Science to counsel those who were affected from the attacks and needed help. Tata also
granted the education of 46 children of the victims of the terrorist attacks.[22][23] ³The whole approach was
that the organization would spend several hundred crore (Indian currency for $10 million) in re-building
the property ± why not spend equally on the employees who gave their life?´[22][23] Tata Group is an
organization with a unique DNA. The organization has always said that customers and guests
c