Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Mobile Communications
Manuel P. Ricardo
GSM
MM-3GPP 4
4 types of handover
1
2 3 4
MS MS MS MS
MSC MSC
Handover decision
handover
margin
HO_MARGIN
MS MS
BTSold BTSnew
MM-3GPP 6
OLD NEW
MS BTS BSC MSC BSC BTS
measurement measurement
report result
HO decision
HO required HO request
resource allocation
ch. activation
HO complete HO complete
clear command clear command
Location update
♦ MS is aware of location
» BTS broadcasts Location Area Identification (LAI) on BCCH
» SIM stores current LAI and TMSI
location update
request location update
request
(old LAI/TMSI sent) request IMSI
send IMSI
send IMSI
cancellation
cancellation confirmed
confirmed
MM-3GPP 9
Location update
Channel activity at radio interface
BTS MS
BCCH System parameters and other overhead idle updated
successful access
AGCH Assign stand alone dedicated control channel
SRES confirmed
SDCCH Request to transmit in cipher mode switch to cipher mode
new TMSI sent SDCCH Location update confirmed store LAI/TMSI in SIM
(optional)
Acknowledge new location SDCCH
GPRS, 2G
(3GPP TS 23.060)
MM-3GPP 11
Mobility Management
♦ Micro Mobility
– Terminal moves between cells under control of the same SGSN
1 SGSN n RAs; 1 RA n cells
– Mobility is managed by the SGSN
– New terminal position is not communicated to other network elements (GGSN, HLR)
♦ Macro Mobility
– Terminal moves between cells under control of different SGSNs
– New SGSN requests PDP Contexts (session descriptors) to old SGSN
– New SGSN requests GGSN to update the forwarding tables (L2 tunnels)
– SGSN updates HLR
MM-3GPP 14
Micromobility -
Routing Area Actualization (Intra SGSN)
MS BSS SGSN
2. Security Functions
C1
4. Routeing Area Update Complete
1. Routeing Area Update Request (P-TMSI, old RAI, P-TMSI Signature, Update Type)
Update Type indicates RA update or periodic RA update.
2. Security functions may be executed
3. The SGSN validates the MS's presence in the new RA.
If all checks are successful, the SGSN can reallocate a new P-TMSI.
A Routeing Area Update Accept (P-TMSI, P-TMSI Signature) is returned to the MS
4. If P-TMSI was reallocated, the MS acknowledges the new P-TMSI by returning a
Routeing Area Update Complete message to the SGSN.
MM-3GPP 15
C2
S M
11. Routeing Area Update Accept G
S
C3
12. Routeing Area Update Complete
MM-3GPP 16
Soft Handover
MM-3GPP 18
• No extra
transmissions in
networks
• Rake receiver
• Additional
diversity gain
MM-3GPP 19
GSM UMTS
MSC MSC UMSC UMSC UMSC
PMM- PMM-
D E TA C H E D D E TA C H E D
D etac h, D etac h,
P S D et ac h P S A ttac h R ejec t, P S D et ac h P S A ttac h R ejec t,
P S A tt ac h R A U R ej ec t P S A tt ac h R A U R ej ec t
S erv in g R N C
reloc ation
M S M M S ta te s 3 G -S G S N M M S ta te s
MM-3GPP 22
♦ PMM-IDLE state
» The MS location known; accuracy of a Routeing Area
» Paging needed
» MS performs Routeing Area update if RA changes
♦ PMM-CONNECTED state
» MS location known with an accuracy of a serving RNC
» MS location tracked by serving RNC
MM-3GPP 23
C1
3
6. SRNS Data Forward Command
7. Forward Packets
8. Forward Packets
C2
C3
HLR/AuC HLR/AuC
GGSN GGSN
old MSC/VLR old SGSN new SGSN new MSC/VLR old MSC/VLR old SGSN new SGSN new MSC/VLR
MS MS
1. Decision to perform
SRNS relocation
4. Relocation Request
C1
6. Relocation Command
7. Forwarding of data
8. Relocation Commit
9. Relocation Detect
10. RAN Mobility Information
C3
MM-3GPP 28
HLR/AuC HLR/AuC
GGSN GGSN
old MSC/VLR old SGSN new SGSN new MSC/VLR old MSC/VLR old SGSN new SGSN new MSC/VLR
MS MS
Before Combined Hard Handover and After Combined Hard Handover and
SRNS Relocation and Routeing Area Update SRNS Relocation and Routeing Area Update
MS Source Target Old New MM-3GPP
GGSN
29
RNC RNC SGSN SGSN
2. Relocation Required
and SRNS Relocation Procedure 3. Forward Relocation Request
4. Relocation Request
C1
6. Relocation Command
7. Forwarding of data
8. RRC message
9. Forward SRNS Context
9. Forward SRNS Context
8. RRC message
C3