Text Types

Text Type Social purpose Structure Grammatical Features

Exposition To persuade/one side Thesis-states Connectives: across whole

Public speeches, lectures, of the argument. To authors position text
essays, editorials, express an opinion. arguments- Clarifying-for example
advertisements, radio. comprises of a Cause effect-consequently
series of points and Time-finally
Discussions use the To consider multiple elaboration Sequencing ideas-to begin
same language features- perspectives and reinforcement of with
see it from both points of persuade the reader thesis-sums up Adding information-in
view but aim to persuade to adopt the authors position addition
reader to think in a recommendations and arguments Conditional-otherwise
particular way. based on the raised. Concessional-despite this,
evidence. however
Conjunctions: join clauses
Additives-and
Time
Cause effect-because, so
Condition/contrast
Clarifying-therefore
Nominalisation (actions
become things). Eg. ‘to
pollute’ becomes ‘pollution’

Explanation To explore how Title Technical language

things works or how Phenomena Use of words such as because,
Geography, science, something came to be identification as a result, to establish cause
English. - to explain Explanation and effect.
phenomena sequence-how Time linking words, after,
things work following, then, initially.
Simple present tense to give a
sense of timelessness.
Relating verbs.
Action verbs
Nominalisation (actions
become things). Eg. ‘to
pollute’ becomes ‘pollution’
 Text Type Social purpose Structure Grammatical Features

Recount Retell past events. Title Adjectives

Occur on news, radio, in
conversations, in letters,
current affair programmes,
public speeches, school
reports.
Record events. Orientation-who, Action verbs in past tense
To inform, entertain. where, what. Personal pronouns
Series of events-the Adverbials of time, place.
retelling of the events Evaluative language-“it was a
in sequence fantastic day.”

Information Report Classify and describe. Title Technical language

To inform. Classification Present tense
Are essentially descriptions To describe. Descriptions, usually Generalized eg. Frogs, not a
for science, geography, begins with a topic single frog.
history, creative arts, sentence. Relating verbs
English-to describe Nominalisation
characters and settings from Third person
a novel

Procedures, written Give directions, tell Heading, title Timeless presence

instructions how, teach something List of materials, Absence of personal pronouns
Recipes, operator manuals new. ingredients adverbials
Series of
steps(additional
suggestions0
Visual aids

Narrative Tom entertain Orientation Adjectives

Stories, cartoons. Motivate Complications Past tense
Teach Resolution Adverbials time, place