IK2510

Wireless Networks

Fall 2010

IK2510 Wireless Networks fall 2010 1 Dept. of Communication Systems

Wireless visions
- yesterday and tomorrow

• 1980
– “One mobile communication systems for all needs”
• 1990
– “Broadband video and entertainment on the beach”
• 2000
– Affordable & easy to use services
• 2010 (?)
– Disappearing technology
– User installed networks
– Competitive network access

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 Key Trend 1:

Much more for (even) less

3 Dept. of Communication Systems

The Long term Vision:

Wireless - A “Disappearing” Technology
Penetration Vanishing (”Hidden”) technology

”Everyone” has it

Exclusive

Time
Mobile access
anytime – anywhere Personal & home ”Things that communicate”
networks

1 device/person 10 devices/person 100-1000 devices/person

Dept. of Communication Systems

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 Trend 1: (Much) More for less
First fixed IP access – then mobile access
Vision 2000
• Mobile Web-browsing – the multimedia
service platform
• Interactive information services
• Streaming audio/video
• Rich exponentially growing content
• Adapted to small terminals
+ Location & context aware services
+ Same price as mobile telephony

TODAYs reality:
• Same price as home-ADSL
• Mobile telephony prices dropping
• Take-off was delayed – but
happening now

5 Dept. of Communication Systems

Traffic volumes rapidly increasing

Volume

• Flat rate tariffs create Traffic

data traffic boom
• Typical users:
– EDGE 50 MB/month Revenue gap
– HSPA 800 MB/month

• Revenues are not

following. Example: Revenue
Data traffic + 300%
Revenues +11%

(”major operator data”)

Voice dominated Data dominated Time

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 Why is it so expensive ?

The 4 cost drivers

• High bandwidth C system

∝ Buser Aservice f (Q)
• Wide Area N user

• High speed mobility &

lossless handover
• Real time/low delay

1 Mbit/s at GSM service quality

50-100 times more expensive

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Key Trend 2:

Bits are just bits and can be

produced anywhere –
now also in the mobile domain!

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 Open IP access- ”Intelligence Outside”

The Walled Garden The Outback

Service n

Service 2
Content
Service 3
provider
Service 1

”Intelligent
Network” IMS Content
provider ”Dumb”
IP-
Service 2
Service 3 Service n connectivity
Service 1

User
Terminal
User
Terminal
• High QoS • End-end principle
• Simple Terminals • Best effort
• Low flexibility • High flexibility
• High cost • Low cost
• Required for new demanding applications • Mature application platforms

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Computing in the cloud

”Infinite” bandwidth

Arbitrary distribution and physical

location of resources:
– Computation
– Storage
– Sensors
– ….

Services not tied to neither networks nor access

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 The changing value chain
Affecting industry players

consumers

Telco
vendors operator
’90s and before
today and the future
evolved users

Telco
vendors operator

Dept. of Communication Systems

Mobile services .. ”over the top”

• Sufficient mobile bandwidth:

• Services ”over the top” (IP)
• No need for networked
services
• New Actors:
– Apple (Appstore)
– Google (Android Market)
• New Service paradigm
– Try & Buy
• Death of SMS, Voice ..?
(Google Talk ?)

Dept. of Communication Systems

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 New global ways of making business

• Service global marketNew

– English – the new ”lingua franca”

• Indirect revenue streams

– ”Free services”
– ”Get the users – the money will follow”

• User participation
– Web 2.0 Content provisioning
– Revenue sharing

Dept. of Communication Systems

Key Trend 3:

User experience matters

Dept. of Communication Systems

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 AT&T’s iMess: now
• Underestimation of iPhone uptake:
– Expected 1% share of the global market (10M
units) for 2008, Up to today to 14% of the
global smartphone market.
• Underestimation of iPhone data
consumption:
– 6 times the data volumes of feature phones.
• Severe coverage and capacity problems in
all major cities.
– 30$ compensation on iTunes for activation
delays with 3GS.
• Failing user expectations has led to loss of
brand value

Dept. of Communication Systems

AT&T’s iMess: what’s next?

• Blocking or limiting users’ data consumption:
– 1% of smartphone customers accounts for 20% of the data drain on
AT&T’s network, while the top 3% uses up to 40%.
 Drawback: high customers dissatisfaction
• Blocking or limiting data intensive services or apps:
– YouTube alone represents roughly 35% of the iPhone data volume
 Drawback: Net neutrality issues.

Dept. of Communication Systems

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 This course:
What are the technical challenges?

Dept. of Communication Systems

Wireless Networks
- what are the technical issues ?

Wireless Access Network

• Wireless system
– Infrastructure
• Base stations (RAPs)
• Fixed network
• Terminals

Performance
• Coverage requirements
• Service requirements

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Wireless Networks - key problems

“The struggle against nature..”

– Range
– Coverage

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Range/Coverage factors

• Topography
• Receiver location
• Receiver performance
• Transmitter Power
• Antenna height &
performance
• Data rate /Bandwidth

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 New radio technology ?

BW

Future
100M Radios ?
More received power
?
10M
LTE?

Broadcast Equicost/Equipower
1M
HSDPA line
systems
BT
100K UMTS
WLAN

10K
GSM Satellite
Coverage/mobility
Indoo Local Wide area Global
r
• New radio technologies no direct replacement for 2/3G systems
• Data rate not limited by technology – but by deployment density

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The street light analogy

Why are parts of Sweden dark at night ?

– Technical limitations ?
– User demand ?
– Economical limitations ?

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Wireless Networks - problems cont.

• “The social struggle ..”

– Interference due to spectrum reuse
– Capacity limitation

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Wireless Networks Analysis

Multiple transmitters - Multiple

receivers
Complex propagation pattern

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 What is this course about ?

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Traffic volumes rapidly increasing

Volume

• Flat rate tariffs create Traffic

data traffic boom
• Typical users:
– EDGE 50 MB/month Revenue gap
– HSPA 800 MB/month

• Revenues are not

following. Example: Revenue
Data traffic + 300%
Revenues +11%

(”major operator data”)

Voice dominated Data dominated Time

26 Dept. of Communication Systems

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 Wireless Mobile Broadband Access

• Always connected
– Interactive information services
– Streaming audio/video
– High data rates
– Good user experience
• Can we get it ?
• Can we afford it ?
• What are the bottlenecks ?

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Lowering cost ?

Mobility focus
sacrifice bandwidth

Fixed/Portable
sacrifice mobility
? Best effort
Best Experience
sacrifice trad. QoS/coverage

Heterogeneous
sacrifice simplicity

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 What will you learn in this course?

Principles of wireless resource management

• Design principles for wireless & cellular systems

• Performance - Power - Cost relationships
• Analysis tools & methods

• How some real systems work (GSM, WCDMA…)

• Introduction to multi –rate/-access/-operator RRM
• Introduction to wireless infrastructure economics

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Relation to other courses

IK2500
Radio Comm bc
IK2555
Wireless & Mobilee
Network Architectures

IK2510
IK2508 Wireless Networks
Wireless Transmission

IK2514
IK2511 Wireless Infrastructure
Projects in Mobile Deployment & Economics
Networks (WIDE)

IK2510Wireless Networks fall2010 30 Dept. of Communication Systems

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