The Study of Master Plan

on Comprehensive Urban Transport

in Vientiane, Capital in Lao PDR
Japan International Cooperation Agency
Katahira & Engineers International
April 2008

Public Transport II
By T. Toda

1
 Major Topics
1. Share Mode in 2007
2. Planning Concept and Policy
3. Planning Flow
4. Target of Public Transport
5. Public Transport Plan
6. Bus Development
7. Implementation Plan
8. Railway Transport Plan

2
 1.Trip Share in 2007
Trip Share in 2007

Car
500,000
Public Transport
450,000
Motor Cycle
400,000
Walk
350,000
300,000
Trip

250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
Home Work School Others
Purpose

3
 2.Planning Object & Concept
• Overall Objectives
– Improvement of mobility and accessibility of
Public Transport
– Support of Environmentally Sustainable
Transport by promoting Public Transport

4
 2. Higher Service Quality
(Level Of Service)
(1) Mobility
• To save travel time and cost in public transport
• To provide alternative public transport means
(2) Accessibility
• To increase coverage area by a new public transport
network
(3) Transport Environment
• To mitigate traffic congestion and reduce traffic accident
• To reduce transport pollution and improve urban
transport related environment
• To reduce traffic accidents

5
 2. Level of Service Improvement
(Availability)
Measure Present LOS Target LOS
Frequency C: 4 routes including A~B: Express route
university route: waiting 15 C: Local routes
minutes C: Feeder routes
D~F: others: Service
unattractive to choice riders
Hour of D: mostly 6:00am to B: Express routes
Services 17:30pm (13.5 hours) 16~18 hours
service hours C: Others: 13~16
hours
Service 49.6km2 and 13% of 381.9 126km2 and 33%
Coverage km2. 6
 2. Level of Service Improvement
[Comfort and Convenience]

Measures Present LOS Target LOS

Reliability D~F: no bus B~C: Two late buses per month
time table at or one late bus per week
bus stops •Securing reliability by on- time
performance
•Increase of travel time
Amenities D~E: C~D: all passengers can sit
maximum during daytime
scheduled •Improvement of riding quality
loading •Provision of amenities at transit
stops
7
 Chap. 16
Total Future Trip (2.0 million trips in 2025)
Transport Policy
3. Public Transport Promotion Policy
-Reduce of Motor
Cycle

Planning Target of Public Transport Share

- Public Transport
Promotion
- R/C Hieraruchical

Flow (770 thousand trips in 2025) Road Network

Determination of Modal Land Use & Traffic

Share (Target) Demand Management
LEGEND

LRT/Street exist
Bus Paratransit Urban Train
Tram plan

Traffic Demand construction

Proposed Public Transport System
Management Plan

Mode Network & Others

1. Bus 1.Modal Change System 1. Modal Change

2. Paratransit 2. Fare and System 2. Area Control
3. LRT 3. Public Transport Industry 3. Tax and Pricing
4. Urban Train 4. Institutional Development 4. Regulation

Public Transport Development Plan 8

4. Target of Public Transport

Targeted share of Public Transport

in 2025 will be 40%

¾Control of Passenger Car Share

¾Reduction of Motor Cycle Use

9
 4. Staging Share Targets
Yea Car Motorcycle Trip Public
Transp
ort
Purpose Work Work School All

2007 (%) - - - 3.9%

2013 - 5% - 15% - 40% 15%

2018 -10% -35% -70% 25%

2025 -30% -75% -70% 40%

10
 4. Staging Share Targets
Modal Share (5)

100%

80%

60% Public Transport

Car
40% Motor Cycle
Walk
20%

0%
2007 2013 2018 2025
Year

11
 4. Staged Trips Target

Mode 2007 2013 2018 2025

Walk 241,268 25% 276,109 22 308,991 20 349,556 18

M/C 572,739 60% 625,728 51 589,646 39 460,894 24

Car 106,199 11% 149,474 12 227,772 15 351,794 18
Public 37,427 4% 187,655 15 382,615 25 766,675 40
Transport
Total 957,633 100% 1,238,966 100 1,509,024 100 1,928,919 100

12
 4. Staged Trips Target
Modal Share
Public Transport
2,000,000 Car
Motor Cycle
1,800,000
Walk
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
2007 2013 2018 2025
Year

13
 5. PUBLIC TRANSPORT PLAN

[Land Use]
• Public transport-favorable/oriented land use
[Traffic Demand Management and Control]
• Controlling demand & traffic of private motorized
transport in CBD
[Public Transport Network]
• Hierarchical public transport network and public
transport corridor
[New Mode and System]
• Introducing BRT and LRT
•Urban Commuter on the present railway system
14
 5. Mode Development

(1) Present Pattern

(2) Future Pattern

15
5. New Public Transport Modes

16
 Type of Public Transport Development Plan
Route Bus Bus Network in Tokyo (part) • Possible use and improvement
of existing facilities and system
• Flexible route restructure

Improved Bus System

• Wide range of vehicle capacity:
Small (30) Medium (50 pass.)
and Big (80 pass.)
• Max efficiency with priority
lanes, signals and intersections,
Seoul Bus System Mix traffic and Flexible routing operation system and fare
structure
New Bus(BRT): Priority lane Exclusive lane (Bus Way) • Highly improving of capacity,
reliability and travel speed with
bus running space on road.
• Exclusive lanes in CBD and
mix lane in suburb for flexible
BRT

routing
• Maximum use of the improved
bus system with minor new
BRT Curitiba Jakarta BRT facilities
(Source: ITDP) (Source: ITDP) • Capacity of 150 passengers
with two-wagon
LRT (3-Wagons): Mix/Fix Rail Exclusive Way, Kumamoto, • Maximum use of BRT system
Japan with minor system
modification
• Capacity of 240 passengers
LRT

with three-wagon

17
Urban Train (LRT NEWS)
 5.Public
Transport
Plan

18
 5.Public Transport Plan
1. Public Transport (PT) Network
• Establishment of hierarchical public transport network and public transport corridor
2. New Mode System
• Introducing Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and LRT in the Public Transport Corridor
• Introducing Urban Commuter on the present railway system
3. Operation/Management and Environment Issues
• New role of paratransit for community and the disable transport
• Fare system with subsidy and financial and tax policy for Public Transport promotion
• New Public Transport Management Committee for participation of the stakeholders
• Incremental introduction of new public transport mode (BRT/LRT/Urban Railway) in
an implementation program
• Efficient and environment friendly new mode like Hybrid bus and LRT for EST
4. Land Use
• Promotion of public transport usage with public transport favorable and oriented land
use
5. Traffic Demand Management and Control
• Controlling demand & traffic of private motorized transport in CBD
• Transit mole and pedestrian corridors in CBD

19
 Data
1. Bus Flow Distribution 1. Planned
(BU/day/2-dirction) Road Network
2. Planned
2. Future Bus Network Formation
Railway and
(Mobility and Accesibility) Stations
3. Present Bus
3. Bus Route Segment Analysis Netowrk

4. Daily Bus Trips on Segment 6. Required Travelling Time by Segment

(BU/day) Distance (hour)

5. Hourly Demand on Segment 7. Maximum Hourly Supply on Segment

(BU/h) (BU/hour)

8. Comparing Demand and Supply

(D/S)

Selection

8.1 Mass Transit

8.2 Community &
a. Standard Bus (50 p/u)
Paratransit
b. Big Bus (80 p/u))
f. Mini Bus (15 p/u)
c. BRT (150 p/u)
g. Small Bus (30 p/u)
d. LRT (240 p/u)
e. Urban Commuter

9. Public Transport Mode Allocation by Route Segment

10. Caluculation of Total Requred Number by Vehicle

a. Standard Bus f. Mini Bus
b. Big Bus g. Small Bus
c. BRT
d. LRT
( e. Urban Commuter)

11. Hierarchical Public Transport Netowrk

a. Express Bus Route
b. Local Bus Route
c. Feeder Bus Route
On-demand route: Paratransit
(innner zone traffic and the disables)

20
Adjustment
6. Present Bus Route

21
 6. Demand Increase

Year 2013 Year 2018 Year 2025

22
 2

2
11

2
1

6. Bus

2
1
0 0 0

2
0 2
0
0

0
2
2

2
0 1 2
0

3
2
0

0
0

9
2
Volume
4 4 0 0
4
4

7
4 0 0
4 8 8 10
1 4 10 1010

4
5

15 7
3
4
4

0
4

2
5 5 1 4

1 1 3

0
1
1

15
8
6

0
1

0
12 12

8
1

20
1
13
2025
8

11 1
11 0 0

0
1

101
0

11

20
1 1

7
11 1 11

1
1
11

20
10

1 1
3

0
8
7
1

18 1

0
111111
11

3
33

2 2
1
6 6

6
6 7 7 7
11 6 7 9

0
20
0 1010 11 11

3
11
5 9 9
1

14
10
5

6
2

0
1 5

11
2

0
10

0
6
0 6 9

2
2

2
5
6

2 2
3
22 7

10

0 7
3 4 2 22 7
0 0 2 1 4

0
9 1 3 4

731
6 9

1
3 3 33 94 4

3
13 1 0 00

24
3

14
3 13 15 18 17 7 9 9 9 1 0 7

0
2

2
11 11141 9 0 0 0

0 15

15
11 11 14 80

10 42
0

61152
10 101

0
7

9
2
0910

0
9

0
0

1
107 7
88 8 8 9 9 9

1 17 16

16

0
10
1

10
0

0
3
2

15
3
3

0
0
2
1 3

1 16

13
0 0 0

0
0

0
0
1

0
0 0

17 17

14
0

0
1 5 5 5 5
1

8
2
2

0
0
8
5

12

8 8
12

0
12 10

5
5
7

0
7

5 5

0
7

5
5

0
1

12
4 1

3
4

9
4

0
4

6
3
4 4
1 6 6 6

1
1

1
1
LEGEND :

Traffic volume (100 car)

23
 7. Bus Network Alternative

ALT1:ShortRoutesandSimpleNetwork ALT2LongRoutesandComplicatedBus
24
6. Bus
Zone
and
Main
Route

25
 6.
Bus
Net-
work

26
 6. Bus Transport Development

Bus and Route Demand Bus Services

Categories
1. Express More than 1,000 Express Bus with
units/day BRT
2. University - Special service for
Shuttle Bus University
3. Local Bus Route 500 to 1,000 Standard Bus
units/day Service
4. Feeder Bus 1 to 500 Small and Mini
Route units/day Bus service

27
6. Capacityof Public Transport Vehicle (1)

Type Paratransit Mass Transit

Vehicle Mini Bus Small Bus Standard Bus (SB) Big Bus
Passenger/Unit 15 30 50 80
Travel Speed 20Km/h 20Km/h 20Km/h 20Km/h
Maximum Vehicle Capacity: Head: Time 5mits=12 vehicles/ hour, 12 hours/day=144 vehicles/
day
Passenger 12x15= 12x30= 12x50= 12x80=
Capacity(p/h) >180 >360 >600 >960
Daily Pass. Cap. >2,160 >4.320 >7,200 >11,520
(p/d)
Route Feeder Feeder Local Route Local Route
Convert to SB 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.6

28
6. Capacity of Public Transport Vehicle(2)

Type Mass Transit Railway

Vehicle BRT LRT MRT
Passenger/unit 150 240 <240
Travel Speed 40km/h 40km/h 60km/h
Maximum Vehicle Capacity: Head Time 5mits=12 vehicles/ hour, 12 hours/day=144 vehicles/ day
Passenger 12x150x2.0 =>3,600 p/h 12x240x2.0 =>5,760 p/h <5,760 p/h
Capacity (Speed Up 20 to 40km/h) (Speed Up 20 to 40km/h)
Daily Pass. Cap. 3,600x12= 5,760x12= < 69,120
(p/d) >43,200 >69,120
Route Express Route Express Route Present Railway
Convert(Bu) 6.0 9.6 < 9.6

29
6. Required Number of Buses by Type
Required Bus Composiotn 2013
Total 264
Required Bus 2025
Total 379

30

MB
77 SM
SB
0
126 68
BB
BRT MB
LRT
152 SM
58 SB
77 BB
BRT
LRT
Required Bus 2018 30
Total 310
52

120

MB
109
SM
107
SB
BB
MB: Minibus BB : Big Bus
BRT SM: Small Bus BRT: Bus Rapid Transit
LRT
26 56
SB: Standard Bus LRT: Light Railway Transit
30
 6. Required Bus Unit by Year

Bus Number
BRT
Big Bus
400 Standard Bus
350 Small Bus
Mini Bus
300
250
Unit

200
150
100
50
0
2013 2018 2025
Year
31
 6. Bus Priority Treatment
Bus Opearation Option : CBS to Friendship Brigde
KM 1 2 3 4 5 7 9 11 13 15 20
Land Use City Center (within 5km) Sub-urban Rural

Friendship Bridge
Slow Speed by Traffic Congestion High Speed
Express Bus

Major Bus Stop

Major Bus Stop

Interchnage
CBS

Local Bus S S S S S S S S S S S S S S Rural Bus

S S
Feeder Public
Transport
Network

Local Bus
Time

Express Bus

Express Bus

Express Bus Rural Bus

Rural Bus 32
6. Bus Rapid Transit

33
 6.University Shuttle Bus
Bus Opearation Option : CBS to Universty of Laos (the morning peak hour)
KM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Land Use City Center (within 5km) Sub-urban
Slow Speed by Traffic Congestion High Speed
Express Bus

Major Bus Stop

Major Bus Stop

Interchnage
CBS

UCL
Local Bus S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
S S
Feeder Public
Transport
Network

Local Bus
Time

Express Bus

Express Bus

Express Bus

34
6.University Shuttle Bus

35
 7. Implementation Program
Stage Main Components Cost (US$)

Short (~2013) Mini Bus and Standard Bus 33,378

Medium A partial BRT with priority 75,705

(~2018) way within CBD
Long Full BRT on expressway 75,705
(~2025) and LRT preparation
Total 123,528

36
 7. System Benefit

Stage Demand (trip) Supply (trip) Capacity

(D/S)
2013 187,655 222,815 84.2%

2018 382,615 467,711 81.8%

2025 766,675 922,571 83.1%

37
 8. Railway Transport Plan

R=11 km
LRT
D=5km D=20km

D=12
Commuter
km

Yamanote Railway Line in Tokyo

38