CONDITIONAL CLAUSES – Uslovne recenice

If + Simple Present, + Simple Future

Conditional Sentence Type 1
Zove se i realni kondicional jer se koristi za realne tj. ostvarive situacije koje se ostvare ako se ispuni
uslov. Veoma je vjerovatno da ce se uslov ispuniti. Odnosi se na buducnost a if se prevodi – ako. If I
have enough time, I'll watch the football match. I may have time to watch the match but I'm not sure
about it.
if + Simple Past, + would + infinitive
Conditional Sentence Type 2
Cesto se zove nerealnim kondicionalom jer se koristi za nerealne, nemoguce ili nevjerovatne situacije.
Ovaj kondicional daje imaginarni rezultat za datu situaciju i veoma je malo vjerovatno da ce se uslov
ispuniti. IF se prevodi sa – da+prezent ili kad + potencijal. U ovom kondicionalu were se cesto koristi
umjesto was uz I (da sam na tvom mjestu – If I were you) ali i uz HE, SHE, IT. Odnosi se na
sadasnjost. If I were a millionaire, I would buy a castle. If I had a lot of money, I would travel around
the world.
Past Simple Tense
S + GLAGOL – (E)D (ili druga kolona nepravilnih glagola)
I was ja sam bio/bila I worked ja sam radio/la
You were ti si bio/bila You worked ti si radio/la
He/she/it was on/ona/ono je bio/bila He/she/it worked on/ona/ono je radio/la
We/you/they were mi/vi/oni/e su bili/bile We/you/they worked mi/vi/oni/e su radili/le
QUESTION FORM – UPITNI O. DID + SUBJEKAT + INFINITIV GLAGOLA (I KOLONA BEZ NASTAVAKA)
Was I? Da li sam ja bio/la...
Were you?
Was he/she/it?
Were we/you/they?
Did we/you/they work?
Did I work? Da li sam ja radio/la
Did you work?
Did he/she/it work?
e.g. I spoke. I did not speak. Did I speak?
NEGATIVE FORM – ODRICNI OBLIK SUBJEKAT + DID + NOT + INFINITIV GLAGOLA (BEZ NAST.)
I was not (wasn't) ja nisam bio/la I did not (didn't) work ja nisam radio/la
You were not (weren't) You did not work
He/she/it was not (wasn't) He/she/it did not work
We/you/they were not (weren't) We/you/they did not work
Exceptions in spelling – izuzeci u pisanju:
Ako glagol završava na E, dodajemo samo D love – loved
Zadnji suglasnik nakon kratkog vokala ili kad je L zadnji suglasnik nakon samoglasnika, uduplava se.
admit – admitted travel – travelled
Zadnje Y nakon suglasnika postaje I hurry – hurried play - he played SUGL+Y, Y-I + ES
Use - upotreba
Za radnje u prošlosti koje se dešavaju jedna za drugom – uzastopne
He came in, took off his coat and sat down. He got up, washed and shaved.
Za radnju koja se dogodila u prošlosti i završila se – vremenska odredba:
I saw her yesterday. He went home two hours ago. He lost his keys last week.
Za radnju koja se dogodila usred neke druge duže radnje – ometa radnju
When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang. Yesterday; three weeks ago ;
Burglars broke into the house when they where sleeping. 2 minutes ago;last year ,
U drugom tipu kondicionalnih rečenica last Friday;in 2002; in the
If + past simple, would/should/could... II KONDICIONAL 1980s ; in 1990; in the last
If I had a lot of money, I would share it with you. century;
Kad bi imao dosta novca, podijelio bih ga sa tobom in the past, the other day
Signal Words of Simple Past
Past Progressive or Past Continuous – Trajno prošlo vrijeme
Form SUBJEKAT + WAS/WERE + GLAVNI GLAGOL - ING
I was watching TV – ja sam gledao/la TV He/she/it was watching TV
You were watching TV We/you/they were watching TV
Question Form WAS/WERE + SUBJEKAT + GLAVNI GLAGOL-ING
Upitni oblik se pravi inverzijom, WAS /WERE dolazi ispred subjekta
Was I watching TV? Da li sam ja gledala TV? Was he/she / it watching TV?
Were you watching TV? Were we/you/they watching TV?
Negative Form SUBJEKAT + WAS/WERE + NOT + GLAVNI GLAGOL-ING
Odrični oblik – dodamo negaciju NOT na pomoćni glagol
I was not /wasn’t watching TV Ja nisam gledala TV He/she/it wasn’t watching TV
You were not /weren’t watching TV We/you/they weren’t watching TV
Exceptions in Spelling - Izuzeci u pisanju:
Ako glagol završava na jedno E (ne dva), ono se gubi kad se dodaje nastavak ing, ali ako se zavrsava na dva E,
slovo E ostaje come – coming (but: agree – agreeing)
Nakon kratkog, akcentovanog samoglasnika, zadnji suglasnik se uduplava (i L na kraju glagola u britanskom
engleskom) sit – sitting travel – travelling
IE na kraju glagola postaje Y lie – lying, die-dying
Use - upotreba
Stavlja akcenat na trajanje radnje u prošlosti. He was playing football.
Za dvije radnje koje se uporedo odvijaju u prošlosti
While she was preparing dinner, he was washing the dishes.
Radnja koja je trajala u prošlosti, a prekinula ju je radnja označena Past Simpleom
When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.
Signal Words when, while, as long as

Present Perfect Simple Tense

Form Subject + Have/Has + Past Participle of the main verb (III kolona ili nastavak (E)D)
QUESTION FORM HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE MAIN VERB
NEGATIVE FORM SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + NOT + PAST P. OF THE MAIN VERB
I have (I've) made Have I made? I have not (haven't) made
You have (You've) made Have you made? You have not made
He/she/it has (he's) made Has he/she/it made? He/she/it has not (hasn't) made
We/you/they have made Have we/you/they made? We/you they have not made
USE
Za radnju koja se dogodila u prošlosti, a nije nam poznato kada se dogodila, stavlja se akcenat na činjenicu da se
radnja dogodila
I have been to Spain three times. At some unspecified time in the past, I went to Spain
Compare with the simple past: I went to Spain three times in 2005. (specified time in the past - the year
2005) She has written five letters.
Za svršenu prošlu radnju, koja se tek dogodila (just, already. recently,) I have just washed my hair.
Za radnju koja je pocela u proslosti ali jos uvijek traje (since, for, ever, never, yet, still, up to now_)
I have known him since 1998. I have known him for 13 years. I have never tasted something like this.
Uz signalne riječi poput:
Ever - never – nikad , just - upravo, already - već, yet - još, recently - skoro, since - od, for –
Do you want to go to a restaurant with me? No, thanks. I've just eaten lunch.
Are Carlos and Rodrigo here? No, they haven't arrived yet.
Mike has worked at Woodward for 3 years. (Mike started working at Woodward 3 years ago and he still works
there now.)
Julie has worked at Woodward since September of last year. (Julie began working at Woodward in September
of last year, and that hasn't changed - she still works here now.)
 Future Simple - Will
- Will se ne mijenja kroz lica, tj. ima isti oblik za sva lica ( I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they will work
some day),
upitni oblik pravi inverzijom, ( Will I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they work some day)
odrični oblik, dodavanjem rječice not (I will not work some day)
Skraćeni oblik: ‘ll e.g. I’ll see you tomorrow. will + not = WON’T
I will go to the cinema tonight.
He will play tennis tomorrow.
She will be happy with her exam results.
They will take the bus to the South next week.
USE – upotreba
Iznenadne, neplanirane, spontane radnje/odluke, radnje koje se odvijaju bez namjere
I'll call a taxi for you. Peter will be 15 next Tuesday.I think we'll go right now. (I just decided this)
I think I'll try one of those. (I just decided this right now)
The sun will shine tomorrow.Hang on! I'll have a word with you.
Uz pretpostavke, uz I think/believe/hope/ I’m sure, I’m afraid...
The President will not be re-elected at the next election.
I think it will rain later so take an umbrella with you.
My team will not win the league this season. I think Sue will arrive in Paris at 6 pm.

Da izrazimo obećanje, prijetnju, ponudu

If you say anything I will kill you! I'll have it ready by tomorrow.
Kad izražavamo pretpostavke (kod predviđanja, u vremenskoj prognozi, kad govorimo o
vjerovatnoći)
I think/hope/know something will happen or somebody will do something.
I believe she will pass the exam.
One day human race will travel through the Space. Tomorrow will be warm and sunny.
Will se koristi za izražavanje buduće radnje nad kojom nemamo kontrolu, te za predviđenje
bdućih radnji, i za iznenada doneene odluke.
Be going to
FORM
- Present glagola BE + GOING TO + INFINITIV glagola
I am going to work We are going to agree on this.
You are going to sleep. You are going to visit me.
He /she / it is going to succeed. They are going to call me.
Upitni oblik se pravi inverzijom pomoćnog glagola (be)
Am I going to work? Are you going to win?
Odrični oblik se pravi dodavanjem rječice not na pomoćni glagol.
I am not going to work. They are not going to call me.
USE - upotreba
Kada smo donijeli odluku ili namjeravamo da uradimo nešto u budućnosti – namjere/planovi
They're going to retire to the beach - in fact they have already bought a little beach house.
I'm going to India next year. I am going to study harder next year.
This is going to be the kitchen. I’m going to travel all around the world when I retire.
Kad se nešto treba tek dogoditi (upravo)
Get back! The bomb is going to explode. Watch out! We’re going to crash
Kada postoje jasni znakovi da će se nešto dogoditi
I think it is going to rain - I just felt a drop. (Mislim da će početi da pada kiša. Upravo sam osjetila
kapljicu). It's so cold! I think it is going to snow. She is going to have a baby. (She is pregnant)
The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain. It’s going to rain. (a lot of clouds in the sky).
Present Continuous for future
planovi, dogovori za blisku budućnost (isplanirane aktivnosti)
We are going skiing next weekend. I’m meeting Fred tomorrow morning.
I’m going to hairdresser’s tomorrow morning.
Present Simple for future
action set by a time table or schedule The plain leaves at three o’clock pm.
The next meeting of the committee is on the November 5th.
 May / might se koriste da označe verovatnoću (probability) da će se nešto desiti. Might
nosi nešto manju mogućnost da se radnja ostvari.
 It may rain. It is cloudy. (Možda će padati kiša. Oblačno je.)
It might rain. It is still sunny.(Možda će padati kiša. Još uvek je sunčano.)
Should / shouldn`t (trebalo bi / ne bi trebalo)se koriste za davanje saveta, predloga,
sugestija (advice, suggestions).   Mary should go home. She has high temperature. (Meri bi
trebalo da ode kući. Ima visoku temperaturu.)
You shouldn`t walk alone by night. It is dangerous. (Ne bi trebalo da šetaš sam noću.
Opasno je.)