Rakel Jones Block 3 world History Mrs.

Sweiven

Chapter 11 notes Section 1

Appeasement: Hitler sent troops to Rhineland; the Rhineland was part of Germany but according to the treaty of Versailles, it was a demilitarized area. France had the right to use force against any violation of the demilitarized Rhineland but would not act without British support. Great Britain did not support the use of force against Germany however. The British viewed the occupation of German territory by German troops as a reasonable action by a dissatisfied power. Great Britain thus began to practice a policy of appeasement. This policy is based on the belief that if European states satisfied the reasonable demands of unsatisfied powers, the unsatisfied powers would be content and stability and peace would be achieved in Europe. Mukden incident: in September 1931 Japanese soldiers had seized Manchuria which had natural resources that Japan needed. To justify there seizer Japan cited a Chinese attack on a Japanese railway near the city of Mukden. In fact the Mukden incident had been carried out by Japanese soldiers disguised as Chinese. World protest against the Japanese led the League of Nations to send investigators to Manchuria. When the investigators issued a report condemning the seizure, Japan withdrew from the league. Munich Conference: at a hastily arranged conference in Munich, British, French, German, and Italian representatives did not object to Hitlers plans but instead reached an agreement that met virtually all of Hitlers demands. German troops were allowed to occupy the Sudetenland. Abandoned by there western allies, the Czechs stood by helplessly. Anti-Comintern Pact: in October 1936, Mussolini and Hitler made an agreement recognizing their common political and economical interests. One month later, Mussolini spoke of new alliance between Italy and Germany called Rome-Berlin Axis. Also in November, Germany and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact, promising a common front against communism. Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact: on august 23, 1939 Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact. In it the two nations promised not to attack each other. As compensation to signing the pact Hitler offered Stalin control of eastern Poland and the Baltic states. Because he expected to fight the Soviet Union anyway, it did not matter what Hitler promised because he was accustomed to breaking promises.

Section 2
Blitzkrieg: Hitler stunned Europe with the speed and efficiency of the German attack on Poland. His innovative blitzkrieg or lightning war used armored columns called panzer divisions supported by airplanes. Each panzer division was a strike force of about 300 tanks with support forces. Hitler had committed Germans to a life-or-death struggle. The forces of the blitzkrieg broke quickly through polish lines and encircled the bewildered polish troops. Within four weeks Poland had surrendered. On September 28, 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union divided Poland. Axis Powers: The three major Axis powersGermany, Japan, and Italywere part of a military alliance on the signing of the Tripartite Pact in September 1940, which officially founded the Axis powers. The Axis powers ruled empires that dominated large parts of Europe, Africa, East and Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean, but World War II ended with their total defeat and dissolution. Like the Allies, membership of the Axis was fluid, and other nations entered and later left the Axis during the course of the war. Allied Powers: the entry of the Americans into the war created a new collation, the grand alliance: The United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. Ever since the Russian revolution the Soviet Union had been relatively isolated from the west. Now they had come together to fight a common enemy, Nazi Germany. To overcome mutual suspicions, the allies agreed to stress military operations and ignore political differences. Vichy France: an authoritarian regime under German control was set up over the remainder of the country to the south of the parts of France the Nazis occupied. It was known as Vichy France and was lead by an aged French hero of World War I, Marshal Henri Petain. Luftwaffe: the German air force launched a major offensive. German planes bombed British air and naval bases, harbors, communication centers, and war industries. Isolationism: President Franklin D. Roosevelt denounced the aggressors, but the United States followed a strict policy of isolationism. A series of neutrality acts passed in the 1930s, prevented the United States from taking sides or becoming involved in any European wars. D-Day: on June 6, 1944 (D-Day), allied forces under U.S General Dwight D. Eisenhower landed on the beaches of Normandy in history's greatest naval invasion. The allies fought their way past underwater mines, barbed wire, and machine gun fire. Pearl Harbor: on December 7, 1941, Japanese aircraft attacked the U.S naval base at Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiian Islands. This made Americans join the war against Japan which made them enemys of Nazi Germany.

Section 3

The Final Solution & Einsatzgruppen: Reinhard Heydrich, head of the SSs security service, was given the task of administering The Final Solution. Heydrich created strike forces called Einsatzgruppen, to carry out the Nazi plans for the extermination of the Jews. After the defeat of Poland, he ordered these forces to round up all polish Jews and put them in ghettos set up in a number of polish cities. Holocaust: To truly understand about the horror of the concentration camps, it is necessary to know about the Holocaust and the events leading up to it. Since the Holocaust is a long and detailed event, which I could not cover in one page, I will provide a basic background. The Holocaust was a tragic event in history. Over 11 million lives were lost because of cruel racial prejudice. During world war two, the Nazi party, led by Adolf Hitler, encouraged prejudice against Jews and other undesirables, or those not of the Aryan race. The Nazis developed The Final Solution, a plan to get rid of all the Jews. They decided the most efficient way of doing this was to set up camps to exterminate them so they would not pass on their genes and disrupt the Nazis quest for the perfect race. The Nazis also set up ghettos, where Jews would live in the most horrible conditions. Jewish children soon could not go to schools with the other German children. Jewish businesses were forced to close, Jewish temples were burned and vandalized. Though the Nazis did not achieve their goal, they managed to kill millions of Jews and others in a display of cruel, sadistic, inhumane acts. Hitler's land Conquest: Hitler's aims were aggressive, and he openly stated them in his book "Mein Kampf" in 1924: Destroy the Treaty of Versailles, Create a Greater Germany (a country of all the German people). Once he came to power, Hitler set about doing exactly what he had said he would do. For each of his actions between 1935 and 1939, can you see which aim(s) he was fulfilling by undertaking: 1935 Rearmament 1936 - Remilitarization of the Rhineland 1938 - Anschluss with Austria 1938 - The annexation of the Sudetenland 1939 - The invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939 - The invasion of Poland.

Section 4:
Cold War: The total victory of the Allies in World War II was followed not by a real peace but by a period of political tensions, known as the cold war. Primarily an ideological conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union, the cold war was dominating world affairs until the end of the 1980s. Kamikaze: Young Japanese men were encouraged to volunteer to serve as pilots in suicide missions against U.S fighting ships at sea. These pilots were known as kamikaze, or divine wind. Tehran Conference: As World War II raged around the globe, the President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, began calling for a meeting of the leaders from the key Allied powers. While the Prime Minister of Great Britain, Winston Churchill, was willing to meet, the Premier of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin, played coy. Desperate to make a conference happen,

Roosevelt conceded several points to Stalin, including choosing a location that was convenient to the Soviet leader. Agreeing to meet in Tehran, Iran on November 28, 1943, the three leaders planned to discuss D-Day, war strategy, and defeating Japan. Yalta Conference: February 1945, major World War II conference of the three chief Allied leaders, President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Great Britain, and Premier Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union (see photograph), which met at Yalta in the Crimea to plan the final defeat and occupation of Nazi Germany. The Potsdam conference: the Potsdam conference was set up to discuss the administration of Nazi Germany after they had surrendered unconditionally in the second world war, other issues discussed were in connection with peace treaties, post war order and countering the effects of war.