Grammar Word order in questions Questions with do, does, did Questions with be Present Simple

Form (Question word) + Aux. + Subject + Infinitive Where do you live? Does he live in in NS? What did you do yesterday? (Question word + be + Subject + (adjective, noun, verb-ing..) Is he a student? What are they doing? Where were you yesterday? He/she/it + verb + -s

Use

I/you/we/they + Infinitive

+ I usually go for a walk in the He speaks English very well. evening - They dont live near here. She doesnt like me. ? What sort of music do you like? Do you like classical music? Yes, I do./ No, I dont Adverbs and expressions of frequency . Where does he live? Does he live in NS? Yes, he does./ No, he doesnt.

Present Simple is used to talk about things we do every day, week, year or which are always true.

Adverbs of frequency always, often, sometimes, usually, hardly ever, never Subject + Adverb of frequency + verb He often goes out. Subject + be + Adverb of frequency She is always late. Expressions of frequency (every day, once a week) usually go at the end of a sentence. I have English classes twice a week.

Present Continuous

Subject + Be + verb + -ing + Im listening to music. - Im not listening to music. ? Are you listening to music? Yes, I am./ No, Im not What are you doing? . Who for a person - A cook is a person who works in a restaurant. Which for a thing - A clock is a thing which tells the time. Where for a place - A post office is a place where you can buy stamps. Regular verbs: Subject + verb + -ed I visited my relatives yesterday evening. Irregular verbs: Subject + irregular verb past form We went to Spain last year.

Present Continuous is used to talk about things happening now, at this moment. We use relative clauses to explain what a place, thing, or person is or does. Past Simple is used to talk about finished actions in the past.

Defining relative clauses

Past Simple

So, because, but, although

- They didnt go shopping last weekend. ? Did you enjoy your holiday? Yes, I did. / No, I didnt. Where did you go on holiday last year? I was very tired so I went to bed. I went to bed because I was very tired. Although I was very tired I didnt go to bed. It was late but I couldnt sleep. Subject + Be + verb + -ing ? What are you doing tonight? + Im working out. - Im not working tomorrow. Tonight, tomorrow, this weekend Leave, go, come, meet, see, arrive We are leaving tomorrow morning. Im meeting my boss for lunch.

so result because reason although and but contrast Present Continuous for future arrangements is used to talk about things which we have planned for a fixed time or place.

Present Continuous for future arrangements Time expressions Common verbs

Future with Going to

Be + going to + Infinitive + Im going to visit my grandmother next weekend. - Hes not going to tell us what happened. ? Where are you going to stay?

going to + infinitive is used to talk about future plans and predictions.

Plan Im going to cook tonight. Prediction Look at the sky. Its going to rain. Future with Will/wont Predictions Promises Offers Unplanned decisions Present Perfect (experience with ever and never) with just, already and yet. Will/wont + Infinitive Im sure Ill pass the exam. Ill always love you. I wont tell anyone. Ill help you. Shall I help you? Ill have a steak. We use will/wont + infinitive for making instant decisions, offering and promising

Have/has + Subject + Past Participle Have you ever been to Spain? She has visited many countries. I have never been to Island. + Ive already done my homework. Ive just done my homework. - I havent done my homework yet. ? Have you done your homework yet?

Present Perfect is used to talk about past experience when you dont say exactly when they happened.

Comparatives and Superlatives

Short adjectives adjective + -er (comparative) - est (superlative) Long adjectives more + adjective the most + adjective Adjective short big busy excited good bad far Comparative shorter bigger busier more excited better worse further Superlative the shortest the biggest the busiest the most excited the best the worst the furthest

Use comparative adjectives to compare people and things. Use the + superlative adjectives to say which is the biggest, the tallest, the most beautiful in a group.

Examples: My brothers taller than me. Im more relaxed than my brother. Hes the tallest in our class. Shes the most beautiful in our family. as + adjective + as

We use than after comparatives older than, bigger than

My sister is as beautiful as me. Im not as tall as my brother.