425 1 Design Temps Lecture and HW

ME 425 Overview & Design Conditions
ME 425 Air Conditioning System Design

Keith E. Elder, P.E.
In enclosed spaces, the combined treatment of the air to control, as specified, temperature, relative humidity, velocity of motion, and radiant heat energy level, with consideration of the need for removal of air-borne particles and contaminant gases.
ME 425
Chilled Water Pump Cold Air
Cooling Coil Fan Chilled Water Warm Water
Emphasis of ME 425
Warm Moist Air Cooling Tower Condenser Pump
Warm Air
Heat Exchanger
Gas Compressor Expansion Valve
Hot Gas Cooler Dryer Air Hot Water Warm Water
Heat Exchanger
Condensed Liquid
ME 425
Formal Version
qsensible mc p t qlatent mW qtotal mh

Designers Version (based on air volume)
qsensible 1.1Qt (q in Btu/hr & Q in ft 3 / min) qlatent 4840QW (W in lbmwater / lbmair ) q 4.5Qh (h in Btu / lbm )
total air
ME 425
Calculate Sensible & Latent loads Determine space air quantities Select & layout diffusers Layout & size ductwork Select Air Handler(s) Calculate Coil Loads & Select Coil(s) Pipe coils & select pumps Select primary systems (chillers, boilers) Write specifications (including controls)
ME 425
Major Steps in Load Calculations

Determine indoor/outdoor design conditions Research & Calculate thermal properties of envelope components Determine zoning Perform Area Takeoffs Calculate Space Sensible & Latent Loads Determine Ventilation & Other System Effects Calculate Coil Loads
ME 425
Indoor Conditions (Comfort-based)

Indoor Dry Bulb Temperature Indoor Relative Humidity Dry Bulb Temperature Mean Coincident Wet Bulb Temperature Daily Range Degree Days Ground Temperatures
Outdoor Conditions (Statistical-based)

ME 425
Dry Bulb Temperature
ME 425
ME 425
Indoor Dry Bulb Temperature Indoor Relative Humidity Temperature Stratification Temperature Symmetry Draft Carbon Dioxide Concentration
ME 425
Draft is an undesired local cooling of the human body caused by the coincident effects of temperature & air velocity. Draft has been identified as one of the most annoying factors in offices.
ME 425
ME 425
Age
Activity Level
Gender (see page 8.16 under Sex)

Temperature Relative Humidity Dress & Activity Level
Adaptation
Resignation is not adaptation
Seasonal & Circadian Rhythms

ME 425
The Comfort Chart
Comfort Based On
Operative Temperature Room Humidity Heating/Cooling Mode
Op. Temp. Based On

Room DB Temp. Mean Radiant Temp. Local Air Velocity
ME 425
o
The uniform temperature of a radiantly black enclosure in which an occupant would exchange the same amount of heat by radiation plus convection as in the actual nonuniform environment to = Ata + (1-A)tr ta = Local Air Temp. A = f (air motion) tr = Mean Radiant Temp.
ME 425
Velocity(fpm) 10 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
A 0.42 0.42 0.46 0.52 0.55 0.58 0.61 0.63 0.65
The uniform surface temperature of a radiantly black enclosure in which an occupant would exchange the same amount of radiant heat as in the actual non-uniform environment. tr = F1t1 + F2t2 + ... Fntn Fn = Angle Factor
ME 425
ME 425
Determination of Outdoor Design Conditions

450
400
350
300
Hours per Year
250
200
150
100
50
0
14 17 20 23 26 29 32 35 38 41 44 47 50 53 56 59 62 65 68 71 74 77 80 83 86 90 93
Annual Temperature Occurences (F)
ME 425
450
99.0%
400
1.0%
350
99.6%
300
Hours per Year
0.4%
250
200
150
100
50
0
14 17 20 23 26 29 32 35 38 41 44 47 50 53 56 59 62 65 68 71 74 77 80 83 86 90 93
Annual Temperature Occurences (F)
ME 425
ME 425
10
ME 425
Heating Load Design Conditions
Cooling Load Design Conditions
ME 425
11
Seasonal Hours Criteria Exceeded
Representative Application Hospital, Data Center Average Project Promotional (Cut Corners) Medium Construction, 24 Occupancy Heavy Construction
Summer
0.4% 1.0% 2.0% 35 88 175 35 88
Winter
99.6 % 99.0%
ME 425
Homework for Friday
Name______________________
Reference: Chap 8 - ASHRAE Fundamentals 1. A room is maintained at an air temperature of 70F. The occupant sits near a large window, which has an inside surface temperature of 50F and accounts for 30% of her thermal view. The occupant has complained that the space feels cold. Assuming the local air temperature to be equal to the room air temperature: a. What operative temperature does the occupant experience? b. How would you advise the HVAC technician who is trying to troubleshoot the complaint?
ME 425
12
Homework - Continued
Reference: Chap 28 - ASHRAE Fundamentals (CD) 2. Specify a suitable set of indoor and outdoor design conditions for each of the following
Winter Indoor DB Heavy Masonry Office Building Fargo, North Dakota Nursing Home Long Beach, CA Computer Data Center Quantico, Virginia Steel & Glass Office Building Seattle, Washington Outdoor DB Summer Indoor DB/RH Outdoor DB/WB
ME 425
13
2005 ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals (IP)
2005 ASHRAE, Inc.
Design conditions for FARGO, ND, USA

Station Information Hours +/UTC 1g Time zone code 1h
Station name 1a
WMO# 1b
Lat 1c
Long 1d
Elev 1e
StdP 1f
Period 1i
FARGO
727530
46.90N
96.80W
899
14.225
-6.00
NAC
7201
Annual Heating and Humidification Design Conditions Coldest month 2 Heating DB 99.6% 3a 99% 3b DP 4a Humidification DP/MCDB and HR 99.6% 99% HR MCDB DP HR 4b 4c 4d 4e Coldest month WS/MCDB 0.4% 1% MCDB WS MCDB 5b 5c 5d MCWS/PCWD to 99.6% DB MCWS PCWD 6a 6b
MCDB 4f
WS 5a
-21.1
-16.5
-29.8
1.1
-20.4
-25.0
1.4
-16.0
36.5
5.0
32.8
6.4
7.9
180
Annual Cooling, Dehumidification, and Enthalpy Design Conditions Hottest month 7 Hottest month DB range 8 Cooling DB/MCWB 1% DB MCWB 9c 9d Evaporation WB/MCDB 1% WB MCDB 10c 10d MCWS/PCWD to 0.4% DB MCWS PCWD 11a 11b
0.4% DB MCWB 9a 9b
2% DB 9e MCWB 9f WB 10a
0.4% MCDB 10b
2% WB 10e MCDB 10f
21.6
0.4% HR 12b
91.1
71.6
87.8
69.9
84.8
68.5
2% HR 12h
75.3
85.6
0.4%
73.2
83.6
71.1
81.3
2% Enth 13e
14.8
170
DP 12a
MCDB 12c
Dehumidification DP/MCDB and HR 1% DP HR MCDB 12d 12e 12f
DP 12g
MCDB 12i
Enth 13a
MCDB 13b
Enth 13c
Enthalpy/MCDB 1% MCDB 13d
MCDB 13f
72.2
123.4
81.5
69.6
112.4
79.9
67.5
104.4
77.1
31.8
86.0
29.7
83.8
27.8
81.3
Extreme Annual Design Conditions Extreme Annual WS 1% 14a 2.5% 14b 5% 14c Extreme Max WB 15 Extreme Annual DB Mean Standard deviation Max Min Max Min 16a 16b 16c 16d n-Year Return Period Values of Extreme DB n=10 years n=20 years Max Min Max Min 17c 17d 17e 17f
n=5 years Max Min 17a 17b
n=50 years Max Min 17g 17h
28.5
25.7
23.4
82.4
97.3
-25.7
3.9
5.1
100.1
-29.4
102.4
-32.4
104.6
-35.2
107.4
-38.9
Monthly Design Dry Bulb and Mean Coincident Wet Bulb Temperatures Jan % DB 18a MCWB 18b DB 18c Feb MCWB 18d DB 18e Mar MCWB 18f DB 18g Apr MCWB 18h DB 18i May MCWB 18j DB 18k Jun MCWB 18l
0.4% 1% 2%
%
39.0 36.7 34.8

Jul DB 18m
35.0 33.6 32.3

MCWB 18n
46.5 43.6 40.8

Aug DB 18o
40.8 39.1 37.2

MCWB 18p
58.8 55.0 51.5

Sep DB 18q
49.3 46.6 45.2

MCWB 18r
82.5 78.1 73.8

Oct DB 18s
60.1 57.3 55.2

MCWB 18t
88.7 86.4 83.7

Nov DB 18u
66.4 65.5 63.8

MCWB 18v
92.8 90.9 88.3

Dec DB 18w
71.6 71.5 70.0

MCWB 18x
0.4% 1% 2%
95.7 92.8 90.4
73.0 73.3 72.1
95.3 92.7 90.3
72.8 72.6 71.5
91.3 87.3 84.2
70.0 67.9 66.0
78.4 74.3 70.8
60.0 58.1 56.7
61.9 57.8 54.1
50.7 48.7 46.8
43.9 40.1 37.2
38.3 35.6 33.8
Monthly Design Wet Bulb and Mean Coincident Dry Bulb Temperatures Jan % WB 19a MCDB 19b WB 19c Feb MCDB 19d WB 19e Mar MCDB 19f WB 19g Apr MCDB 19h WB 19i May MCDB 19j WB 19k Jun MCDB 19l
0.4% 1% 2%
%
35.3 33.9 32.6

Jul WB 19m
38.4 36.2 34.6

MCDB 19n
41.6 39.3 37.2

Aug WB 19o
45.7 43.0 40.6

MCDB 19p
50.6 48.0 45.4

Sep WB 19q
55.7 53.9 50.6

MCDB 19r
62.5 60.0 57.2

Oct WB 19s
78.5 73.7 69.8

MCDB 19t
70.2 68.5 67.0

Nov WB 19u
83.7 81.2 79.0

MCDB 19v
76.5 74.6 72.9

Dec WB 19w
86.3 85.3 84.2

MCDB 19x
0.4% 1% 2%
78.8 77.4 75.9
88.0 87.2 85.8
77.9 76.1 74.7
89.4 87.2 85.2
72.8 71.0 69.2
85.7 82.0 78.5
63.6 61.2 59.2
72.0 70.1 67.8
53.1 50.2 47.6
58.6 56.1 53.3
38.9 36.0 34.1
43.9 39.5 36.5
Monthly Mean Daily Temperature Range Jan 20a Feb 20b Mar 20c Apr 20d May 20e Jun 20f Jul 20g Aug 20h Sep 20i Oct 20j Nov 20k Dec 20l
17.0
WMO# Elev DB WS MCDB MCWS
16.3
15.4
20.9
22.9
21.6
Lat StdP DP Enth MCDP PCWD
21.6
22.3
22.2
20.3
15.3
15.1
Longitude, Wet bulb temperature, F Humidity ratio, grains of moisture per lb of dry air Mean coincident wet bulb temperature, F
World Meteorological Organization number Elevation, ft Dry bulb temperature, F Wind speed, mph Mean coincident dry bulb temperature, F Mean coincident wind speed, mph
Latitude, Long Standard pressure at station elevation, psi Dew point temperature, F WB Enthalpy, Btu/lb HR Mean coincident dew point temperature, F MCWB Prevailing coincident wind direction, , 0 = North, 90 = East
2005 ASHRAE, Inc.
Design conditions for LONG BEACH, CA, USA

Station name 1a
WMO# 1b
Lat 1c
Long 1d
Elev 1e
StdP 1f
Period 1i
LONG BEACH
722970
33.82N 118.15W
56
14.666
-8.00
NAP
7201
MCDB 4f
WS 5a
12
40.8
43.1
12.7
10.5
60.7
19.6
14.8
62.1
21.6
57.0
18.7
58.2
3.0
300
0.4% DB MCWB 9a 9b
0.4% MCDB 10b
2% WB 10e MCDB 10f
16.7
0.4% HR 12b
91.5
68.0
87.7
67.3
84.5
66.6
2% HR 12h
72.2
84.1
0.4%
70.8
82.0
69.5
79.8
2% Enth 13e
9.5
280
DP 12a
MCDB 12c
DP 12g
MCDB 12i
Enth 13a
MCDB 13b
Enth 13c
MCDB 13f
68.7
105.7
76.3
67.1
100.0
75.5
65.8
95.4
74.6
28.2
83.9
27.0
82.0
26.0
80.2
17.9
15.5
12.9
79.5
101.8
35.8
4.2
2.9
104.8
33.7
107.3
32.0
109.6
30.4
112.7
28.3
0.4% 1% 2%
%
82.1 79.2 75.8

Jul DB 18m
56.2 55.6 54.8

MCWB 18n
82.4 79.3 76.2

Aug DB 18o
58.0 57.4 56.0

MCWB 18p
84.3 80.1 76.6

Sep DB 18q
60.0 58.9 58.1

MCWB 18r
88.0 84.3 81.1

Oct DB 18s
61.0 60.5 60.1

MCWB 18t
88.1 83.8 80.3

Nov DB 18u
65.0 64.6 63.8

MCWB 18v
94.3 88.9 85.1

Dec DB 18w
66.7 67.1 66.5

MCWB 18x
0.4% 1% 2%
92.2 89.1 86.9
69.1 69.4 68.9
95.2 91.4 88.8
70.9 71.1 70.2
96.9 92.9 90.2
69.8 69.3 69.5
94.4 89.9 86.3
64.2 62.8 62.5
87.7 84.1 80.6
59.5 58.7 57.2
81.0 78.2 75.6
55.0 54.7 54.5
0.4% 1% 2%
%
61.4 60.4 59.6

Jul WB 19m
67.7 66.4 65.3

MCDB 19n
62.0 61.0 60.2

Aug WB 19o
72.7 69.4 67.6

MCDB 19p
64.1 62.4 61.5

Sep WB 19q
75.3 72.4 70.6

MCDB 19r
65.8 64.4 63.2

Oct WB 19s
79.9 77.4 75.1

MCDB 19t
68.7 67.5 66.2

Nov WB 19u
80.1 78.9 76.2

MCDB 19v
70.2 69.2 68.3

Dec WB 19w
84.4 82.1 80.4

MCDB 19x
0.4% 1% 2%
72.2 71.3 70.6
85.7 84.1 82.6
74.3 73.3 72.3
88.0 86.4 84.4
74.8 73.4 72.4
86.5 83.8 83.1
70.0 69.0 68.0
80.3 78.7 77.6
65.6 64.3 63.3
74.5 72.5 71.1
61.5 60.4 59.5
66.9 66.3 65.9
18.9
17.4
15.7
16.9
14.2
15.1
16.2
16.7
16.8
17.3
19.9
20.4
2005 ASHRAE, Inc.
Design conditions for QUANTICO MCAS, VA, USA

Station name 1a
WMO# 1b
Lat 1c
Long 1d
Elev 1e
StdP 1f
Period 1i
QUANTICO MCAS
724035
38.50N
77.30W
13
14.689
-5.00
NAE
8401
MCDB 4f
WS 5a
15.8
19.8
-2.0
4.9
19.2
2.8
6.4
24.9
23.4
39.4
19.9
36.5
5.9
320
0.4% DB MCWB 9a 9b
0.4% MCDB 10b
2% WB 10e MCDB 10f
17.5
0.4% HR 12b
93.0
76.5
90.6
75.8
88.3
74.5
2% HR 12h
79.4
89.5
0.4%
77.9
87.8
76.6
85.6
2% Enth 13e
5.6
170
DP 12a
MCDB 12c
DP 12g
MCDB 12i
Enth 13a
MCDB 13b
Enth 13c
MCDB 13f
76.6
138.8
85.3
75.0
131.2
83.6
73.5
124.7
81.8
35.1
89.9
33.6
88.0
32.2
85.5
18.5
16.2
13.6
90.0
97.6
7.6
3.0
7.5
99.8
2.2
101.5
-2.2
103.2
-6.4
105.4
-11.8
0.4% 1% 2%
%
63.4 60.8 57.4

Jul DB 18m
54.5 52.3 50.2

MCWB 18n
71.7 67.4 63.6

Aug DB 18o
57.7 57.0 55.0

MCWB 18p
81.5 77.0 72.9

Sep DB 18q
62.3 59.6 58.8

MCWB 18r
87.3 83.1 80.0

Oct DB 18s
65.6 63.9 62.5

MCWB 18t
90.9 88.5 86.2

Nov DB 18u
72.9 72.0 70.7

MCWB 18v
94.3 92.3 90.5

Dec DB 18w
75.7 75.1 75.1

MCWB 18x
0.4% 1% 2%
97.5 95.7 93.6
78.2 77.5 77.2
95.1 93.0 91.3
76.9 77.3 76.8
92.0 89.0 86.7
76.4 74.6 73.4
83.2 81.0 78.6
70.1 69.4 67.9
74.8 72.3 69.1
62.3 60.9 58.4
70.3 67.0 63.6
60.4 57.1 55.6
0.4% 1% 2%
%
57.6 55.1 53.0

Jul WB 19m
61.2 58.3 56.0

MCDB 19n
61.5 58.8 55.9

Aug WB 19o
69.7 65.3 63.0

MCDB 19p
63.8 62.1 60.2

Sep WB 19q
78.0 75.0 70.9

MCDB 19r
69.7 67.7 65.7

Oct WB 19s
79.7 78.1 75.3

MCDB 19t
77.5 75.7 73.8

Nov WB 19u
88.2 84.8 81.8

MCDB 19v
79.4 78.3 77.6

Dec WB 19w
88.7 87.6 86.9

MCDB 19x
0.4% 1% 2%
82.0 80.8 79.9
90.0 90.2 90.1
81.5 80.0 78.8
88.8 89.0 88.3
78.3 77.1 76.0
87.1 85.2 83.8
72.9 71.2 70.0
79.3 77.3 76.4
64.7 63.3 61.6
72.2 68.6 66.0
61.7 59.3 57.0
67.3 66.2 61.9
15.9
16.8
18.6
20.2
19.2
18.2
17.5
16.8
17.5
19.7
18.2
16.1
2005 ASHRAE, Inc.
Design conditions for SEATTLE/TACOMA, WA, USA

Station name 1a
WMO# 1b
Lat 1c
Long 1d
Elev 1e
StdP 1f
Period 1i
SEATTLE/TACOMA
727930
47.45N 122.30W
400
14.485
-8.00
NAP
7201
MCDB 4f
WS 5a
12
23.8
28.4
5.8
7.5
28.5
13.0
10.8
32.6
26.2
44.4
23.9
45.8
9.3
20
0.4% DB MCWB 9a 9b
0.4% MCDB 10b
2% WB 10e MCDB 10f
18.2
0.4% HR 12b
84.9
65.2
81.2
63.7
77.6
62.3
2% HR 12h
66.5
82.5
0.4%
64.7
78.9
63.1
75.8
2% Enth 13e
9.7
DP 12a
MCDB 12c
DP 12g
MCDB 12i
Enth 13a
MCDB 13b
Enth 13c
MCDB 13f
60.2
79.1
70.1
58.9
75.5
68.5
57.7
72.2
67.3
23.6
83.1
22.2
78.9
21.0
75.7
20.4
18.3
16.5
83.1
92.1
20.0
4.1
6.0
95.0
15.7
97.4
12.2
99.7
8.8
102.7
4.4
0.4% 1% 2%
%
56.7 54.9 53.2

Jul DB 18m
49.0 48.4 48.2

MCWB 18n
61.6 58.5 56.5

Aug DB 18o
50.6 49.7 48.8

MCWB 18p
65.2 62.4 60.2

Sep DB 18q
50.9 50.6 49.5

MCWB 18r
74.8 71.2 68.2

Oct DB 18s
56.0 55.8 54.6

MCWB 18t
81.5 78.4 75.6

Nov DB 18u
62.9 61.4 60.2

MCWB 18v
87.0 83.3 80.4

Dec DB 18w
64.5 63.7 62.6

MCWB 18x
0.4% 1% 2%
90.5 87.4 84.6
67.3 66.2 65.5
90.0 86.9 84.2
68.1 66.6 65.5
84.7 81.7 79.4
63.4 63.0 62.3
73.7 70.0 67.0
58.2 57.2 56.4
60.9 58.6 57.1
54.2 53.2 52.4
56.1 54.2 52.9
52.5 50.7 49.5
0.4% 1% 2%
%
52.1 50.9 50.1

Jul WB 19m
53.9 52.8 52.1

MCDB 19n
53.9 52.7 51.3

Aug WB 19o
57.2 55.5 54.2

MCDB 19p
54.0 52.9 51.8

Sep WB 19q
59.2 57.8 56.9

MCDB 19r
59.5 57.5 55.9

Oct WB 19s
69.5 68.0 65.1

MCDB 19t
64.1 62.6 61.3

Nov WB 19u
78.1 75.4 73.3

MCDB 19v
66.2 64.9 63.5

Dec WB 19w
83.4 81.1 78.2

MCDB 19x
0.4% 1% 2%
68.6 67.6 66.5
86.0 85.2 83.0
69.2 68.0 66.7
87.4 84.9 82.1
66.0 64.5 63.6
81.3 78.3 76.7
60.5 59.3 58.2
68.5 66.1 64.1
56.4 55.1 53.9
58.7 57.2 56.0
53.2 51.5 50.4
55.2 53.4 52.3
8.8
11.1
12.8
14.6
15.8
16.5
18.5
18.2
16.7
12.6
9.5
8.5

425 1 Design Temps Lecture and HW

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425 1 Design Temps Lecture and HW

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ME 425 Overview & Design Conditions

ME 425 Air Conditioning System Design

ME 425 Overview & Design Conditions

Chilled Water Pump Cold Air

Cooling Coil Fan Chilled Water Warm Water

Gas Compressor Expansion Valve

Hot Gas Cooler Dryer Air Hot Water Warm Water

qsensible mc p t qlatent mW qtotal mh

ME 425 Overview & Design Conditions

Major Steps in Load Calculations

ME 425 Overview & Design Conditions

Indoor Conditions (Comfort-based)

Outdoor Conditions (Statistical-based)

Dry Bulb Temperature

ME 425 Overview & Design Conditions

ME 425 Overview & Design Conditions

ME 425 Overview & Design Conditions

Gender (see page 8.16 under Sex)

Seasonal & Circadian Rhythms

The Comfort Chart

Op. Temp. Based On

ME 425 Overview & Design Conditions

Velocity(fpm) 10 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

A 0.42 0.42 0.46 0.52 0.55 0.58 0.61 0.63 0.65

ME 425 Overview & Design Conditions

Determination of Outdoor Design Conditions

Annual Temperature Occurences (F)

ME 425 Overview & Design Conditions

Annual Temperature Occurences (F)

ME 425 Overview & Design Conditions

Heating Load Design Conditions

Cooling Load Design Conditions

ME 425 Overview & Design Conditions

Seasonal Hours Criteria Exceeded

Homework for Friday

ME 425 Overview & Design Conditions

2005 ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals (IP)

2005 ASHRAE, Inc.

Design conditions for FARGO, ND, USA

0.4% MCDB 10b

2% WB 10e MCDB 10f

Dehumidification DP/MCDB and HR 1% DP HR MCDB 12d 12e 12f

Enthalpy/MCDB 1% MCDB 13d

n=5 years Max Min 17a 17b

n=50 years Max Min 17g 17h

39.0 36.7 34.8

35.0 33.6 32.3

46.5 43.6 40.8

40.8 39.1 37.2

58.8 55.0 51.5

49.3 46.6 45.2

82.5 78.1 73.8

60.1 57.3 55.2

88.7 86.4 83.7

66.4 65.5 63.8

92.8 90.9 88.3

71.6 71.5 70.0

95.7 92.8 90.4

73.0 73.3 72.1

95.3 92.7 90.3

72.8 72.6 71.5

91.3 87.3 84.2

70.0 67.9 66.0