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Urticaria
Urticaria
(urzica)
• Herbaceous perennial
flowering plant, native to
Europe, Asia, northern
Africa, and North
America, and is the best-
known member of the
nettle genus Urtica.
• The plant has many
hollow stinging hairs
called trichomes on its
leaves and stems, which
act like hypodermic
needles that inject
histamine and other
chemicals that produce a
stinging sensation when
contacted by humans
and other animals.
URTICARIA &
ANGIOEDEMUL
Reactii de hipersensibilitate
(Gell & Coombs)
Urticaria - definitie
• Reactie cutanata produsa de factori multipli
• Eruptie formata din papule si placi eritemato-
edematoase, fugace (< 24 ore), pruriginoase
• Lez persistente > 24 ore sugereaza urticarie
vasculitica (v. cap vasculite)
• Afecteaza dermul si uneori si tes celular subcutanat
• Edem masiv al tes subcutanat → angioedem
(apare ocazional la > 50% dintre cei cu urticarie)
Etiologie (I)
• Medicamente
• Alimente si aditivi alimentari
• Alergeni inhalati (polen, praf)
• Infectii (focare bacteriene, virale - hep B,
mononucleoza, fungice, parazitare - trichineloza,
toxocaroza)
• Intepaturi insecte si artropode
• Alergeni de contact – f.f. rar!
Etiologie (II)
• Afectiuni interne (rar) - colagenoze, limfoame,
carcinoame, afect tiroidiene
• Factori genetici (ex: trans autosomal dominanta in
angioedemul ereditar - neinsotit de lez urticariene)
• Factori fizici
• Factori psihici (?)
Patogenie
• Lez apar prin cresterea permeabilitatii capilare, cu
extravazare de plasma, mediata in principal de
histamina
• Urticaria si angioedemul au aceiasi patogenie.
Difera doar localizarea
• Tipul de reactie de hipersensibilitate:
– tipul I (mediat de IgE)
– tipul III (mediat de CIC) - in urticaria vasculitica (v.
cap. vasculite)
Durata leziunilor
utila pentru diagnosticul initial al urticariei
Anticorpi “eliberatori”
de histamina
Urticaria “clasica”
Urticaria “autoimuna”