DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY

Tutorial Sheet 1 1. A 100 kVA, 2400/240 V, 50 Hz single phase transformer has an exciting current of 0.6A and a core loss of 700 watts, when its high-voltage side is energized at rated voltage and frequency. Calculate the two components of the exciting current. If the above transformer supplies a load current of 40 A at 0.8 power factor on its LV side, then calculate the primary current and its power factor. Ignore Leakage impedance drops. [Ans. 0.292 A; 0.569A; 4.584A, pf =0.762 lagging] 2. A 3300/1100 V, single phase transformer has leakage impedance of 4+j40 referred to its HV side. When unity power factor load of 20 kW is connected on the LV side, the secondary terminal voltage measured is 1050 V. Calculate the voltage and power factor as measured on its HV terminals considering exciting current negligible. [Ans. 3185.5 V; 0.9968 lag]. 3. A 50 kVA, 6600/230 V, single phase transformer has HV and LV winding resistances of 7 and 0.008 respectively. With LV winding open, a current of 0.3A at a pf of 0.3 lagging is recorded on HV side with the application of full rated voltage. Calculate efficiency at full load and 0.8pf lagging. Determine also the load current at which maximum efficiency occurs. [Ans. 96.56%; 189.74A] 4. A 100 kVA, 1100/230 V, 50 Hz transformer has an HV winding resistance of 0.1 and a leakage reactance of 0.4. The LV winding has a resistance of 0.006 and a leakage reactance of 0.01. Find the equivalent resistance, reactance and impedance referred to the HV and LV sides. Convert these into pu values. [Ans. (0.237+j0.629); (0.0104+j0.0275); (0.019+j0.052)pu] 5. A 20kVA, 2000/200V, 50 Hz transformer is operated at no load on rated voltage, the input being 150W (from HV side) at 0.12 power factor. When it is operated at rated load, the voltage drops in the total leakage reactance and the total resistances are 2% and 1% of the rated voltage respectively. Determine the input power and power factor when the transformer delivers at 200 V at 0.8pf lagging to a load on the LV side. [Ans. 10.23 kW; 0.753 lagging]. Hints: Refer load to HV side and Shift the shunt branches towards the HV source side) 6. Why are the open circuit and short circuit tests conducted on LV side and HV side respectively? 7. Why is the transformer rating given in Volt Amperes, not in Watts? 8. Explain why the core loss is taken constant for No load as well as Full load cases? 9. Describe the working principle of a transformer. Draw a phasor diagram for the transformer with load having lagging power factor. Draw its equivalent circuit. 10. Describe why the copper losses and core losses are neglected in the open circuit test and short circuit test respectively?