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Team Members: Meghanad Shingate (09307608) Ankit Jamod (10307071) Tanmay Sarkar(10307059)
To regulate a single airports traffic. To give guidance to aircraft and prevents collisions. To give accurate and continuous knowledge of aircraft position. To provide assistance to pilots. Identification Friend or Foe Security
ATC Radars
PSR operates using traditional radar principle. PSR are similar to the two dimensional search radar (working in azimuth and range only) and cannot measure altitude. The advantage PSR is that it operates totally independently of the target aircraft. Only provide range & direction information.
SSR is a much more accurate that complements the basic PSR. The SSR is equipped with a main antenna, and an omni-directional antenna. SSR relies on a piece of equipment on the aircraft known as a 'transponder'. Interrogations used very specific types of signals (1030 and 1090 MHz)
SSR will detect the identification of the aircraft, the height of aircraft, speed and direction of flight.
Typical Scenario
Block Diagram(SSR)
Transponder
Transponder:( Transmitterresponder) The transponder send encoded information about the aircraft. The transponder antenna is low gain so that it can receive and reply to a radar from any direction. If a plane did not respond correctly the system determined that the target was an unidentified aircraft.
PSR ANTENNA
Reflector contour shaped - cosecant square shaped pattern. Improved coverage for elevation angles up to 45 rapid pattern drop-off below the horizon to eliminate the effects of ground multipath reflection. Narrow azimuth beamwidth to improve azimuth resolution, accuracy S-band(2.7-2.9 GHz) Gain . . . . . . . . 32 dB MTI- Circuit to eliminate ground clutter
SSR ANTENNA
Vertical array of dipoles suitably fed to produce the desired shape
ROTATION
Interference
Interferences
FRUIT(False Replies Un-synchronised wih Interrogator Transmission) All world wide SSR uses same frequency. arises from replies, these were triggered not by the own interrogator. Arise when atleast one target is in main lobe of atleast two interrogators replies overlapping in time at the receiver antenna
Interference
DEFRUITER:
The aircrafts transponder has to transmit multiple replies. These replies are stored in the defruiter and compared with each other in the next PRT now.
Reflections
SSR radars are often located in the vicinity of buildings with reflecting surfaces
SSR interrogator will form a false target (image) SOLUTION P1- main beam, P2- control pulse Disables interrogations for 35s.
References
Civil Avionics Systems by Ian Moir & Allan G Seabridge, Professional Engineering Publishing Limited,London, UK. http://www.radartutorial.eu