APPLICATION OF PUBLIC SERVICE POLICY FOR PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

In the context of the modern state, public services has become an institution and profession increasingly important. He is no longer a sideline activity, without an umbrella law, salaries and social security is adequate, as happened in many countries developed in the past. As an institution, ensuring the sustainability of public service administration state that involves policy development and management services resources originating from and to the public interest. As a profession, public services based on the principles of professionalism and ethics as accountability, effectiveness, efficiency, integrity, neutrality, and justice for all service recipient. A stronger gust of globalization, democratization, and decentralization brings opportunities and challenges for public services, particularly services social for people with special needs. By focusing on groups of persons with disabilities and the elderly, this paper discusses how Ministry of Social Affairs operates a policy of social services to groups less fortunate this

POLICIES AND PUBLIC SERVICE

Public policy decisions which are binding for the crowds on strategic level or character of the outline made by public authorities. As a publicly binding decisions then public policy must be made by political authority, namely those who received a mandate from the public or the people, generally through a process of selection to act on behalf of the people. Furthermore, public policy will be implemented by the state administration in run by government bureaucracy. The main focus of public policy in the country modern public services, which are all forms of services, both in the form of goods and public services that in principle the responsibility responsibility and implemented by the state to maintain or improve quality of people's lives (Wikipedia, 2008). In practice, public policy should be lowered in a series implementation guidelines and technical instructions that apply internally within the bureaucracy. In terms of society, what matters is the existence of a standard service public, which describes the community what services they are entitled, who can get it, what persyaratannnya, also how to shape service. To realize these wishes and make this policy effective, it needs at least three things: 1. 2. 3. The existence of legal instruments in the form of legislation that the public can know what was decided; This policy should clearly executing and financing structures; and The existence of public control, namely a mechanism that allows public find out whether this policy in its implementation experience deviations or not (Wikipedia, 2008).

In an authoritarian society and public service policies are often only based on the will power alone. So the translation of three of the above are not walk. But in a democratic society, is a frequent problem is how to get public opinion and build a policy that gets public support. The ability of political leaders to communicate with the public order accommodate their wishes are important. But equally important is the ability of leaders to explain to people why a desire can not be met. It is naive to expect that any government that can satisfy entire community at any time. However, it is an authoritarian government that does not consider seriously the aspirations and tried to communicate policies that are running or will run.

GLOBAL CHALLENGES
Currently the main challenge of nation-states around the world is no longer a cold war issue. But the increasing complexity of poverty, ethnic conflict, strengthening democracy with all its risks, as well as economic globalization, including changes roles and interaction between state, market and civil society. In addition, aspiration and public demands have also increased due to increase open information and increasing awareness of the rights of citizens. This global change has changed the environment in which government operates, challenged the traditional role of the state, and introduce new actors on process of development and governance (governance). This global transformation requires reformulation of the role and responsibilities of civil servants as management of public resources and guard the public trust mandate. Escalation of this global change also has led to moral issues such as abuse of power, corruption, crony capitalism, "sweatheart deal" privatization, and government behavior is unprofessional and unethical other (UNDESA, 2000). Studies show that low quality and effectiveness of public services has spawned a multidimensional impact. The socio-political, bad service erosion of public trust and cynicism of citizens against government in turn undermine the order and peace in society. Economically, corruption and low accountability of public institutions has not only reduce the budget for the people of many services. But also has hamper the economy. Empirical evidence in many countries shows that corruption has a significant negative impact on investment and broad and trade. Conversely, low corruption to spur investment and economic growth. Regression Analysis by Paul Mauro (1998) showed that a country is able to fix corruption index, for example from 6 to 8 (0 is index of the highest and 10 lowest corruption) have increased 4 percent in level of investment and 0.5 percent in annual GDP growth.

PARADIGM SHIFT
As part of its response to global challenges above, has been movement paradigm in public service. Three shift below noteworthy. 1. From problems to a rights-based services-based services. Social services previously given only to respond to problems or needs community, is now organized to meet social rights as mandated by the national constitution and international conventions. 2. From rules-based approaches to outcome-oriented approaches. Approach public services tend to shift from the purely based on rules normative be result oriented approach. Accountability, effectiveness and efficiency become increasingly important keywords. 3. From public management to public governance. According to Bovaird and Lffler (2003), the concept of public management, the community is considered as a client, 6. customer or service user simply so that is part of contract market. While the concept of public governance, public seen as citizens who are part of the social contract . However, this is not b erarti that a new paradigm altogether deny old paradigm. Although the new paradigm tends to become stronger, among both are constantly interacting and sometimes there are mutually supportive.

INDONESIA SITUATION
Public Services in Indonesia tend to have few problems fundamental. In addition to organizational effectiveness and public participation in service delivery is still relatively low, public services have not has a complaints and dispute settlement mechanism. As a result, the quality of product is also not satisfactory service its users. In addition, public services in Indonesia are also not responsive to the community with special needs, including vulnerable groups, people with disabilities, elderly and isolated indigenous communities. For example, the fate of children with special needs or disabilities in Indonesia, very worrying and has lagged far behind other Asian countries. Fate they are still marginalized in almost all sectors, from education, employment, until the availability of public facilities in a friendly (Voice Update, July 23, 2008). Admittedly, there are already regulations concerning disabled people, namely the Law 4 / 1997 and strengthened further by the Law 23/2002 on Child Protection in which set about children with disabilities. However, in reality the legal instruments This can not be implemented effectively. A number of rules alignments on the disabled requires not complied with, either by society, the private sector and government itself. Recently the Ministry of National Education to cut education budget for children with disabilities. Government policy to cut budget education for children with disabilities from Rp 300 billion in fiscal year 2007 to Rp 130 billion for fiscal 2008, clearly a step discriminatory.

Therefore, exceptional children require special care. They should get special attention or at least equal to normal children (normal) generally in getting the right education. Children with special needs have needs that are different from normal children. To purchase stationery for example, a normal kid enough to spend about USD 500-USD 1,000. For children with visual impairment (blind) expenditures for stationery Braille could reach Rp 15,000. In addition to the existing law issues has not been implemented properly, so that only a mere document, community members are also still many which considers vulnerable groups and special needs as people who do not worthy entry in the public space. His form, to the cynical view that attitudes directly or indirectly eliminate the disabled or elderly of social life.

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS

MOSA is the government agency whose main function run development social welfare. Social welfare development is essentially set of policies, programs and social service activities conducted through approach to social rehabilitation, social protection and social empowerment in order to improve the quality of life, independence, and fulfillment of basic rights community (Suharto, 2008a). The main target of social welfare development is weak groups and the less fortunate which is known as People with Problems Social Welfare (POM) or Pemerlu Social Services (PKS) (Suharto, 2008b). Five social problems are targeted by MOSA include poverty, ketelantaran, disability, isolation, and social ketunaan.