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Biological Models
The right choice of the biological model is essential for the reliability of a SAR or EMI simulation. CST Voxel Family SAM Phantom, homogeneous models
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Hand narrowdata
Hand monoblock
Hand PDA
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LAURA
DONNA
EMMA
GUSTAV
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HUGO
Available in different resolutions
Materials of interest can be chosen
Visible Human Project produced by the National Library of Medicine (NLM), Maryland http://www.vr-laboratory.com/ www.cst.com | May-10
Cole-Cole-Materials
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E J SAR 2 2
P
2 2
Unit of SAR: W/kg P: Power loss density E: Electric field strength J: Current density s: Conductivity r: Density
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Averaging Procedure
1. Point of avg. SAR calculation 2. Search for 10 g cube (iteratively) 3. Integrate losses in cube
At boundary treatment depends on chosen averaging standard: IEEE C95.3, IEEE 1528.1, CST C95.3 CST legacy
The constant volume assumption uses an averaged cube size: - Faster (no iterative search for cube with correct mass) - Only approximative (not according to official SAR standard)
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Standards like IEEE 1528 regulate measurement methods for practical assessment of compliance.
A simulation standard IEEE 1528.X is in development 1528.1 requirements for hexahedral time domain codes (end of 2010) 1528.2 application to cars with passenger/bystander (~2011) 1528.3 application to mobile phones near head (~2011) 1528.4 requirements for tetrahedral frequency domain codes CST participates in standards committee. IEEE C95.3 Annex E specifies SAR averaging scheme for simulation. CST MICROWAVE STUDIO has already been approved by the FCC (USA) to comply with hex td standard drafts.
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Visualization of SAR
2D or 3D plot including information about position of the maximum
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Frequency dependent material definition: Second order dispersive fit for tabulated values, only one simulation run required
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0.99
0.83
0.83
Dispersive fit agrees very well for S-Parameter and SAR values in both bands for only 25% extra simulation time
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Measurement
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Advantages of CST: Complete Technology, Static, LF, T, F and bioheat solvers in one frontend, Voxel Family, fast SAR, etc
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SAR
voxel
arg(B1+)
[]
SAR
10g
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SAR10g 25 W
SAR10g 27 W
SARhead
33 W
SAR10g
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20 cm
x z
43 cm
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Comparison to Measurement
Measurement Simulation
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SAR Compliance
critical aspect: localized SAR (10g averaged)
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Dr. Maciej Klemm, Electromagnetics Group, Centre for Communications Research (CCR), University of Bristol, United Kingdom e-mail: m.klemm@bristol.ac.uk www.cst.com | May-10
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T-Solver
T-Solver
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F-Solver
E-Field
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Courtesy of Lehrstuhl fr Theoretische Elektrotechnik, Bergische Universitt Wuppertal, Germany www.cst.com | May-10
Max. SAR value (averaged over 10g): 0.02 W/kg (well below accepted maximum of 2 W/kg for public exposure)
Courtesy of Lehrstuhl fr Theoretische Elektrotechnik, Bergische Universitt Wuppertal, Germany www.cst.com | May-10
Can only be opened by customers who have -Voxel Import - BioModel License -> offer for evaluation license!!
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Summary
CST STUDIO SUITE offers a wide range of tools for bio-medical simulations (MRI, cancer treatment, diathermy, implants, etc.) Both flexible homogeneous and detailed voxel models are available Complete Technology allows combined simulations from static to GHz including circuit simulation SAR and Bio-Thermal simulations help to improve performance and safety of medical devices
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Appendix
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