Updated Sixteenth Adult List en

WHOModelList
of
EssentialMedicines
16thlist(updated)
March2010
Statusofthisdocument
ThisisareprintofthetextontheWHOMedicineswebsite
http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en/index.html
Thepublishedmaterialisbeingdistributedwithoutwarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied.The
responsibilityfortheinterpretationanduseofthemateriallieswiththereader.InnoeventshalltheWorldHealth
Organizationbeliablefordamagesarisingfromitsuse.
16thedition(updated)
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList(March2010)
ExplanatoryNotes
Thecorelistpresentsalistofminimummedicineneedsforabasichealthcaresystem,listingthemost
efficacious,safeandcosteffectivemedicinesforpriorityconditions.Priorityconditionsareselectedonthe
basisofcurrentandestimatedfuturepublichealthrelevance,andpotentialforsafeandcosteffective
treatment.
Thecomplementarylistpresentsessentialmedicinesforprioritydiseases,forwhichspecializeddiagnostic
ormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingareneeded.Incaseofdoubt
medicinesmayalsobelistedascomplementaryonthebasisofconsistenthighercostsorlessattractivecost
effectivenessinavarietyofsettings.
Thesquareboxsymbol()isprimarilyintendedtoindicatesimilarclinicalperformancewithina
pharmacologicalclass.Thelistedmedicineshouldbetheexampleoftheclassforwhichthereisthebest
evidenceforeffectivenessandsafety.Insomecases,thismaybethefirstmedicinethatislicensedfor
marketing;inotherinstances,subsequentlylicensedcompoundsmaybesaferormoreeffective.Wherethere
isnodifferenceintermsofefficacyandsafetydata,thelistedmedicineshouldbetheonethatisgenerally
availableatthelowestprice,basedoninternationaldrugpriceinformationsources.Notallsquareboxesare
applicabletomedicineselectionforchildrenseethesecondEMLcfordetails.
Therapeuticequivalenceisonlyindicatedonthebasisofreviewsofefficacyandsafetyandwhenconsistent
withWHOclinicalguidelines.Nationallistsshouldnotuseasimilarsymbolandshouldbespecificintheir
finalselection,whichwoulddependonlocalavailabilityandprice.
Theasymbolindicatesthatthereisanageorweightrestrictiononuseofthemedicine;detailsforeach
medicinecanbefoundinTable1.
Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttothecomplementarylistitsignifiesthatthemedicine(s)require(s)
specialistdiagnosticormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingfor
theiruseinchildren.
Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttoanindividualmedicineorstrengthofmedicineitsignifiesthatthere
isaspecificindicationforrestrictingitsusetochildren.
ThepresenceofanentryontheEssentialMedicinesListcarriesnoassuranceastopharmaceuticalquality.It
istheresponsibilityoftherelevantnationalorregionaldrugregulatoryauthoritytoensurethateach
productisofappropriatepharmaceuticalquality(includingstability)andthatwhenrelevant,different
productsareinterchangeable.
ForrecommendationsandadviceconcerningallaspectsofthequalityassuranceofmedicinesseetheWHO
Medicineswebsitehttp://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_assurance/en/index.html.
Medicinesanddosageformsarelistedinalphabeticalorderwithineachsectionandthereisnoimplication
ofpreferenceforoneformoveranother.Standardtreatmentguidelinesshouldbeconsultedforinformation
onappropriatedosageforms.
ThemaintermsusedfordosageformsintheEssentialMedicinesListcanbefoundinAnnex1.
Definitionsofmanyofthesetermsandpharmaceuticalqualityrequirementsapplicabletothedifferent
categoriesarepublishedinthecurrenteditionofTheInternationalPharmacopoeia
http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/pharmacopoeia/en/index.html.
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
1. ANAESTHETICS
1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen
halothane
Inhalation.
ketamine
Injection:50mg(ashydrochloride)/mlin10mlvial.
nitrousoxide
Inhalation.
oxygen
Inhalation(medicinalgas).
thiopental
Powderforinjection:0.5g;1g(sodiumsalt)inampoule.
1.2 Local anaesthetics

Injection:0.25%;0.5%(hydrochloride)invial.
bupivacaine
Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:0.5%(hydrochloride)in
4mlampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
Injection:1%;2%(hydrochloride)invial.
lidocaine
Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:5%(hydrochloride)in
2mlampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
Topicalforms:2%to4%(hydrochloride).
Dentalcartridge:2%(hydrochloride)+epinephrine1:80000.
lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)
Injection:1%;2%(hydrochloride)+epinephrine1:200000invial.
ComplementaryList
Injection:30mg(hydrochloride)/mlin1mlampoule.
ephedrine
(Foruseinspinalanaesthesiaduringdelivery,topreventhypotension).
1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures
atropine
diazepam
Injection:1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.
Injection:5mg/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:5mg.
morphine
Injection:10mg(sulfateorhydrochloride)in1mlampoule.
promethazine
Oralliquid:5mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.
2. ANALGESICS, ANTIPYRETICS, NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

MEDICINES (NSAIMs), MEDICINES USED TO TREAT GOUT AND DISEASE MODIFYING
AGENTS IN RHEUMATOID DISORDERS (DMARDs)
2.1 Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)
Suppository:50mgto150mg.
acetylsalicylicacid
Tablet:100mgto500mg.
ibuprofena
EML 16 (March 2010)
Tablet:200mg;400mg.
a
>3 months.
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Oralliquid:125mg/5ml.
Suppository:100mg.
paracetamol*
*Notrecommendedforantiinflammatoryuseduetolackof
provenbenefittothateffect.
ComplementaryList[c]
Suppository:50mgto150mg.
acetylsalicylicacid*
*Foruseforrheumaticfever,juvenilearthritis,Kawasakidisease.
2.2 Opioid analgesics

codeine
Tablet:15mg(phosphate)[c];30mg(phosphate).
Injection:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphinesulfate)
in1mlampoule.
morphine
Oralliquid:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphine
sulfate)/5ml.
Tablet:10mg(morphinesulfate).
Tablet(prolongedrelease):10mg;30mg;60mg(morphine
sulfate).
2.3 Medicines used to treat gout

allopurinol
Tablet:100mg.
2.4 Disease modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)

chloroquine
Tablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
ComplementaryList
azathioprine
Tablet:50mg.
methotrexate
Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).
penicillamine
Solidoraldosageform:250mg.
sulfasalazine
Tablet:500mg.
3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS

Injection:10mg(hydrogenmaleate)in1mlampoule.
chlorphenaminea
Oralliquid:2mg/5ml [c].
Tablet:4mg(hydrogenmaleate).
a
>1 year.
dexamethasone
Injection:4mgdexamethasonephosphate(asdisodiumsalt)in
1mlampoule.
epinephrine(adrenaline)
Injection:1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in
1mlampoule.
EML 16 (March 2010)
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hydrocortisone
prednisolone
Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.
Oralliquid:5mg/ml[c].
Tablet:5mg;25mg.
4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS

4.1 Non-specific
charcoal,activated
Powder.
4.2 Specific
acetylcysteine
Oralliquid:10%[c];20%[c].
atropine
Injection:1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.
calciumgluconate
deferoxamine
Powderforinjection:500mg(mesilate)invial.
dimercaprol
Injectioninoil:50mg/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:250mg.
DLmethionine*
*Willbereviewedforpossibledeletion.
methylthioniniumchloride
(methyleneblue)
naloxone
Injection:400micrograms(hydrochloride)in1mlampoule.
penicillamine
potassiumferrichexacyanoferrate(II)
2H20(Prussianblue)
Powderfororaladministration.
sodiumcalciumedetate
sodiumnitrite
sodiumthiosulfate
5. ANTICONVULSANTS/ANTIEPILEPTICS
carbamazepine
Tablet(chewable):100mg;200mg.
Tablet(scored):100mg;200mg.
diazepam
Gelorrectalsolution:5mg/mlin0.5ml;2mland4mltubes.
lorazepam
Parenteralformulation:2mg/mlin1mlampoule;4mg/mlin
1mlampoule.
Injection:500mg/mlin2mlampoule;500mg/mlin
10mlampoule.
magnesiumsulfate*
*Foruseineclampsiaandseverepreeclampsiaandnotforother
convulsantdisorders.
EML 16 (March 2010)
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WHOModelList
Injection:200mg/ml(phenobarbitalsodium).
phenobarbital
Oralliquid:15mg/5ml(phenobarbital).
Tablet:15mgto100mg(phenobarbital).
Capsule:25mg;50mg;100mg(sodiumsalt).
Injection:50mg/mlin5mlvial(sodiumsalt).
Oralliquid:25mgto30mg/5ml.*
phenytoin
Tablet:25mg;50mg;100mg(sodiumsalt).
Tablet(chewable):50mg.
*Thepresenceofboth25mg/5mland30mg/5mlstrengthson
thesamemarketwouldcauseconfusioninprescribingand
dispensingandshouldbeavoided.
valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)
Tablet(crushable):100mg.
Tablet(entericcoated):200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).
ComplementaryList
Capsule:250mg.
ethosuximide
6. ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES
6.1 Anthelminthics
6.1.1 Intestinal anthelminthics
albendazole
levamisole
Tablet:50mg;150mg(ashydrochloride).
mebendazole
Tablet(chewable):100mg;500mg.
niclosamide*
*Niclosamideislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.
praziquantel
Tablet:150mg;600mg.
Oralliquid:50mg(asembonate)/ml.
pyrantel
Tablet(chewable):250mg(asembonate).
6.1.2 Antifilarials
ivermectin
ComplementaryList
diethylcarbamazine
Tablet:50mg;100mg(dihydrogencitrate).
Powderforinjection:1ginvial.
suraminsodium*
*Willbereviewedforpossibledeletion.
EML 16 (March 2010)
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6.1.3 Antischistosomals and antitrematode medicines

praziquantel
Tablet:600mg.
triclabendazole
Tablet:250mg.
ComplementaryList
Capsule:250mg.
oxamniquine*
*Oxamniquineislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.
6.2 Antibacterials
6.2.1 Beta Lactam medicines
amoxicillin
Powderfororalliquid:125mg(anhydrous)/5ml;250mg
(anhydrous)/5ml[c].
Solidoraldosageform:250mg;500mg(anhydrous).
amoxicillin+clavulanicacid
Oralliquid:125mgamoxicillin+31.25mgclavulanicacid/5ml
AND250mgamoxicillin+62.5mgclavulanicacid/5ml[c].
Tablet:500mg+125mg.
ampicillin
Powderforinjection:500mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
benzathinebenzylpenicillin
Powderforinjection:900mgbenzylpenicillin(=1.2millionIU)
in5mlvial[c];1.44gbenzylpenicillin(=2.4millionIU)in5ml
vial.
benzylpenicillin
Powderforinjection:600mg(=1millionIU);3g(=5millionIU)
(sodiumorpotassiumsalt)invial.
cefalexin[c]
Powderforreconstitutionwithwater:125mg/5ml;
250mg/5ml.
Powderforinjection:1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
cefazolin*a
*Forsurgicalprophylaxis.
a
>1 month.
Capsule:400mg.
cefixime*
*Onlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofuncomplicatedano
genitalgonorrhoea.
Powderforinjection:250mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
ceftriaxone*a
*Donotadministerwithcalciumandavoidininfantswith
hyperbilirubinemia.
a
>41 weeks corrected gestational age.
Capsule:500mg;1g(assodiumsalt).
cloxacillin
Powderforinjection:500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Powderfororalliquid:125mg(assodiumsalt)/5ml.
EML 16 (March 2010)
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Powderfororalliquid:250mg(aspotassiumsalt)/5ml.
phenoxymethylpenicillin
Tablet:250mg(aspotassiumsalt).
Powderforinjection:1g(=1millionIU);3g(=3millionIU)in
vial.
procainebenzylpenicillin*
*Procainebenzylpenicillinisnotrecommendedasfirstline
treatmentforneonatalsepsisexceptinsettingswithhigh
neonatalmortality,whengivenbytrainedhealthworkersin
caseswherehospitalcareisnotachievable.
ComplementaryList
Powderforinjection:250mgpervial.
cefotaxime*[c]
*3rdgenerationcephalosporinofchoiceforuseinhospitalized
neonates.
ceftazidime
Powderforinjection:250mgor1g(aspentahydrate)invial.
Powderforinjection:250mg(asmonohydrate)+250mg(assodium
salt);500mg(asmonohydrate)+500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
imipenem*+cilastatin*
*Onlylistedforthetreatmentoflifethreateninghospitalbased
infectionduetosuspectedorprovenmultidrugresistantinfection.
Meropenemisindicatedforthetreatmentofmeningitisandislicensed
foruseinchildrenovertheageof3months.
6.2.2 Other antibacterials

Capsule:250mg;500mg.
azithromycin*
*OnlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofgenitalChlamydia
trachomatisandoftrachoma.
Capsule:250mg.
Oilysuspensionforinjection*:0.5g(assodiumsuccinate)/mlin
2mlampoule.
chloramphenicol
*Onlyforthepresumptivetreatmentofepidemicmeningitisin
childrenolderthan2years.
Oralliquid:150mg(aspalmitate)/5ml.
Powderforinjection:1g(sodiumsuccinate)invial.
Oralliquid:250mg/5ml[c].
ciprofloxacin
SolutionforIVinfusion:2mg/ml[c].
Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).
Oralliquid:25mg/5ml[c];50mg/5ml[c].
doxycyclinea
Solidoraldosageform:50mg[c];100mg(hydrochloride).
aUse in children <8 years only for life-threatening infections when no
alternative exists.
EML 16 (March 2010)
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Powderforinjection:500mg(aslactobionate)invial.
erythromycin
Powderfororalliquid:125mg/5ml(asstearateorethyl
succinate).
Solidoraldosageform:250mg(asstearateorethylsuccinate).
gentamicin
Injection:10mg;40mg(assulfate)/mlin2mlvial.
Injection:500mgin100mlvial.
metronidazole
Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.
Suppository:500mg;1g.
nitrofurantoin
spectinomycin
Tablet:100mg.
Powderforinjection:2g(ashydrochloride)invial.
Injection:
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim
80mg+16mg/mlin5mlampoule;
80mg+16mg/mlin10mlampoule.
Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5ml.
Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg.
trimethoprima
Tablet:100mg;200mg.
a
>6 months.
ComplementaryList
Capsule:150mg.
clindamycin
Injection:150mg(asphosphate)/ml.
vancomycin
Powderforinjection:250mg(ashydrochloride)invial.
6.2.3 Antileprosy medicines

Medicines used in the treatment of leprosy should never be used except in combination. Combination
therapyisessentialtopreventtheemergenceofdrugresistance.Colourcodedblisterpacks(MDTblister
packs) containing standard two medicine (paucibacillary leprosy) or three medicine (multibacillary
leprosy)combinationsforadultandchildhoodleprosyshouldbeused.MDTblisterpackscanbesupplied
freeofchargethroughWHO.
clofazimine
Capsule:50mg;100mg.
dapsone
Tablet:25mg;50mg;100mg.
rifampicin
Solidoraldosageform:150mg;300mg.
EML 16 (March 2010)
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6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines

ethambutol
ethambutol+isoniazid
Tablet:100mgto400mg(hydrochloride).
Tablet:400mg+150mg.
ethambutol+isoniazid+pyrazinamide
Tablet:275mg+75mg+400mg+150mg.
+rifampicin
ethambutol+isoniazid+rifampicin
Tablet:275mg+75mg+150mg.
isoniazid
Tablet(scored):50mg.
Tablet:
isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicin 75mg+400mg+150mg.
150mg+500mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimes
weekly).
Tablet:
isoniazid+rifampicin
75mg+150mg;150mg+300mg.
60mg+60mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).
150mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).
Tablet:400mg.
pyrazinamide
Tablet(dispersible):150mg.
Capsule:150mg.*
rifabutin
*ForuseonlyinpatientswithHIVreceivingproteaseinhibitors.
rifampicin
streptomycin
Powderforinjection:1g(assulfate)invial.
ComplementaryList
Reservesecondlinedrugsforthetreatmentofmultidrugresistanttuberculosis(MDRTB)shouldbe
usedinspecializedcentresadheringtoWHOstandardsforTBcontrol.
amikacin
Powderforinjection:100mg;500mg;1ginvial.
capreomycin
cycloserine
ethionamide
Tablet:125mg;250mg.
kanamycin
EML 16 (March 2010)
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Tablet:200mg;400mg.
ofloxacin*
*Levofloxacinmaybeanalternativebasedonavailabilityand
programmeconsiderations.
Granules:4ginsachet.
paminosalicylicacid
Tablet:500mg.
6.3 Antifungal medicines
Vaginalcream:1%;10%.
clotrimazole
Vaginaltablet:100mg;500mg.
Capsule:50mg.
fluconazole
Injection:2mg/mlinvial.
griseofulvin
Lozenge:100000IU.
nystatin
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml[c];100000IU/ml[c].
Pessary:100000IU.
Tablet:100000IU;500000IU.
ComplementaryList
amphotericinB
Powderforinjection:50mginvial.
Asdeoxycholateorliposomal.
Capsule:250mg.
flucytosine
Infusion:2.5gin250ml.
potassiumiodide
Saturatedsolution.
6.4 Antiviral medicines

6.4.1 Antiherpes medicines
aciclovir
Tablet:200mg.
EML 16 (March 2010)
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6.4.2 Antiretrovirals
Basedoncurrentevidenceandexperienceofuse,medicinesinthefollowingthreeclassesofantiretrovirals
are included as essential medicines for treatment and prevention of HIV (prevention of mothertochild
transmission and postexposure prophylaxis). The Committee emphasizes the importance of using these
products in accordance with global and national guidelines. The Committee recommends and endorses
the use of fixeddose combinations and the development of appropriate new fixeddose combinations,
including modified dosage forms, nonrefrigerated products and paediatric dosage forms of assured
pharmaceuticalquality.
Scoredtabletscanbeusedinchildrenandthereforecanbeconsideredforinclusioninthelistingoftablets,
providedadequatequalityproductsareavailable.
6.4.2.1 Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Oralliquid:100mg(assulfate)/5ml.
abacavir(ABC)
Tablet:300mg(assulfate).
Bufferedpowderfororalliquid:100mg;167mg;250mgpackets.
didanosine(ddI)
Capsule(unbufferedentericcoated):125mg;200mg;250mg;
400mg.
Tablet(bufferedchewable,dispersible):25mg;50mg;100mg;
150mg;200mg.
Capsule:200mg.
Oralliquid:10mg/ml.
emtricitabine(FTC)*a
*FTCisanacceptablealternativeto3TC,basedonknowledgeof
thepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsof
antiretrovirals.
a
>3 months.
lamivudine(3TC)
Tablet:150mg.
Capsule:15mg;20mg;30mg.
stavudine(d4T)
Powderfororalliquid:5mg/5ml.
tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate(TDF)
Tablet:300mg(tenofovirdisoproxilfumarateequivalentto
245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).
Capsule:100mg;250mg.
zidovudine(ZDVorAZT)
SolutionforIVinfusioninjection:10mg/mlin20mlvial.
Tablet:300mg.
EML 16 (March 2010)
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6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)a
Tablet:600mg.
a
>3 years or >10 kg weight.
nevirapine(NVP)
Tablet:200mg.
6.4.2.3 Protease inhibitors
Selection of protease inhibitor(s) from the Model List will need to be determined by each country after
considerationofinternationalandnationaltreatmentguidelinesandexperience.Ritonavirisrecommended
foruseincombinationasapharmacologicalbooster,andnotasanantiretroviralinitsownright.Allother
proteaseinhibitorsshouldbeusedinboostedforms(e.g.withritonavir).
Solidoraldosageform:100mg;150mg;300mg.
atazanavira
indinavir(IDV)
>25 kg.
Solidoraldosageform:400mg(assulfate).
Capsule:133.3mg+33.3mg.
lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r)
Oralliquid:400mg+100mg/5ml.
Tablet(heatstable):100mg+25mg;200mg+50mg.
ritonavir
Tablet(heatstable):25mg;100mg.
saquinavir(SQV)a
>25 kg.
FIXED-DOSE COMBINATIONS
efavirenz+emtricitabine*+tenofovir
antiretrovirals.
emtricitabine*+tenofovir
Tablet:200mg+300mg.
antiretrovirals.
lamivudine+nevirapine+stavudine
lamivudine+nevirapine+
zidovudine
EML 16 (March 2010)
Tablet(dispersible):
30mg+50mg+6mg[c];60mg+100mg+12mg[c].
Tablet:30mg+50mg+60mg[c];150mg+200mg+300mg.
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lamivudine+zidovudine
Tablet:30mg+60mg[c];150mg+300mg.
6.4.3 Other antivirals

Oralpowder:12mg/ml.
oseltamivir*R
*OseltamivirshouldbeusedonlyincompliancewiththeWHO
treatmentguidelines,i.e.(1)fortreatmentofpatientswithsevere
orprogressiveclinicalillnesswithconfirmedorsuspected
influenzapandemic(H1N1)2009,(2)forthetreatmentofpatients
withconfirmedorsuspectedbutuncomplicatedillnessdueto
pandemicinfluenzavirusinfectionwhowereinhigherrisk
groups,mostnotablyforpregnantwomenandchildrenunder
2yearsofage.
RTheCommitteerecommendedthatitsdecisiontoinclude
oseltamivirbereviewedatthenextmeetingoftheExpert
Committee.
Injectionforintravenousadministration:800mgand1gin10ml
phosphatebuffersolution.
ribavirin*
*Forthetreatmentofviralhaemorrhagicfeversonly.
6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines

6.5.1 Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines
diloxanidea
Tablet:500mg(furoate).
a
>25 kg.
Injection:500mgin100mlvial.
metronidazole
Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.
6.5.2 Antileishmaniasis medicines

amphotericinB
paromomycin
sodiumstibogluconateormeglumine
antimoniate
EML 16 (March 2010)
Asdeoxycholateorliposomal.
Solutionforintramuscularinjection:750mgofparomomycin
basepresentasthesulfate.
Injection:100mg/ml,1vial=30mlor30%,equivalentto
approximately8.1%antimonyin5mlampoule.
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6.5.3 Antimalarial medicines

6.5.3.1 For curative treatment
MedicinesforthetreatmentofP.falciparummalariacasesshouldbeusedincombination.Thelistcurrently
recommendscombinationsaccordingtotreatmentguidelines.TheCommitteerecognizesthatnotallof
theseFDCsexistandencouragestheirdevelopmentandrigoroustesting.TheCommitteealsoencourages
developmentandtestingofrectaldosageformulations.
Tablet:153mgor200mg(ashydrochloride).
amodiaquine*
*Tobeused(a)incombinationwithartesunate50mgOR
(b)maybeusedaloneforthetreatmentofP.vivax,P.ovaleand
P.malariaeinfections.
Oilyinjection:80mg/mlin1mlampoule.
artemether*
*Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.
Tablet:20mg+120mg.
artemether+lumefantrine*
Tablet(dispersible):20mg+120mg[c].
*Notrecommendedinthefirsttrimesterofpregnancyorin
childrenbelow5kg.
Injection:ampoules,containing60mganhydrousartesunicacid
withaseparateampouleof5%sodiumbicarbonatesolution.
Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.
artesunate*
Rectaldosageform:50mg[c];200mgcapsules(forprereferral
treatmentofseveremalariaonly;patientsshouldbetakentoan
appropriatehealthfacilityforfollowupcare)[c].
Tablet:50mg.
*Tobeusedincombinationwitheitheramodiaquine,mefloquine
orsulfadoxine+pyrimethamine.
Oralliquid:50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5ml.
chloroquine*
Tablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
*ForuseonlyforthetreatmentofP.vivaxinfection.
Capsule:100mg(ashydrochloride).
doxycycline*
Tablet(dispersible):100mg(asmonohydrate).
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithquinine.
mefloquine*
*Tobeusedincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
Tablet:7.5mg;15mg(asdiphosphate).
primaquine*
EML 16 (March 2010)
*OnlyforusetoachieveradicalcureofP.vivaxandP.ovale
infections,givenfor14days.
page - 13
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
Injection:300mgquininehydrochloride/mlin2mlampoule.
quinine*
Tablet:300mg(quininesulfate)or300mg(quininebisulfate).
*Foruseonlyinthemanagementofseveremalaria,andshouldbe
usedincombinationwithdoxycycline.
Tablet:500mg+25mg.
sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine*
*Onlyincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
6.5.3.2 For prophylaxis
Oralliquid:50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5ml.
chloroquine*
Tablet:150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
*ForuseonlyincentralAmericanregions,foruseforP.vivax.
Solidoraldosageform:100mg(ashydrochloride).
doxycyclinea
>8 years.
mefloquinea
>5 kg or >3 months.
proguanil*
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithchloroquine.
6.5.4 Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines
pyrimethamine
Tablet:25mg.
sulfadiazine
Tablet:500mg.
Injection:
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim
80mg+16mg/mlin5mlampoule;
80mg+16mg/mlin10mlampoule.
Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5ml[c].
Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg[c].
ComplementaryList
pentamidine
Tablet:200mg;300mg.
6.5.5 Antitrypanosomal medicines

6.5.5.1 African trypanosomiasis
Medicinesforthetreatmentof1ststageAfricantrypanosomiasis
Powderforinjection:200mg(pentamidineisetionate)invial.
pentamidine*
*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambiense
infection.
suraminsodium*
EML 16 (March 2010)
*Tobeusedforthetreatmentoftheinitialphaseof
Trypanosomabruceirhodesienseinfection.
page - 14
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
Medicinesforthetreatmentof2ndstageAfricantrypanosomiasis
Injection:200mg(hydrochloride)/mlin100mlbottle.
eflornithine*
melarsoprol
nifurtimox*
*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambiense
infection.
Injection:3.6%solution,5mlampoule(180mgofactive
compound).
Tablet:120mg.
*Onlytobeusedincombinationwitheflornithine,forthe
treatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambienseinfection.
6.5.5.2 American trypanosomiasis

benznidazole
Tablet:100mg.
nifurtimox
7. ANTIMIGRAINE MEDICINES
7.1 For treatment of acute attack
acetylsalicylicacid
ibuprofen[c]
Tablet:200mg;400mg.
paracetamol
7.2 For prophylaxis

propranolol
Tablet:20mg;40mg(hydrochloride).
8. ANTINEOPLASTIC, IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES AND MEDICINES USED IN

PALLIATIVE CARE
8.1 Immunosuppressive medicines
ComplementaryList
azathioprine
Tablet:50mg.
Capsule:25mg.
ciclosporin
Concentrateforinjection:50mg/mlin1mlampoulefororgan
transplantation.
8.2 Cytotoxic medicines

ComplementaryList
allopurinol[c]
asparaginase
Powderforinjection:10000IUinvial.
bleomycin
Powderforinjection:15mg(assulfate)invial.
calciumfolinate
Tablet:15mg.
EML 16 (March 2010)
page - 15
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
carboplatin
Injection:50mg/5ml;150mg/15ml;450mg/45ml;600mg/60ml.
chlorambucil
Tablet:2mg.
cyclophosphamide
Tablet:25mg.
cytarabine
dacarbazine
dactinomycin
Powderforinjection:500microgramsinvial.
daunorubicin
Powderforinjection:50mg(ashydrochloride)invial.
doxorubicin
Powderforinjection:10mg;50mg(hydrochloride)invial.
Capsule:100mg.
etoposide
fluorouracil
hydroxycarbamide
Solidoraldosageform:200mg;250mg;300mg;400mg;500mg;
1g.
ifosfamide
Powderforinjection:1gvial;2gvial.
mercaptopurine
Tablet:50mg.
Injection:100mg/mlin4mland10mlampoules.
mesna
Tablet:400mg;600mg.
methotrexate
Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).
procarbazine
Capsule:50mg(ashydrochloride).
vinblastine
Powderforinjection:10mg(sulfate)invial.
vincristine
Powderforinjection:1mg;5mg(sulfate)invial.
8.3 Hormones and antihormones

ComplementaryList
dexamethasone
Injection:4mgdexamethasonephosphate(asdisodiumsalt)in
1mlampoule.
hydrocortisone
prednisolone
tamoxifen
EML 16 (March 2010)
Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.
Tablet:5mg;25mg.
Tablet:10mg;20mg(ascitrate).
page - 16
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
8.4 Medicines used in palliative care

TheWHOExpertCommitteerecognizestheimportanceoflistingspecificmedicinesinthePalliativeCare
Section.SomemedicinescurrentlyusedinpalliativecareareincludedintherelevantsectionsoftheModel
List, according to their therapeutic use, e.g. analgesics. The Guidelines for Palliative Care that were
referenced in the previous list are in need of update. The Committee expects applications for medicines
neededforpalliativecaretobesubmittedforthenextmeeting.Forpalliativecaremedicinesinchildren,
seethesecondEMLc.
9. ANTIPARKINSONISM MEDICINES
Injection:5mg(lactate)in1mlampoule.
biperiden
Tablet:2mg(hydrochloride).
levodopa+carbidopa
Tablet:100mg+10mg;250mg+25mg.
10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD

10.1 Antianaemia medicines
Oralliquid:equivalentto25mgiron(assulfate)/ml.
ferroussalt
Tablet:equivalentto60mgiron.
ferroussalt+folicacid
Tabletequivalentto60mgiron+400microgramsfolicacid
(Nutritionalsupplementforuseduringpregnancy).
folicacid
Tablet:1mg;5mg.
hydroxocobalamin
Injection:1mgin1mlampoule.
10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation

heparinsodium
Injection:1000IU/ml;5000IU/ml;20000IU/mlin1mlampoule.
Injection:1mg/ml[c];10mg/mlin5mlampoule.
phytomenadione
Tablet:10mg.
protaminesulfate
warfarin
Tablet:1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).
heparinsodium
Injection:1000IU/ml;5000IU/mlin1mlampoule.
protaminesulfate
warfarin
Tablet:0.5mg;1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).
11. BLOOD PRODUCTS AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES

11.1 Plasma substitutes
dextran70*
Injectablesolution:6%.
*Polygeline,injectablesolution,3.5%isconsideredasequivalent.
11.2 Plasma fractions for specific use

All plasma fractions should comply with the WHO Requirements for the Collection, Processing and
Quality Control of Blood, Blood Components and Plasma Derivatives (Revised 1992). (WHO Technical
ReportSeries,No.840,1994,Annex2).
EML 16 (March 2010)
page - 17
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
ComplementaryList
factorVIIIconcentrate
Dried.
factorIXcomplex(coagulation
factors,II,VII,IX,X)concentrate
Dried.
Intramuscularadministration:16%proteinsolution.*
Intravenousadministration:5%;10%proteinsolution.**
humannormalimmunoglobulin
Subcutaneousadministration:15%;16%proteinsolution.*
*Indicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiency.
**IndicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiencyandKawasakidisease.
12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES

12.1 Antianginal medicines
atenolol
Tablet:50mg;100mg.
glyceryltrinitrate
Tablet(sublingual):500micrograms.
isosorbidedinitrate
Tablet(sublingual):5mg.
verapamil
12.2 Antiarrhythmic medicines

atenolol
Tablet:50mg;100mg.
Injection:250micrograms/mlin2mlampoule.
digoxin
Oralliquid:50micrograms/ml.
Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.
Injection:100micrograms/ml(asacidtartrateorhydrochloride)in
10mlampoule.
lidocaine
Injection:2.5mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
verapamil
ComplementaryList
Injection:50mg/mlin3mlampoule(hydrochloride).
amiodarone
Tablet(HCI):100mg;200mg;400mg(hydrochloride).
12.3 Antihypertensive medicines
amlodipine
Tablet:5mg.
atenolol
Tablet:50mg;100mg.
enalapril
Tablet:2.5mg;5mg.
EML 16 (March 2010)
page - 18
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
Powderforinjection:20mg(hydrochloride)inampoule.
hydralazine*
hydrochlorothiazide
*Hydralazineislistedforuseintheacutemanagementofsevere
pregnancyinducedhypertensiononly.Itsuseinthetreatmentof
essentialhypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewofthe
availabilityofmoreevidenceofefficacyandsafetyofother
medicines.
Solidoraldosageform:12.5mg;25mg.
Tablet:250mg.
methyldopa*
*Methyldopaislistedforuseinthemanagementofpregnancy
inducedhypertensiononly.Itsuseinthetreatmentofessential
hypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewoftheavailabilityof
moreevidenceofefficacyandsafetyofothermedicines.
ComplementaryList
sodiumnitroprusside
Powderforinfusion:50mginampoule.
12.4 Medicines used in heart failure

Injection:250micrograms/mlin2mlampoule.
digoxin
Oralliquid:50micrograms/ml.
Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.
enalapril
Tablet:2.5mg;5mg.
furosemide
Tablet:40mg.
hydrochlorothiazide
ComplementaryList
dopamine
Injection:40mg/ml(hydrochloride)in5mlvial.
12.5 Antithrombotic medicines

acetylsalicylicacid
Tablet:100mg.
ComplementaryList
streptokinase
Powderforinjection:1.5millionIUinvial.
12.6 Lipid-lowering agents

simvastatin*
Tablet:5mg;10mg;20mg;40mg.
*Foruseinhighriskpatients.
EML 16 (March 2010)
page - 19
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES (topical)

13.1 Antifungal medicines
benzoicacid+salicylicacid
Creamorointment:6%+3%.
miconazole
Creamorointment:2%(nitrate).
sodiumthiosulfate
Solution:15%.
ComplementaryList
seleniumsulfide
Detergentbasedsuspension:2%.
13.2 Anti-infective medicines

methylrosaniliniumchloride
Aqueoussolution:0.5%.
(gentianviolet)
Tincture:0.5%.
neomycinsulfate+bacitracin
Ointment:5mgneomycinsulfate+250IUbacitracinzinc/g.
potassiumpermanganate
Aqueoussolution:1:10000.
Cream:1%.
silversulfadiazinea
>2 months.
13.3 Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

betamethasonea
Creamorointment:0.1%(asvalerate).
a
Hydrocortisone preferred in neonates.
calaminelotion
Lotion.
hydrocortisone
Creamorointment:1%(acetate).
13.4 Astringent medicines

aluminiumdiacetate
Solution:5%.
13.5 Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

benzoylperoxide
Creamorlotion:5%.
coaltar
Solution:5%.
dithranol
Ointment:0.1%to2%.
fluorouracil
Ointment:5%.
podophyllumresin
Solution:10%to25%.
salicylicacid
Solution:5%.
urea
Creamorointment:10%.
13.6 Scabicides and pediculicides

benzylbenzoatea
Lotion:25%.
a
>2 years.
Cream:5%.
permethrin
Lotion:1%.
EML 16 (March 2010)
page - 20
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS

14.1 Ophthalmic medicines
fluorescein
Eyedrops:1%(sodiumsalt).
tropicamide
Eyedrops:0.5%.
14.2 Radiocontrast media

amidotrizoate
Injection:140mgto420mgiodine(assodiumormeglumine
salt)/mlin20mlampoule.
bariumsulfate
Aqueoussuspension.
iohexol
Injection:140mgto350mgiodine/mlin5ml;10ml;20ml
ampoules.
ComplementaryList
bariumsulfate[c]
Aqueoussuspension.
meglumineiotroxate
Solution:5gto8giodinein100mlto250ml.
15. DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS

15.1 Antiseptics
chlorhexidine
Solution:5%(digluconate);20%(digluconate)(needstobediluted
priortouseforcordcare)[c].
ethanol
Solution:70%(denatured).
polyvidoneiodine
Solution:10%.
15.2 Disinfectants
chlorinebasecompound
Powder:(0.1%availablechlorine)forsolution.
chloroxylenol
Solution:4.8%.
glutaral
Solution:2%.
16. DIURETICS
amiloride
furosemide
Tablet:10mg[c];20mg[c];40mg.
hydrochlorothiazide
mannitol
Injectablesolution:10%;20%.
spironolactone
Tablet:25mg.
hydrochlorothiazide
mannitol
Injectablesolution:10%;20%.
EML 16 (March 2010)
page - 21
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
spironolactone
Oralliquid:5mg/5ml;10mg/5ml;25mg/5ml.
Tablet:25mg.
17. GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINES

pancreaticenzymes
Ageappropriateformulationsanddosesincludinglipase,proteaseand
amylase.
17.1 Antacids and other antiulcer medicines

aluminiumhydroxide
Tablet:500mg.
magnesiumhydroxide
omeprazole
Oralliquid:equivalentto550mgmagnesiumoxide/10ml.
Powderfororalliquid:20mg;40mgsachets.
ranitidine
17.2 Antiemetic medicines

dexamethasone
Oralliquid:0.5mg/5ml;2mg/5ml.
Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;0.75mg;1.5mg;4mg.
metoclopramidea
a
Not in neonates.
Injection:2mgbase/mlin2mlampoule(ashydrochloride).
Oralliquid:4mgbase/5ml.
ondansetrona
Solidoraldosageform:Eq4mgbase;Eq8mgbase;Eq24mg
base.
a
>1 month.
17.3 Anti-inflammatory medicines

Retentionenema.
sulfasalazine
Suppository:500mg.
Tablet:500mg.
ComplementaryList
Retentionenema.
hydrocortisone
EML 16 (March 2010)
Suppository:25mg(acetate).
(theonlyappliestohydrocortisoneretentionenema).
page - 22
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
17.4 Laxatives
senna
Tablet:7.5mg(sennosides)(ortraditionaldosageforms).
17.5 Medicines used in diarrhoea

17.5.1 Oral rehydration
oralrehydrationsalts
glucose:
sodium:
chloride:
potassium:
citrate:
osmolarity:
glucose:
sodiumchloride:
potassiumchloride:
trisodiumcitratedihydrate+:
75mEq
75mEqormmol/L
65mEqormmol/L
20mEqormmol/L
10mmol/L
245mOsm/L
13.5g/L
2.6g/L
1.5g/L
2.9g/L
+trisodiumcitratedihydratemaybereplacedbysodium
hydrogencarbonate(sodiumbicarbonate)2.5g/L.However,asthe
stabilityofthislatterformulationisverypoorundertropical
conditions,itisonlyrecommendedwhenmanufacturedfor
immediateuse.
Powderfordilutionin200ml;500ml;1L.
17.5.2 Medicines for diarrhoea in children
Oralliquid:in10mgperunitdosageforms.
zincsulfate*
Tablet:in10mgperunitdosageforms.
*Inacutediarrhoeazincsulfateshouldbeusedasanadjunctto
oralrehydrationsalts.
17.5.3 Antidiarrhoeal (symptomatic) medicines in adults

Tablet:30mg(phosphate).
codeine*
*Theroleofthisitemhasbeenquestionedanditscontinued
inclusiononthelistwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingofthe
ExpertCommittee.
18. HORMONES, OTHER ENDOCRINE MEDICINES AND CONTRACEPTIVES

18.1 Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes
fludrocortisone
Tablet:100micrograms.
hydrocortisone
18.2 Androgens
ComplementaryList
testosterone
Injection:200mg(enantate)in1mlampoule.
18.3 Contraceptives
18.3.1 Oral hormonal contraceptives
ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel
EML 16 (March 2010)
Tablet:30micrograms+150micrograms.
page - 23
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
ethinylestradiol+norethisterone
Tablet:35micrograms+1mg.
levonorgestrel
Tablet:30micrograms;750micrograms(packoftwo);1.5mg.
18.3.2 Injectable hormonal contraceptives

estradiolcypionate+
medroxyprogesteroneacetate
Injection:5mg+25mg.
medroxyprogesteroneacetate
Depotinjection:150mg/mlin1mlvial.
norethisteroneenantate
Oilysolution:200mg/mlin1mlampoule.
18.3.3 Intrauterine devices

coppercontainingdevice
18.3.4 Barrier methods
condoms
diaphragms
18.3.5 Implantable contraceptives
levonorgestrelreleasingimplant
Tworodlevonorgestrelreleasingimplant,eachrodcontaining
75mgoflevonorgestrel(150mgtotal).
18.4 Estrogens
Tablet:10micrograms;50micrograms.
ethinylestradiol*
*Thepublichealthrelevanceand/orcomparativeefficacyand/or
safetyofthisitemhasbeenquestionedanditscontinuedinclusion
onthelistwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingoftheExpert
Committee.
18.5 Insulins and other antidiabetic agents

glibenclamide
Tablet:2.5mg;5mg.
insulininjection(soluble)
Injection:40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial.
intermediateactinginsulin
Injection:40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial
(ascompoundinsulinzincsuspensionorisophaneinsulin).
metformin
metformin
18.6 Ovulation inducers

ComplementaryList
clomifene
EML 16 (March 2010)
Tablet:50mg(citrate).
page - 24
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
18.7 Progestogens
Tablet:5mg.
norethisterone*
Committee.
ComplementaryList
Tablet:5mg.
medroxyprogesteroneacetate*
Committee.
18.8 Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines

levothyroxine
Tablet:25micrograms[c];50micrograms;100micrograms
(sodiumsalt).
potassiumiodide
Tablet:60mg.
propylthiouracil
Tablet:50mg.
Lugolssolution
Oralliquid:about130mgtotaliodine/ml.
potassiumiodide
Tablet:60mg.
propylthiouracil
Tablet:50mg.
19. IMMUNOLOGICALS
19.1 Diagnostic agents
AlltuberculinsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforTuberculins(Revised1985).WHOExpert
CommitteeonBiologicalStandardization.Thirtysixthreport.(WHOTechnicalReportSeries,No.745,
1987,Annex1).
tuberculin,purifiedproteinderivative
Injection.
(PPD)
19.2 Sera and immunoglobulins
AllplasmafractionsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsfortheCollection,Processingand
QualityControlofBlood,BloodComponentsandPlasmaDerivatives(Revised1992).WHOExpert
CommitteeonBiologicalStandardization.Fortythirdreport.(WHOTechnicalReportSeries,No.840,1994,
Annex2).
antiDimmunoglobulin(human)
Injection:250microgramsinsingledosevial.
antitetanusimmunoglobulin(human) Injection:500IUinvial.
Injection.
antivenomimmunoglobulin*
*Exacttypetobedefinedlocally.
diphtheriaantitoxin
EML 16 (March 2010)
Injection:10000IU;20000IUinvial.
page - 25
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
rabiesimmunoglobulin
Injection:150IU/mlinvial.
19.3 Vaccines
SelectionofvaccinesfromtheModelListwillneedtobedeterminedbyeachcountryafterconsiderationof
international recommendations, epidemiology and national priorities. The list below details the vaccines
forwhichthereiseitherarecommendationfromtheStrategicAdvisoryGroupofExpertsonImmunization
(SAGE) (http://www.who.int/immunization/sage_conclusions/en/index.html) and/or a WHO position
paper (http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/positionpapers/en/index.html). This site will be
updated as new position papers are published and contains the most recent information and
recommendations.
AllvaccinesshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforBiologicalSubstances.
BCGvaccine
choleravaccine
diphtheriavaccine
hepatitisAvaccine
hepatitisBvaccine
Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine
influenzavaccine
Japaneseencephalitisvaccine
measlesvaccine
meningococcalmeningitisvaccine
mumpsvaccine
pertussisvaccine
pneumococcalvaccine
poliomyelitisvaccine
rabiesvaccine
rotavirusvaccine
rubellavaccine
tetanusvaccine
typhoidvaccine
varicellavaccine
yellowfevervaccine
20. MUSCLE RELAXANTS (PERIPHERALLY-ACTING) AND CHOLINESTERASE

INHIBITORS
alcuronium
Injection:5mg(chloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
neostigmine
Injection:500microgramsin1mlampoule;2.5mg(metilsulfate)
in1mlampoule.
Tablet:15mg(bromide).
EML 16 (March 2010)
page - 26
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
Injection:50mg(chloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
suxamethonium
Powderforinjection(chloride),invial.
vecuronium[c]
Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.
ComplementaryList
pyridostigmine
Tablet:60mg(bromide).
vecuronium
Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.
21. OPHTHALMOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS

ThissectionwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingoftheExpertCommittee.
21.1 Anti-infective agents
aciclovir
Ointment:3%W/W.
gentamicin
Solution(eyedrops):0.3%(sulfate).
tetracycline
Eyeointment:1%(hydrochloride).
21.2 Anti-inflammatory agents

prednisolone
Solution(eyedrops):0.5%(sodiumphosphate).
21.3 Local anaesthetics

tetracainea
Solution(eyedrops):0.5%(hydrochloride).
a
Not in preterm neonates.
21.4 Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines

acetazolamide
Tablet:250mg.
pilocarpine
Solution(eyedrops):2%;4%(hydrochlorideornitrate).
timolol
Solution(eyedrops):0.25%;0.5%(asmaleate).
21.5 Mydriatics
Solution(eyedrops):0.1%;0.5%;1%(sulfate).
atropine* a
*[c]ORhomatropineORcyclopentolate.
a
>3 months.
ComplementaryList
Solution(eyedrops):2%(ashydrochloride).
22. OXYTOCICS AND ANTIOXYTOCICS

22.1 Oxytocics
ergometrine
Injection:200micrograms(hydrogenmaleate)in1mlampoule.
oxytocin
Injection:10IUin1mlampoule.
EML 16 (March 2010)
page - 27
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
ComplementaryList
misoprostol
Tablet:200micrograms.*
*Formanagementofincompleteabortionandmiscarriage.
Vaginaltablet:25micrograms.
mifepristone*misoprostol*
Wherepermittedunder
nationallawandwhere
culturallyacceptable.
Tablet200mgtablet200micrograms.
*Requiresclosemedicalsupervision.
22.2 Antioxytocics (tocolytics)

nifedipine
Immediatereleasecapsule:10mg.
23. PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION

ComplementaryList
intraperitonealdialysissolution
(ofappropriatecomposition)
Parenteralsolution.
24. PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC MEDICINES

24.1 Medicines used in psychotic disorders
chlorpromazine
fluphenazine
haloperidol
Injection:25mg(decanoateorenantate)in1mlampoule.
Tablet:2mg;5mg.
chlorpromazine
Tablet:10mg;25mg;50mg;100mg(hydrochloride).
haloperidol
Oralliquid:2mg/ml.
Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;2mg;5mg.
24.2 Medicines used in mood disorders

24.2.1 Medicines used in depressive disorders
amitriptyline
fluoxetine
Solidoraldosageform:20mg(presentashydrochloride).
EML 16 (March 2010)
page - 28
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
fluoxetinea
Solidoraldosageform:20mg(presentashydrochloride).
a
>8 years.
24.2.2 Medicines used in bipolar disorders

carbamazepine
lithiumcarbonate
valproicacid
Tablet(entericcoated):200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).
24.3 Medicines used in generalized anxiety

diazepam
24.4 Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders and panic attacks
clomipramine
Capsule:10mg;25mg(hydrochloride).
24.5 Medicines used in substance dependence programmes

nicotinereplacementtherapy(NRT)
Chewinggum:2mg;4mg.
Transdermalpatch:5mgto30mg/16hrs;7mgto21mg/24hrs.
ComplementaryList
Concentratefororalliquid:5mg/ml;10mg/ml(hydrochloride).
methadone*
Oralliquid:5mg/5ml;10mg/5ml.
*Thesquareboxisaddedtoincludebuprenorphine.Themedicines
shouldonlybeusedwithinanestablishedsupportprogramme.
25. MEDICINES ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

25.1 Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
beclometasone
Inhalation(aerosol):50micrograms(dipropionate)perdose;
100micrograms(dipropionate)perdose(asCFCfreeforms).
budesonide[c]
Inhalation(aerosol):100microgramsperdose;200micrograms
perdose.
Injection:1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in
1mlampoule.
ipratropiumbromide
Inhalation(aerosol):20micrograms/metereddose.
Inhalation(aerosol):100micrograms(assulfate)perdose.
Injection:50micrograms(assulfate)/mlin5mlampoule.
Metereddoseinhaler(aerosol):100micrograms(assulfate)per
dose.
salbutamol*
Oralliquid:2mg/5ml.
Respiratorsolutionforuseinnebulizers:5mg(assulfate)/ml.
Tablet:2mg;4mg(assulfate).
*Oralsalbutamoltreatmentshouldonlybeconsideredwhen
inhaledasthmatherapyisnotfeasible.
EML 16 (March 2010)
page - 29
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
26. SOLUTIONS CORRECTING WATER, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE

DISTURBANCES
26.1 Oral
oralrehydrationsalts
Seesection17.5.1.
potassiumchloride
Powderforsolution.
26.2 Parenteral
glucose
Injectablesolution:5%(isotonic);10%(hypertonic);
50%(hypertonic).
Injectablesolution:4%glucose,0.18%sodiumchloride
(equivalenttoNa+30mmol/L,Cl30mmol/L).
glucosewithsodiumchloride
Injectablesolution:5%glucose,0.9%sodiumchloride(equivalent
to150mmol/LNa+and150mmol/LCl);5%glucose,0.45%
sodiumchloride(equivalentto75mmol/LNa+and75mmol/L
Cl)[c].
Solution:11.2%in20mlampoule
(equivalenttoK+1.5mmol/ml,Cl1.5mmol/ml).
potassiumchloride
sodiumchloride
Solutionfordilution:7.5%(equivalenttoK1mmol/mland
Cl1mmol/ml)[c];15%(equivalenttoK2mmol/mland
Cl2mmol/ml)[c].
Injectablesolution:0.9%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+154mmol/L,
Cl154mmol/L).
Injectablesolution:1.4%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+167mmol/L,
HCO3167mmol/L).
sodiumhydrogencarbonate
Solution:8.4%in10mlampoule(equivalenttoNa+1000mmol/L,
HCO31000mmol/L).
sodiumlactate,compoundsolution
Injectablesolution.
26.3 Miscellaneous
waterforinjection
2ml;5ml;10mlampoules.
27. VITAMINS AND MINERALS

ascorbicacid
Tablet:50mg.
Oralliquid:400IU/ml.
cholecalciferol*[c]
Solidoraldosageform:400IU;1000IU.
*Ergocalciferolcanbeusedasanalternative.
ergocalciferol
Oralliquid:250micrograms/ml(10000IU/ml).
Solidoraldosageform:1.25mg(50000IU).
Capsule:200mg.
iodine
EML 16 (March 2010)
Iodizedoil:1ml(480mgiodine);0.5ml(240mgiodine)in
ampoule(oralorinjectable);0.57ml(308mgiodine)indispenser
bottle.
page - 30
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
nicotinamide
Tablet:50mg.
pyridoxine
Capsule:50000IU;100000IU;200000IU(aspalmitate).
Oraloilysolution:100000IU(aspalmitate)/mlinmultidose
dispenser.
retinol
Tablet(sugarcoated):10000IU(aspalmitate).
Watermiscibleinjection:100000IU(aspalmitate)in
2mlampoule.
riboflavin
Tablet:5mg.
sodiumfluoride
Inanyappropriatetopicalformulation.
thiamine
ComplementaryList
calciumgluconate
28. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN [c]

aceticacid
Topical:2%,inalcohol.
budesonide
Nasalspray:100microgramsperdose.
ciprofloxacin
Topical:0.3%drops.
Nasalspray:0.05%.
xylometazolinea
aNot in children less than 3 months.
29. SPECIFIC MEDICINES FOR NEONATAL CARE [c]

caffeinecitrate
Injection:20mg/ml(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/ml).
Oralliquid:20mg/ml(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/ml).
ComplementaryList
ibuprofen
Solutionforinjection:5mg/ml.
Solutionforinjection:
prostaglandinE
ProstaglandinE1:0.5mg/mlinalcohol.
ProstaglandinE2:1mg/ml.
surfactant
Suspensionforintratrachealinstillation:25mg/mlor80mg/ml.
EML 16 (March 2010)
page - 31
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
Table 1: Medicines with age or weight restrictions

atazanavir
atropine
benzylbenzoate
betamethasonetopicalpreparations
cefazolin
ceftriaxone
chlorphenamine
diloxanide
doxycycline
efavirenz
emtricitabine
fluoxetine
ibuprofen
mefloquine
metoclopramide
ondansetron
saquinavir
silversulfadiazine
tetracaine
trimethoprim
xylometazoline
>25kg
>3months
>2years
Hydrocortisonepreferredinneonates
>1month
>41weekscorrectedgestationalage
>1year
>25kg
>8years(exceptforseriousinfectionse.g.cholera)
>3yearsor>10kg
>3months
>8years
>3months(exceptIVformforpatentductusarteriosus)
>5kgor>3months
Notinneonates
>1month
>25kg
>2months
Notinpretermneonates
>6months
>3months
EML 16 (March 2010)
page - 32
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
Annex 1: Explanation of dosage forms
A. Principal dosage forms used in EMLc - Oral administration
Term
Solidoraldosageform
Tablets
Tablets(qualified)
Definition
Referstotabletsorcapsulesorothersoliddosageformssuchasmelts
thatareimmediatereleasepreparations.Itimpliesthatthereisno
differenceinclinicalefficacyorsafetybetweentheavailabledosage
forms,andcountriesshouldthereforechoosetheform(s)tobelisted
dependingonqualityandavailability.
Thetermsolidoraldosageformisneverintendedtoallowanytypeof
modifiedreleasetablet.
Refersto:
uncoatedorcoated(filmcoatedorsugarcoated)tabletsthatare
intendedtobeswallowedwhole;
unscoredandscored*;
tabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeingswallowed;
tabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedordissolvedinwateror
anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
tabletsthatareintendedtobecrushedbeforebeingswallowed.
Thetermtabletwithoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany
typeofmodifiedreleasetablet.
Referstoaspecifictypeoftablet:
chewabletabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeing
swallowed;
dispersibletabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedinwateror
anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
solubletabletsthatareintendedtobedissolvedinwateroranother
suitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
crushabletabletsthatareintendedtobecrushedbeforebeing
swallowed;
scoredtabletsbearingabreakmarkormarkswheresubdivisionis
intendedinordertoprovidedosesoflessthanonetablet;
sublingualtabletsthatareintendedtobeplacedbeneaththetongue.
Thetermtabletisalwaysqualifiedwithanadditionalterm(in
parentheses)inentrieswhereoneofthefollowingtypesoftabletis
intended:gastroresistant(suchtabletsmaysometimesbedescribedas
entericcoatedorasdelayedrelease),prolongedreleaseoranother
modifiedreleaseform.
Scoredtabletsmaybedividedforeaseofswallowing,provideddoseisawholenumberoftablets.
page - 33
EML 16 (March 2010)
*
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
Term
Capsules
Capsules(qualified)
Granules
Oralpowder
Oralliquid
Definition
Referstohardorsoftcapsules.
Thetermcapsulewithoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany
typeofmodifiedreleasecapsule.
Thetermcapsulewithqualificationreferstogastroresistant(such
capsulesmaysometimesbedescribedasentericcoatedorasdelayed
release),prolongedreleaseoranothermodifiedreleaseform.
Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientasgranulestobeswallowed
withoutfurtherpreparation,tobechewed,ortobetakeninorwith
wateroranothersuitableliquid.
Thetermgranuleswithoutfurtherqualificationisneverintendedto
allowanytypeofmodifiedreleasegranules.
Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientaspowder(usuallyassingle
dose)tobetakeninorwithwateroranothersuitableliquid.
Liquidpreparationsintendedtobeswallowedi.e.oralsolutions,
suspensions,emulsionsandoraldrops,includingthoseconstitutedfrom
powdersorgranules,butnotthosepreparationsintendedfororomucosal
administratione.g.garglesandmouthwashes.
Oralliquidspresentedaspowdersorgranulesmayofferbenefitsinthe
formofbetterstabilityandlowertransportcosts.Ifmorethanonetype
oforalliquidisavailableonthesamemarket(e.g.solution,suspension,
granulesforreconstitution),theymaybeinterchangedandinsuchcases
shouldbebioequivalent.Itispreferablethatoralliquidsdonotcontain
sugarandthatsolutionsforchildrendonotcontainalcohol.
B. Principal dosage forms used in EMLc - Parenteral administration
Term
Injection
Injection(qualified)
Injection(oily)
Intravenousinfusion
Definition
Referstosolutions,suspensionsandemulsionsincludingthose
constitutedfrompowdersorconcentratedsolutions.
Routeofadministrationisindicatedinparentheseswhererelevant.
Theterminjectionisqualifiedby(oily)inrelevantentries.
Referstosolutionsandemulsionsincludingthoseconstitutedfrom
powdersorconcentratedsolutions.
EML 16 (March 2010)
page - 34
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
C. Other dosage forms
Modeof
administration
Totheeye
Topical
Rectal
Vaginal
Inhalation
Termtobeused
Eyedrops,eyeointments.
Forliquids:lotions,paints.
Forsemisolids:cream,ointment.
Suppositories,gelorsolution.
Pessariesorvaginaltablets.
Powderforinhalation,pressurizedinhalation,nebulizer.
EML 16 (March 2010)
page - 35
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
Index
abacavir(ABC) ........................................................ 10
acetazolamide.......................................................... 27
aceticacid................................................................. 31
acetylcysteine ............................................................ 3
acetylsalicylicacid .................................... 1,2,15,19
aciclovir ................................................................ 9,27
albendazole................................................................ 4
alcuronium............................................................... 26
allopurinol ........................................................... 2,15
aluminiumdiacetate............................................... 20
aluminiumhydroxide ............................................ 22
amidotrizoate .......................................................... 21
amikacin....................................................................... 8
amiloride .................................................................. 21
amiodarone ................................................................ 18
amitriptyline ............................................................ 28
amlodipine............................................................... 18
amodiaquine............................................................ 13
amoxicillin ................................................................. 5
amoxicillin+clavulanicacid ................................... 5
amphotericinB....................................................... 9,12
ampicillin ................................................................... 5
antiDimmunoglobulin(human) ......................... 25
antitetanusimmunoglobulin(human)................. 25
antivenomimmunoglobulin ................................. 25
artemether................................................................ 13
artemether+lumefantrine ..................................... 13
artesunate................................................................. 13
ascorbicacid ............................................................ 30
asparaginase............................................................... 15
atazanavir................................................................. 11
atenolol..................................................................... 18
atropine ............................................................ 1,3,27
azathioprine ........................................................... 2,15
azithromycin.............................................................. 6
bariumsulfate ......................................................... 21
BCGvaccine............................................................. 26
beclometasone ......................................................... 29
benzathinebenzylpenicillin .................................... 5
benznidazole............................................................ 15
benzoicacid+salicylicacid ................................... 20
benzoylperoxide..................................................... 20
benzylbenzoate....................................................... 20
benzylpenicillin......................................................... 5
betamethasone......................................................... 20
biperiden .................................................................. 17
bleomycin................................................................... 15
budesonide ........................................................ 29,31
bupivacaine................................................................ 1
caffeinecitrate ......................................................... 31
EML 16 (March 2010)
calaminelotion ........................................................ 20
calciumfolinate.......................................................... 15
calciumgluconate ............................................... 3,31
capreomycin ................................................................. 8
carbamazepine..................................................... 3,29
carboplatin ................................................................. 16
cefalexin...................................................................... 5
cefazolin...................................................................... 5
cefixime....................................................................... 5
cefotaxime .................................................................... 6
ceftazidime ................................................................... 6
ceftriaxone.................................................................. 5
charcoal,activated..................................................... 3
chlorambucil............................................................... 16
chloramphenicol........................................................ 6
chlorhexidine ........................................................... 21
chlorinebasecompound ........................................ 21
chloroquine .................................................... 2,13,14
chloroxylenol ........................................................... 21
chlorphenamine......................................................... 2
chlorpromazine ....................................................... 28
cholecalciferol .......................................................... 30
choleravaccine ........................................................ 26
ciclosporin.................................................................. 15
ciprofloxacin ........................................................ 6,31
clindamycin ................................................................. 7
clofazimine................................................................. 7
clomifene .................................................................... 24
clomipramine........................................................... 29
clotrimazole ............................................................... 9
cloxacillin ................................................................... 5
coaltar ...................................................................... 20
codeine.................................................................. 2,23
condoms ................................................................... 24
coppercontainingdevice....................................... 24
cyclophosphamide ...................................................... 16
cycloserine.................................................................... 8
cytarabine................................................................... 16
dacarbazine ................................................................ 16
dactinomycin.............................................................. 16
dapsone ...................................................................... 7
daunorubicin.............................................................. 16
deferoxamine ............................................................. 3
dexamethasone.............................................. 2,16,22
dextran70................................................................. 17
diaphragms .............................................................. 24
diazepam.......................................................... 1,3,29
didanosine(ddI) ...................................................... 10
diethylcarbamazine ...................................................... 4
digoxin................................................................ 18,19
page - 36
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
diloxanide ................................................................ 12
dimercaprol ............................................................... 3
diphtheriaantitoxin................................................ 25
diphtheriavaccine .................................................. 26
dithranol................................................................... 20
DLmethionine .......................................................... 3
dopamine.................................................................... 19
doxorubicin................................................................ 16
doxycycline.................................................... 6,13,14
efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)........................................... 11
efavirenz+emtricitabine+tenofovir ................... 11
eflornithine .............................................................. 15
emtricitabine(FTC)................................................. 10
emtricitabine+tenofovir........................................ 11
enalapril ............................................................. 18,19
ephedrine...................................................................... 1
epinephrine(adrenaline) ....................... 2,18,27,29
ergocalciferol ........................................................... 30
ergometrine.............................................................. 27
erythromycin ............................................................. 7
estradiolcypionate+medroxyprogesterone
acetate .................................................................. 24
ethambutol................................................................. 8
ethambutol+isoniazid............................................. 8
ethambutol+isoniazid+pyrazinamide+
rifampicin .............................................................. 8
ethambutol+isoniazid+rifampicin....................... 8
ethanol...................................................................... 21
ethinylestradiol ....................................................... 24
ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel .......................... 23
ethinylestradiol+norethisterone.......................... 24
ethionamide.................................................................. 8
ethosuximide................................................................ 4
etoposide .................................................................... 16
factorIXcomplex(coagulationfactors,
II,VII,IX,X)concentrate..................................... 18
factorVIIIconcentrate............................................... 18
ferroussalt ............................................................... 17
ferroussalt+folicacid ........................................... 17
fluconazole................................................................. 9
flucytosine.................................................................... 9
fludrocortisone ........................................................ 23
fluorescein................................................................ 21
fluorouracil .......................................................... 16,20
fluoxetine ........................................................... 28,29
fluphenazine............................................................ 28
folicacid ................................................................... 17
furosemide ......................................................... 19,21
gentamicin ........................................................... 7,27
glibenclamide .......................................................... 24
glucose...................................................................... 30
glucosewithsodiumchloride ............................... 30
EML 16 (March 2010)
glutaral...................................................................... 21
glyceryltrinitrate..................................................... 18
griseofulvin ................................................................ 9
Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine .................. 26
haloperidol............................................................... 28
halothane.................................................................... 1
heparinsodium ....................................................... 17
hepatitisAvaccine.................................................. 26
hepatitisBvaccine................................................... 26
humannormalimmunoglobulin................................ 18
hydralazine .............................................................. 19
hydrochlorothiazide ......................................... 19,21
hydrocortisone................................... 3,16,20,22,23
hydroxocobalamin .................................................. 17
hydroxycarbamide...................................................... 16
ibuprofen........................................................ 1,15,31
ifosfamide ................................................................... 16
imipenem+cilastatin................................................... 6
indinavir(IDV) ........................................................ 11
influenzavaccine..................................................... 26
insulininjection(soluble)....................................... 24
intermediateactinginsulin.................................... 24
intraperitonealdialysissolution
(ofappropriatecomposition) ................................. 28
iodine ........................................................................ 30
iohexol ...................................................................... 21
ipratropiumbromide.............................................. 29
isoniazid ..................................................................... 8
isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicin .................. 8
isoniazid+rifampicin ............................................... 8
isosorbidedinitrate ................................................. 18
ivermectin .................................................................. 4
Japaneseencephalitisvaccine................................ 26
kanamycin.................................................................... 8
ketamine ..................................................................... 1
lamivudine(3TC) .................................................... 10
lamivudine+nevirapine+stavudine................... 11
lamivudine+nevirapine+zidovudine ................ 11
lamivudine+zidovudine....................................... 12
levamisole .................................................................. 4
levodopa+carbidopa ............................................. 17
levonorgestrel .......................................................... 24
levonorgestrelreleasingimplant .......................... 24
levothyroxine........................................................... 25
lidocaine ............................................................... 1,18
lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)...................... 1
lithiumcarbonate .................................................... 29
lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r).................................. 11
lorazepam................................................................... 3
Lugolssolution ......................................................... 25
magnesiumhydroxide ........................................... 22
magnesiumsulfate.................................................... 3
page - 37
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
mannitol ................................................................... 21
measlesvaccine ....................................................... 26
mebendazole.............................................................. 4
medroxyprogesteroneacetate ......................... 24,25
mefloquine ......................................................... 13,14
meglumineiotroxate .................................................. 21
melarsoprol.............................................................. 15
meningococcalmeningitisvaccine ....................... 26
mercaptopurine.......................................................... 16
mesna......................................................................... 16
metformin ................................................................ 24
methadone.................................................................. 29
methotrexate .......................................................... 2,16
methyldopa.............................................................. 19
methylrosaniliniumchloride(gentianviolet) ..... 20
methylthioniniumchloride(methyleneblue)....... 3
metoclopramide ...................................................... 22
metronidazole ..................................................... 7,12
miconazole............................................................... 20
mifepristone ............................................................... 28
misoprostol ................................................................ 28
morphine................................................................ 1,2
mumpsvaccine ....................................................... 26
naloxone ..................................................................... 3
neomycinsulfate+bacitracin................................ 20
neostigmine ............................................................. 26
nevirapine(NVP).................................................... 11
niclosamide................................................................ 4
nicotinamide............................................................ 31
nicotinereplacementtherapy(NRT).................... 29
nifedipine ................................................................. 28
nifurtimox ................................................................ 15
nitrofurantoin ............................................................ 7
nitrousoxide.............................................................. 1
norethisterone ......................................................... 25
norethisteroneenantate.......................................... 24
nystatin....................................................................... 9
ofloxacin....................................................................... 9
omeprazole .............................................................. 22
ondansetron............................................................. 22
oralrehydrationsalts ....................................... 23,30
oseltamivir ............................................................... 12
oxamniquine ................................................................ 5
oxygen ........................................................................ 1
oxytocin.................................................................... 27
paminosalicylicacid ................................................... 9
pancreaticenzymes.................................................... 22
paracetamol ......................................................... 2,15
paromomycin .......................................................... 12
penicillamine............................................................ 2,3
pentamidine ............................................................... 14
permethrin ............................................................... 20
EML 16 (March 2010)
pertussisvaccine ..................................................... 26
phenobarbital............................................................. 4
phenoxymethylpenicillin ......................................... 6
phenytoin ................................................................... 4
phytomenadione ..................................................... 17
pilocarpine ............................................................... 27
pneumococcalvaccine............................................ 26
podophyllumresin ................................................. 20
poliomyelitisvaccine .............................................. 26
polyvidoneiodine ................................................... 21
potassiumchloride.................................................. 30
potassiumferrichexacyanoferrate(II)2H20
(Prussianblue) ...................................................... 3
potassiumiodide .................................................... 9,25
potassiumpermanganate....................................... 20
praziquantel........................................................... 4,5
prednisolone .................................................. 3,16,27
primaquine............................................................... 13
procainebenzylpenicillin......................................... 6
procarbazine............................................................... 16
proguanil.................................................................. 14
promethazine............................................................. 1
propranolol .............................................................. 15
propylthiouracil ...................................................... 25
prostaglandinE.......................................................... 31
protaminesulfate .................................................... 17
pyrantel ...................................................................... 4
pyrazinamide............................................................. 8
pyridostigmine ........................................................... 27
pyridoxine ................................................................ 31
pyrimethamine ........................................................ 14
quinine...................................................................... 14
rabiesimmunoglobulin .......................................... 26
rabiesvaccine........................................................... 26
ranitidine .................................................................. 22
retinol........................................................................ 31
ribavirin.................................................................... 12
riboflavin .................................................................. 31
rifabutin...................................................................... 8
rifampicin ............................................................... 7,8
ritonavir.................................................................... 11
rotavirusvaccine ..................................................... 26
rubellavaccine......................................................... 26
salbutamol................................................................ 29
salicylicacid............................................................. 20
saquinavir(SQV)..................................................... 11
seleniumsulfide ......................................................... 20
senna ......................................................................... 23
silversulfadiazine ................................................... 20
simvastatin ............................................................... 19
sodiumcalciumedetate............................................ 3
sodiumchloride ...................................................... 30
page - 38
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
tetracaine .................................................................. 27
tetracycline ............................................................... 27
thiamine.................................................................... 31
thiopental ................................................................... 1
timolol....................................................................... 27
triclabendazole .......................................................... 5
trimethoprim ............................................................. 7
tropicamide .............................................................. 21
tuberculin,purifiedproteinderivative(PPD)..... 25
typhoidvaccine ....................................................... 26
urea ........................................................................... 20
valproicacid......................................................... 4,29
vancomycin .................................................................. 7
varicellavaccine ...................................................... 26
vecuronium.............................................................. 27
verapamil ................................................................. 18
vinblastine.................................................................. 16
vincristine .................................................................. 16
warfarin .................................................................... 17
waterforinjection ................................................... 30
xylometazoline ........................................................ 31
yellowfevervaccine ............................................... 26
zidovudine(ZDVorAZT) ..................................... 10
zincsulfate ............................................................... 23
sodiumfluoride....................................................... 31
sodiumhydrogencarbonate ................................. 30
sodiumlactate ......................................................... 30
sodiumnitrite ............................................................ 3
sodiumnitroprusside................................................. 19
sodiumstibogluconateor
meglumineantimoniate .................................... 12
sodiumthiosulfate .............................................. 3,20
spectinomycin ........................................................... 7
spironolactone ................................................... 21,22
stavudine(d4T) ....................................................... 10
streptokinase .............................................................. 19
streptomycin.............................................................. 8
sulfadiazine.............................................................. 14
sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine ............................... 14
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim .................... 7,14
sulfasalazine........................................................... 2,22
suraminsodium..................................................... 4,14
surfactant................................................................... 31
suxamethonium ...................................................... 27
tamoxifen ................................................................... 16
tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate ............................... 10
testosterone ................................................................ 23
tetanusvaccine ........................................................ 26
EML 16 (March 2010)
page - 39

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WHOModelList

1.2 Local anaesthetics

2. ANALGESICS, ANTIPYRETICS, NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

EML 16 (March 2010)

2.2 Opioid analgesics

2.3 Medicines used to treat gout

2.4 Disease modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)

3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS

EML 16 (March 2010)

4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS

EML 16 (March 2010)

EML 16 (March 2010)

6.1.3 Antischistosomals and antitrematode medicines

>41 weeks corrected gestational age.

EML 16 (March 2010)

6.2.2 Other antibacterials

EML 16 (March 2010)

6.2.3 Antileprosy medicines

EML 16 (March 2010)

6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines

EML 16 (March 2010)

6.4 Antiviral medicines

EML 16 (March 2010)

EML 16 (March 2010)

6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

>3 years or >10 kg weight.

6.4.3 Other antivirals

6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines

6.5.2 Antileishmaniasis medicines

EML 16 (March 2010)

6.5.3 Antimalarial medicines

EML 16 (March 2010)

>5 kg or >3 months.

6.5.5 Antitrypanosomal medicines

EML 16 (March 2010)

6.5.5.2 American trypanosomiasis

7.2 For prophylaxis

8. ANTINEOPLASTIC, IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES AND MEDICINES USED IN

8.2 Cytotoxic medicines

EML 16 (March 2010)

8.3 Hormones and antihormones

EML 16 (March 2010)

8.4 Medicines used in palliative care

10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD

10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation

11. BLOOD PRODUCTS AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES

11.2 Plasma fractions for specific use

12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES

12.2 Antiarrhythmic medicines

EML 16 (March 2010)

12.4 Medicines used in heart failure

12.5 Antithrombotic medicines

12.6 Lipid-lowering agents

EML 16 (March 2010)

13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES (topical)

13.2 Anti-infective medicines

13.3 Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

Hydrocortisone preferred in neonates.

13.4 Astringent medicines

13.5 Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

13.6 Scabicides and pediculicides

14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS