1999-01-25 ICS:75.180.

30
EAOT EN 1776
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HELLENIC STANDARD

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Gas supply systems - Natural gas measuring stations - Funclional requirements
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EAOT EN 1776
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National Foreword
This Endorsement Sheet ratifies
tile approval of European
Standard
1\' 1776/98
as a Hellenic Standard.
This standard is ayuilablc ill
English, French or German froIll
the Hellenic Organization for
Standardization S.A.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1776
NORME EUROPEENNE
EUROpAISCHE NORM
December 1998
ICS 75.180.30
Descriptors: natural gas, counting gas, gas supply meters, designation, performance evaluation, operating requirements,
maintenance, safety, speci ficat ions, measurements, calibration, reliability
English version
Gas supply - Natural gas measuring stations - Functional
requirements
Alimentation en gaz - Pastes de compt'lge de gaz lIaturet - Gas'lersorgung - Erdgasmer3antaqen - Funktionalc
Prescriptions tonclionnelies Antorderungen
This European Standard Vias approved by CEN on 27 Novomber 1998.
CEN members are bound to compty witn the CENiCENELEC Int'2rnal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving litis European
Siandard Ille slatus ot a national standard allY alteralion. Up-Io d;:lIe lists and bibliographical references concerning such nalional
sl;:lIldards may be oblained on appli cation to tile Ceniral Secrewrii1t or 10 any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English. French. German). A version in any other language made by Iranslat ion
under the respons ibi lity of a CEN member inlO ils own language and notified 10 Ihe Cenlral Secrelarial has the same slalu5 as the official
versions.
CEN members are Ihe nalionell slandarjs bodies of Auslria. Belgium. Czeoh Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, GcrrTallY. Greece.
iceland, Ireland. IIDly, Luxembourg, Nelherlallds. Norway. Porlugal. Spain, Sweden, SwilLerlarld alld United Kil1gdorr1
1.I.ROPLi\ ;\ <0\1\ 1/ r I rIO HlR ST\':fJ.-\R[)IJ.,\ TIU\;
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Central Secretariat : rue de Stassart, 36 B-l050 Brussels
1998 CEN All righls of in any form and by any means reserved Ref. EN '776:1998 E
worldwide for CEN naliollal Members.
Page 2
EN 1776:1998
CONTENTS
Page
Forevvord " ....... ... .. ............... .. ....... ... ..... .. .. ... ......... .. ........ .. .. .......... ... ........................ ... ... .. .... ........ .... ......... 3
1 Scope ........ ... ... .. .. ... .. ..... ....... ... ............. .... .. .... .. ..... .. ...... ... .. ..................................... ... ... .... .. . ...3
2 Normative references..... ..... ... .. ... ..... ... ............... .. .... ... .. ....... ..... ............ ... .. . ... . . ............ .... .......... .. 3
3 Definitions .. .......................................... ... ...... .. ... ...... ...... .. .. ..... ... ................... .. ................ ......... ... 4
4 Physical principles and general requirements... .. ... . ...... ....... .. ............. .. ..... .. .. ........ .............. . . ..... ........... 5
4.1 Base conditions ..... ..... ........... ... ............ .. ... " .. ,", ... . , .... . " .............. .. ....... ... ... .. ........ ..... ... .. .... .. ... ....... ... ..... ..... 5
4.2 Flow measurement ......... .............. ... .. . ............. .... ... .. .. . .. .... .. ... ........... . ....... ... .... .. .... .. ............. 5
4.3 Calorific value measurement .............. .. .. ... . ............ ....... .. ................ .. .... .6
4.4 Energy measurement.. .. ....... .. . .. ... ... .... ....... .. ....... .. .. ... .. .... . 6
4.5 Security of supply .. .... ............ ... ........... . ... ..... .. .... .. ... ........ .. ........ .. ...... 6
4.6 Environnental conditions. .. .. .. . .... ... .. ..... .. ... ... ... .. .. .. . ................ .. .. . ... .. ...... 6
47 Safety. .. .. .......... ....... ..... .... .. .. .... ....... ............................ .... .. ....... .. . 6
4.8 Quality system. ... . ... .. .. .. . .. . .... ...... ... .... .. .. ..... .. .. . .. ........ ... ... .. ... ... . ...... ... . .. 7
5 Design and const ru ct ion .... .... ..... ... .. .. ....... .... ..... .... . ......... ..... .. . .... .. . ...... ... .... 7
~ . 1 Design. .. ..... .. .. . .. .. ... .. .. ... .. ... . .............. .. . .... ... ... .. . .. . 7
.2 Construction of measuring stations .. ..... .. .. . .... ... ........... .. ... ........ . ... ......... 9
6 Calorific value measurement.. . ..... . ..... ... ....... ... .. .. . ...... ... .... .. 11
6.1 General. . .. ............. .. ... .. .. ..... .. ... ... .. ..... ... .. .. ....... ... .. ... .. .. .. ..11
6.2 Measuring sys tem ........... . .. ...... .... ...... .. .. ...... ... 12
6.3 Performance req ui rement s ................. ... .. .... ...... ...... ..... .... ... 13
64 Operation and mainlenance.... .. ..... ... .... .... . ..... .. .. .. ... . .... . ... 14
7 Stability and calibration of gas measuring systems . ..... . ........ ... .. ...... ..... .. ... .. .... .. . ....... ... 15
7.1 Accuracy requirements ......... ..... ........ . .. . . ....... .. ... ..... ........ ... . .. ........... . ...... ... .. .. . 15
7.2 Installation requirements . .. ... ..... .. ........ .. .. .. .. ........ ........... .. .. . .. ..... .. .. .. .... 16
8 Commissioning......... .... .. ......... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... . .... .. . .... .... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. .... . 18
8.1 General .. .. .... .. ... .... .. .. .. ..... ....... . ...... .. .. ....... .... .. .. ... .. .... .... .......... .. .. ... .. .... ........ ... ... 18
8.2 Test equipment ... ................. ... .. .......... ... ..... ..... ........... . . .. .. ....... .. .... ... ... .. ..... ...... ........ .. . .. 19
8.3 Pre-commissioning.... . .... ...... . . .. .... .... .. .. . .. .. ....... . ..... '" ... .. .... .... . ..... .... ....... 19
8.4 Test and calibration procedures . .. ........ .. .. .... .. .. ... .. ......... .... ........ ... . ... .. ......... .1 9
9 Acceptance ... ... ......... ..... .. .. ... ........... ... . ........ 21
9.1 General. .... ... .... . .... ....... .... ..... . .. .. ... .. .. . ... ... ... .21
9.2 Post-commissioning check...... . .. 21
10 Operation anel n:(',intenance .. ... .... .. .. ... .......... . .. .... .. ... .. . ... 21
10.1 General .. . . . ... .. ..... . ..... .... .. . .. .. ... . . ... . .. . . 21
------').2 Gas meters..................... ... ..... .. . .. ......... .... ... .. . ... 22
, 03 Conversion devices .... ....... .. .. ...... .. .. .. ......... .. .. ...... ... .. . ......... .. .. .. . 23
10.4 Post-maintenance check ... . ... .. .... .... ... ... .. .. 23
105 CompliancQ ." ...... ....... . .... .... .. .. .. .... ..... .. .. ... ... ..... .... .. .... .. .. ... . '" 23
10.6 Document3lion .... .. .. ... .. . .. .. ... 23
Annex A (informative) Pulsation and vi br ation ................... .. ....... ... . 25
Annex B (i nf ormative) Guidelines for instrumentation.. .... . . .... 27
Annex C (informative) Set of equations to calcul ate volume or mass or energy ... ... .. .. .. .29
Annex 0 (in'ormative) Secondary lilstrumentation - test procedures. . . . ..... .. .. ... .... .. .. ..... .. ... .. 31
Annex E (inforrmtive) Performance cha racteris tics... ..... ..... ... ... ... .. . ... . 34
Annex F (inlormative) Document2Jion and records .. . ........ .. .. ................ .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .... .. ..... ........ ... . 41
Annex G (informa(ive) Bibliography... . ................... .. ........ .. ...... ..... .... .. .. .... .. .. .... ... ..... .. 42
- ------
Page 3
EN 1776:1998
Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CENrrC 234 "Gas supply", the secretariat of which
is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by
endorsement, at the latest by June 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June
1999.
According to the CENICENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are
bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Iceland, Ireland. Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United
Kingdom.
This European Standard relates to other functional st andards in the field of gas supply.
The standard is meant for use by gas professionals with enough understanding of their measurement's objectives and
applicable gas techniques. A thorough understanding of this standard is highly desirable before starting the design
phase of a new measuring station.
In some cases the billing is done in energy units. A part of the standard is therefore dedica:ed to calorific value
measurement.
By nature, a measuring station is an aggregate of several components. In this standard, it is assumed that each
component is in fu ll complia'lce with applicable EN or ISO standards. if any.
1 Scope
This European standard specifies functional requirements for the design, construction, commissioning, operation 2nd
..!:2..aintenanc:,. of r,\,ew gas measuring stations of natural gas as described in ISO 13686
wjLtLa deSign capacity equal to or greater than 500 m I h (at base conditions, see 4.1) and for operating pressures equal
to or greater than l-oar-[gauge pressu!'ef-
NOTE: Installations using diaphragm gas meters as primary measuring instruments are not covered by this
standard.
Except for safety and environmental aspects, the extent to which the requirements of this standard are applied should be
iustified by the economics cf the measuring station. Therefore, stations with an annual throughput of equal to or smaller
than 300 000 m
3
(at base conditions) are excluded (rom the scope of this standard .
This European Standard specifies common basic principles (or gas supply systems .
Users of this European Standard should be aware that more detailed national standards and/or codes of practice may
exist in the CEN member ceuntries.
This European Standard is intended to be appl ied in association with these national standards and/or coeies of practice
setting out the above Illentioneu basic princ;iples
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publ ic2tions. These
norrlat ive references are cited at the appropriate places in the next and (Jublications are listed herea fter. For d1 led
referenc es, subsequent amendments to or revisions of those publications apply to this European Stalldc'd only '."hen
incorporat ed in il by amendment or revision. For und3ted references the latest edition of the publication referre::J to
applies.
prEN 1594 Gas supply syst ems - Pipelines for maximum operating pressure over 16 bar - Functi')na l reqc;ircrnents
prEN 12 /86 Gas supply systems - Gas pressure regul ating stations for trDn smission and distribution
prEI-J 12261 Turbine gas r:leters
prErlJ 12327 Gas supply systems - Pressure testing, commissioning and decommissioning procedures - runcional
requirements
prEN 12405 Gas-vol ume electronic conversion devices
prEN 12480 Rotary displacement gas meters
prEN 50154 Erection of electrical installations in hazardous areas - Electrical installations in hazaruous gas
atmospheres (other than mines)
EN 55011 Limits and methods of measu rement of radio disturbance characteristics of industrial. scientific and
medical radio frequency equipment
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EN 1776:1998
EN 55013 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of broadcast receivers and
associated equipment
EN 55014 Limits and methods of measuremen t of radio disturbance characteristics of electrical motor-operated and
thermal appliances for household and similar purposes; electric tools and similar electric apparatus
EN55015 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of electrical lighting and similar
equipment
EN 55020 Electromagnetic immunity of broadcast receivers and associated equipment
EN 55022 Limits and methods of measurement of radio ciisturbance characteristics of information technology
equipment
EN 60079-10 Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive gas atmospheres - Part 10: Classification of hazardous al'eas
ENV 50140 Electromagnetic compatibility - Basic immuni ty standard - Radiated , radio-frequency electromagnetic field-
immunity test
ENV 50141 Electromagnetic compatibility - Basic immunity standard - Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by
radio-frequency fields
ENV 50142 Electromagnetic compatibility - Basic immunity standard - Surge immunity tests
ISO 2186 FlUid flow in closed conduits - Connections for pressure signal transmissions between primary and
secondary elements
----c:I\J ISO 5167-1 +A1 rv1easurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices - Part 1: Orifice plates ,
nozzles and Venturi tubes Inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full (ISO 5167 -1 : 1991 / AM1
: 1998)
ISO 6141 Gas analysis - Calibrarion gas mixtures - Cert i' icate of mixture prepar2tion
ISO 6142 Gas analysis - Preparat ion of calibration gas mixtures - Weighing methods
ISO 6143 Gas analysis - Determination of composition of calibration gas mixtures - Comparison methods
ISO 6711 Gas analysis - Checking of calibration gas mi xtures by a comparison method
ISO 6974 Natural gas - Determination of hydrogen, inert gases and hydrocarbon up to Cg - Gas chromatographic
lIlethod
ISO 6975 Natural gas - Extended analysis - Gas chrom2tographic method
ISO 6976 Natural gas - Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density a1d Wobbe index from composition
ISO 6978 Natural gas - Determination of mercury
ISOi DIS 9857 Petroleum and Ilqcid petroleum products - Continuous density measurement
ISO 10715 Natural gas - Sampling guidelines
ISO 10723 Natural gas - Performance evaluation for on-line analytical systems
~ O , D I S 12213 Natural gas - Calculation of compression factor
ISOITR 12764 Measufement of f.ui d flow in closed conduits - Flowrate measurement by means of vortex shedding
flowmeters insert ed in circular cross section conduits running full
ISO/CO 12765 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Methods using transit tune ultrasonic flownl?ters
ISO 13686 Natural gas - Quality designation
IEC 801 El ec tromagneti c compatibility for industrial -process measurement and control equipment
3 Definitions
For the purp::>ses of this standard, tre following def initions a?ply:
3.1 measuring station: An installat on comprising all the equipment including the i11et and outlet pipework as far as the
isolat ing valves and any structure vvithin which the equipment IS housed, used for gas measurement In custody transfer
3.2 measuring system: Complete set of measuring inst ruments and other equipment assembled to c8rry out specified
measurements.
3_3 measuring instrument: Device intended to be used for measurements, alone or in conjunction with supplementary
device(s).
EXAMPLE 1: gas meter
EXAMPLE 2: pressure sensor
Page 5
EN 1776:1998
EXAMPLE 3: density sensor.
3.4 master meter: Meter of known accuracy used only for comparison checks.
3.5 installation effect: Any difference in performance of a measuring instrument or of the measuring system between
the calibration under reference and operating conditions.
3.6 accuracy of measurement: Closeness of the agreement between the result of a measurement and a true value of
the measurand.
3.7 maximum permissible errors (of a measuring instrument): Extreme values of an error permitted by specifications.
regulations, etc. for a given measuring instrument.
3.8 dri!!: Slow change of a metrological characteristic of a measuring instrument.
3.9 flow computer: Flow calculating device which indicates the flow rate as integrated volume or mass or energy. etc .. at
base conditions.
3.10 conversion device: A device cons isting of a flow computer and sensors used for converting the volume (flow rate)
at operating conditions into a volume (flOW rate) at base conditions or to mass (flow rate) or to energy (flow rate) at base
conditions, based on either pressure. temperature and gas composition. or on density, or on calorific value.
3.11 availability: Probability. at any time. that the measuring system. or a measuring instrument forming a part of the
measuring system , is functioning according to spec fications.
3.12 stability; Ability of a rre2suring system, or a measuring instrument, to perform its functions for a specified period of
time.
3.13 Pressures
3.13.1 maximum operating pressure (MOP): Maximum pressure at which a system can be operated continuously
under normal conditions.
NOTE: Norrnal conditions are: no fault in any device or stream.
3.13.2 temporary operating pressure (TOP): Pressure at which a system can be operated temporarily under control of
the regulating devices.
3.13.3 maximum incidental pressure (MIP): Maxirnum pressure which n systern can experience during a short time.
lirnited by the safety devices.
3.13.4 design pressure: Pressure on which design calculations are based.
3.14 Temperatures
3.14.1 maximum operating temperature (Tmc-x): rv1aximum temperature at which a system can be operated continuously
under normal conditions.
NOTE: Normal conditions are 110 fault in any device or streo.m.
3.14.2 minimum operating temperature (Tn;;,,): Minimum temperature at which a system can be operated.
3.15 traceability (of a measuring system): Property of the result of a measurernent or the value of a standard whereby
it can be related to stated references. usually national or internation21 standards, through an unbroken chain of
comparisons all having stated uncertainties.
3.16 systematic error: Mean that would result from an inf inite number of measurements of the same measurand carried
out under repeatability conditions minus a true value of the measurand.
3.17 uncertainty: Parameler, assuciated with the result of a rTle2SL;refTent , that characterizes the dispersion or the
values that could reasonab!y be attributed to the measurand.
3.18 fail-safe: Characteristic of a deVice to go to a safe operating conditior when a failure occurs.
4 Physical principles and general requirements
- - - - ~
4.1 BaS_ELCo.ndiHons-- -
- - -'
This standard recommends the use of 101,325 kPa and 288,15 K as tElse conditions for volu'Tle determination and
288,15 K as base condltior: for calorific value determination.
NOTE: On contractual base other temperatures may be used.
4.2 Flow measurement
Several different phYSical principles are used to determine gas volume or mass flows. The most commonly used
techniques are included in;this standard. Other methods may be used. It is the responsibility of t ~ e involved pl1rties to
.Page 6
EN 1776:1998
ensure that the method used is traceable, reliable and satisfies the basic gas and energy measurement requirements
like accuracy, safety as well as economic criteria.
All meters require both operating density and base density to convert their primary output related to volume at operating
conditions to the volumes at base conditions or individual gas component masses and then energy on which commercial
transactions are based. Operating density and base density can be measured continuously or can be calculated from
gas composition. density also requires continuous measurement of temperature and pressure.
Equations are given in annex C.
4.3 Calorific value measurement
The most com monly used techniques for measuring the calorific value of a mass or volume of gas are calorimetry and
gas chromatography. Both techniques determine the calorific value of a mass or volume of gas at base conditions.
Details on calorific value measurement are given in clause 6.
4.4 Energy measurement
The output of a measuring system might be ill energy units. The energy is the product of the gas quantity and its
corresponding calorific value.
4.5 Secyrtty of supply
--- Jsually. gas delivery is a continuous process.
If un unintended cessotiol1 of gos flow can cause a safety hazard or operational problems the station shal l be such that a
failure of the measuring system wil' not stop the gas flow. Ext ra equipment may oe added to improve the secur ity of
supply.
4.6 Environmental conditions
4,6.1 General
Gos measuring stations shall be designed, constructed and located such that risk and nuisance to the environment of
the station and its operarion are kept within acceptable limits.
4.6.2 Environmental noise levels
The operator shall ensure that the noi se leves during operation locally established In addition I
no design changes or modificati ons shall be undertaken which cause the established noise limits to be exceeded.
4.6.3 Work area noise
The operator of the measuring station shall ensure that proper care is taken to prevent noise generated hazards for h;s
personnel.
5.4 Ambient temperature
Certain types of equipment such as computers and other electronic devices can operate properly only within a limited
temperature range. Where such equipment requires a temperature controlled ervironment to maint ain accuracy the
operator shall ensure thaI the requirements are mel.
4.6.5 Ambient pressure
At certain rreasuring stati ons. part;cularly those where gas processing is undertaken. some buildings may require a
pusitive internal pressure to prevent Ingress of gas to the interior. rile operator sllali ellsure that for such buildings the
requirements are met.
4.6.6 Venting
The design and operation of the st.::.tion shall be such that the venting of gas to the atmosphere is kepi to a mimimum.
This shall be assessed dunng the design stage.
4.7 Safety
4.7.1 Management responsibility
Safety is a management responsib'ility which implies that all personnel involved in construction. startup, operation and
maintenance of the measuring station shall be competent and have adequate safety training. Different areas of
responsibi lity shall be defined.
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EN 1776:1998
4.7.2 Warning notices
Warning notices shall be positioned and maintained on, or adjacent to. the measuring system and. additionally, to call
attention to any special features of the system.
An easily visible notice shall be positioned and maintained on or near the measuring system to indicate the action to be
taken in the event of an escape of gas
Note: See legal requirements, if any.
4.7.3 Safety procedures
The operator of the measuring station shall have approved safety procedures for the operation and maintenance of the
system.
If a measuring station is included in a plant requiring a hazard operation study (HAZOP) the measuring station shall be
considered in this study.
4.8 Quality system
During the design and construction phases, quality assurance is essential to ensure the basic integrity of the installation
During operation basic integ:ity shall be preserved until the installation is decommissioned.
Any party involved in design, construction, commissioning, operation and maintenance should maintain an appropriate
quality management system considering the presence of hazardous areas. Such a system should be agreed on between
tile parties and may be based e.g. on the EN ISO 9000 series. Inspection and testing of the installation are
responsibilities of the operator of the station. National regulations may require that the inspection and testing have to b.J
witnessed and accepted by independent experts.
5 Design and construction
5.1 Design
5.1.1 General
All requirements refering to design. construction and safety shall be in accordance with prEN 12186, as far as
appropriate .
. 5.1.1.1,..Measuring stations shall be designed such that the correct functioring is ensured for ail specified pressure and
Temperature ranges (i.e. MOP, TOP, tv1lP, minimal pressure at station entrance, Tc, , ambient as we!!
as irlpurities, dusts or condensates present in the gas
measuring system may be installed as an independent installation or in a station together with other systems
:XAMPLE: as part of a pressure regulat ing station.
5.1 .1.3 The measuring stLltion Gholl be designed such that it operates in a failsa fe manner evan in the case of 2'1
accident. In case of emergency, it shall be possible to shut down the station safely
5.1.1 .4 In general the measuring system should be located in a building. a cabinet or a shelter, but may be instalieri in
the open air , unless such an installation un'duly affects the operation or the accuracy.
5.1.1.5 Locations where checking and calibration take place shall have appropriate and stable environmental condliions
and shall be free of vibration, so that the checking and calibration may be carried out with the required accuracy.
5.1.1.6 If there is any risk of undesirable reverse flow, the installati on 01 a check valve or similar device to prevent
inco' rect registration of gas. shall be considered.
5.1.2 Design criteria
.,...-- -..
5.1.2.1(Ta'ble B.l ,shows a guideline for the instrurr,entation for different sizes of measuring systems depending on fio'//
rates. '-- /
5.1.2.2 selected. shElL b6.-sufficiently accurafe" tOrec{u'ce random and systematic errors to such a
I.evel that contractual or legal obligations are fulfilled and that can be justified 011 technical and economic reasons.
5.1.2.3 Care should be given to avoid pUlsating flow and vibrations (resonance). See A.2.
5.1.2.4 The contractual availability of gas flow nlay require a station bypass. The number of parallel runs should be such
that the maximum flowrate can be measured with one meter out of service While,the rest of the meters operate within
their specifications.
5.1 .2.5 If there is a meter run for series connection this shall tie into the main runs upstream and downstream of the
required upstream and' downstream straight length of the meter.
Page 8
EN 1776:1998
5.1.2.6 In general it is necessary to insert at least one upstream isolating valve and one downstream isolaling valve for
each meter run.
5.1.2.7 Where quick acting valves are included in the installation or where the differential pressure across the inlet valve
of a meter can exceed 1 bar consideration should be given to provide a small bore bypass. The bypass should be
controlled by a slow acti ng valve to facilitate the pressurization of the meter and associated pipework to avoid damage to
the gas meter. If a bypass of the meter is fitted, it should be possible to check it (or tightness.
EXAMPLE: by a double block and bleed arrangement or a special valve with a similar check poss ibi lity.
5.1.2.8 Depending on size and requirements of the measuring station and in order to increase the availability of the
results of measurement the important instruments and/or measuring systems should be duplicated by instruments
independently. The criteria for this shall be agreed upon between the involved parties.
odorants shall not affect the performance of the measuring system.
( 5.1.2.10fifly peripheral equipment connected to the measuring system shall be designed such that it does not interfere
I?:Jithlhemeasuring process. If odorant injection and measurement are both located In the same station. then the odorant
inlection should be downstream of the primary measuring instrument. Oscillations in gas pressure and flow caused by a
flow regulat or or similar, which could affect the primary measuring instrum en t accuracy, should be mini'Tl ized at the

The gas temperature in meter running with upstream installed preheaters. shall be maintained wi thin an
acceptable range of the set temperature at normal operating conditions and flowrates between 5 % and 100 % of the
capacit y. The acceptable r"nge of the set temperature will depend on the temperature range specified for the
,Jrimary measuring instrument and con'/ersion device.
5.1.2.12 Local readouts, recorders ald supervisory instrumentation may be connected to a telecom munication system.
5.1.3 Station eqUipment
According to needs a measuring station is equipped with the following main components:
measur ement equipment to determine the volume, mass or energy flow
equipment to determine the gas properties
isolating valves
monitoring systems, such as recorders and loggers
pipework, thermal insulat ion. gaskets and joi nts
fiiters and separators
equi p'llent for preheating the gas flow
equipment to reduce the noise lev el
eqUipm ent fo r controlling the :10\'11
change-over equipment to select the appropriate number of meter runs to meet the actu al load or the stCltion
equip:nent to prevent hydrate and ice formation
pulsation i.lnd vibration damping eq uipment
other components.
5.1.4 Station cap<:lcity
The d esign shall be based on the minimum and maximum values for
volurT'e. mass or energy flow rate
design pressure and operatin;) pressure
gas ald ambient temperature
the components of the gas
5.1.5 Measuring system
5.1.5.1 Genera I
Each measL.!ring stati on shall be equipped with the instrumentation required for measuring/calculating the variables
needed to meet the accuracy requirements.
Page 9
EN 1776:1998
The measuring system consists of a gas meter and in general also of a conversion device with sensors for the various
parameters needed for the determination of the delivered quantity. Depending on the components of the system the
ou tput can be:
volume
mass
energy.
In some cases it can be sufficient to use a fixed value for temperature, pressure and gas composition for conversion (see
annex C).
Due regard shall be given to possibilities by which field maintenance. checking and recalibration ca n be carried out.
5.1.5.2 Gas meters
Rotary displacement meters shall comJlIy with QrEN 12480, turbine meters with prEN 12261, orifice plate sysiems with
r EN 1SC:J5T6T-T+AT.-Other fitness for purpose is documented.
EXAfv1PLE 1: vortex meters
EXAfvlPLE 2: ultrasonic meters
Tile meter shall be selected so that under foreseeable fault conditions wit hin the installation, the maximum v,!orking
pressu re for which the meter has been designed and tested is not -exceeded. The meter shall operate sati sfactoniy over
all specified ranges of pressure, temperature and flow.
When selecting a meter annex B should be considered.
5.1.5.3 COTlversion devices
If the measurement is done under operating conditions a conversion device shall be fitted to the measuring system. The
output of thls-OOviG.e may be in volume. mass or units at base cond itions.
----- - - -----. "\
conversion shall comply with prEN 12405. Other types of conversion devices may be used if their fitness
for documented. ---------------..
5.1.5.4 Additional equipment
The '11easuring system may be filled with pulse transmitters to generate pulses proportional to measured gas Il,ass or
volume for transmission to other equipment such as totalizers. recorders or telemetry equipment. Transmitter range and
pulse significance shall be suitable for the applicatio'l.
Results of measurement may be displayed, recorded and logged as analcgue or digital data and may be recorded or
stored by suitable devices as function of time or volume.
5.1.6 Layout of pipework
The internal diameter of the pipework of the measuring station should be c21culated fa! gas velocities not higher 20 .:
m' s. \
For the inlet velocity profile 72.2 shall be taken into acccount.

5.2 Construction of measuring stations

5.2,1 General
Meters and the associated instrumentation are precision devices and as such they shall be handled with cale They
shoL ld be stored in a clean dry condition, taking due regard of the manufacturer's recommendations on Slacking and
handling. The meter inlet and outlet connections shall be protected to prevent ingress of foreign [;laterial and moisture
and shall remain so prior to installation.
The in stallation of al l instruments shall ensure a proper readable indication.
Metrological tappings shall rot be used for any other purposes.
5.2.2 Gas meter installation
Gas meter pipework shall be installed and supported in such a manner to avoid undue stress being placed upon the gas
meter connecti ons e,g. by supporting them. Easy removal and replacement of the gas meter shall be possible. In general
temporary commi ssioning fiters/sieves sha!l be positioned upstream of any straight lengths of pipe which precede the
gas meters,
Page 1 U
EN 17761998
5.2.3 Corrosion protection
All components of the measuring station shall be resistant to or protected against, corrosion. For this purpose paint
coating protection system may be used.
.
,5.2.4 Temperature ......
sensor shall comply with prEN 12405.
5.2.4.2 For meters other than rotary displacement or oriiTCe-meters, thermowells shall be located downstream of the
meter in order to avoid velocity profile disturbances at the meter inlet.
5.2.4.3 Whenever a thermowell is installed, consideration shall be given to fit in a spare thermowell for use during
calibration. H a spare is fitted for calibration, it should be at an angle to the primary thermowell.
5:?.,1,.4 To e.nyureSJood temperature measurement, thermowells should protrude into the pipework to about
'-_ the. 0oh1J.b.aL.bo+&.-+1&Never, on large diam eter pipes vibrations of the thermowell
are known to be a problem) the riesign of the thermowell can restrict the depth of insertion In this case little accuracy will
be lost provided the thennowells protrude at least 75 mm into the gas flow.
4.5 1-;; order to ensure that the temperatu:-;'t the thermowell is the same as that of the gas passing
through the meter. it can be necessary to insulate the external part ot the thermowell and the pipework for a suitable
distanCE! downstream and/or upstream of the meter. The necessity to do so depe'lds for a large part on the expected
differences ill gas and ambient temperature in a specific station and on the desired accuracy.
- :"
. I
5.2.4.6 II fitted, thermowells shall be prot ected against of water and should be filled with a heat conducting
material.
Pressure and differential pressure
./'::>:2:5.1Ally pressure sellsor shall comply with prEN
'5.2.5.2 In order to ensure accurate measuring care shall be given to the installat ion of pressure and differential pressure
sensors. In case of a gas meter other than an orifice plate. the pressure shall be from the meter pressure tapping.
marked POl.
5.2.5.3 The mounting shall be according to ISO 2186 and to the manufacturer's speci ficati ons and mechanical stress
shall not be imported to the sensor by the installation nor by the sensing lines. Low points in tlie sensing lines to th e
sensors shall be avoided so that liquid or dirt cannot col/ ect in them and cause false pressure readings .
5.2.5.4 The sensor shall be installed to be free rrom mechanical vibration.
5.2.5.5 Field maintenance, checking and recalibrat ion require. among others. the possibility to isolate the sensor from
the line and to apply a reference test pressure.
The pressure connections for differential pressure sensors should preferably be separated from all mher pressure
connections f-iowever. pressure and differ enti al pressure sensors may have a common connect ion.
In order to avoid elTors in the pressure measur ement. sensing lines and samp ling lines shall not be combi ned. In all
cases the pressure connection to the sensor shall incorporate a valve Ivhich will permit maintenance without the need to
<;i1ut down the I.I/hole installation. I: should be capable of being sealed in the open position to prevent unauthor ized
isolation which could affect the overall accuracy.
5.2.6 Density
5.2.6.1 Density sensors for operating conditions
Density sensors, where fitteu, shal l comp:y with ISODIS 9857.
Any differences between the oper Rti n9 conditions (temperature. pressure) in the pipework and In the sampling line shelll
be compensated for. Care shall be given to provi de each density sensor with dry and clean sample gas.
In case of c. gas meter other than an or ifice plate. the sample gas flow to the density sensor shall be taken frOIll the
meter pressure tapping. marked Pon For orifice pl ates the upstream pressure tapping is recommended in EON ISO 51671
+A1.
Any sample gas flow to the density sensor shall be so low that it has no influence on other measurement.
In case of met ers other than rotary displacement meters, density sensors built into the pipe'Nork shall be located
downstream of the gas meter to alJoid velocity profile disturbances at the meter inle:. If this cannot be achieved. the
meter should be calibrated including its upstream
The sampling line from the pm tappi ng to the density sensor shall be as short as possibl e. The line shall be thermally
insulated to minimize any ambient temperature effect.
In order to ensure that the measured density at the density sensor is the same as that of the gas passing through the
gas meter, it can be necessary the external part of the density sensor and the pipework lor a s0itable distance
r-age 11
EN 1776:1998
upstream and downstream of the gas meter. The necessity to do so depends for a large part on the expected differences
in gas and ambient temperature in a specific measuring station and on the desired accuracy.
The density sensor shall be free from excessive mechanical vibration to ensure that additional measurement deviations
will be kept within the limits of uncertainty of the calibration method.
Field maintenance, checking and recalibration require, among others, the possibility to isolate the density sensor from
the pipework and to apply a reference test pressure or to evacuate the density sensor. If the actual density is to be
calculated from the gas pressure and temperature and the gas composition for checking purposes, a possibil ity to
measure pressure and temperature and to take a representative gas sample shall be available.
The density sensor shall contain provision for the temperature of the gas inside the cell to be measured in order to
confirm that there is no difference between the gas temperature in the pipework and in the density sensor. Measured
temperature difference siloL:ld be compensated by a correction.
5.2.6.2 Density sensors for base conditions WI~ .
Each tapping for the measurement of density at base conditions shall be designed for the gas sample to be taken frorn
the flowing gas at a representat ive point. Guidelines for the design and operation of sampling systems are described in
ISO 10715.
To avoid delay time in sample flow. the sampling line to each density sensor for the measurement of the density at base
conditions shall be ClS short as possible and shall have a small diameter (typically 6 min to 10 mm)
Care shall be given to provide each density sensor with dry and clean sample gas
Due regard shall be given to possibi lities by which feld maintenance, checking and recalibration can be carried ou t. That
requires the possibility to isolate the denSity sensor from the pipework and to apply a reference test gas. Double block
and bleed valves should be used.
Any sample gas flow to the densily senscr shall be so low that It has no influence on other measurement.
5.2.7 Additional equipment
5.2,7.1 Other components shall not impair th e metrological operation of the measuring station.
Example: heater, filter, valves
5,2,7.2 Meter isolating ano bypass valves should be fitted with a position indicator and also clear indication of the
direction of operation for opening or closing Ihe valve should be given Slich valves (valves of double block and bleed
type) shall be designed for leakage testing while the valves are in place. To operate a valve there should be the opt ion to
install an actuator. However, it shall be possible to operate the valve by hand or by local operation of the actuator under
all circumstances.
5.2.7.3 If dust andi or fluids '11ay influence Ihe results of measurement. suitable filters andlor separators shall be Installed
upstream the rneasuring system.
~ ..I It\-S.2.7.4 If pressure reduction or flow con trol cause hydrate or ice formation whi ch might affect the operation of the
measuri ng station, a heater or other suitable equipnlent such as a methanol injection system shall be installed.
5.2.7,5 During normal oper ation of the measuring station bypassing the measuring system is not permitted. The bypass
va lve shou ld normally be of a type th at is capable of operati ng slowly to facilitate smooth gas flow control, if the meter is
put into or taken out of operation
5.2.7.6 Where a meter bypass is installed it shall be secured in the closed pOSi tion . A notice Sllould be fl\ted adjacent to
the valve giving the necessary instrucl ions to the operator f o ~ it s lise in an emergency.
Provision shall be mi3de for Ihe depressurization of a measuring systeln
/ 5.2.8 Electrical equipment
-the electrical equipment s ~ a l l comply with the appt:cable European standa:ds.
The possible Ilazardous area shall be classified according to EN 60079-10. In the case where a hazardous area exis ts
any electrical installation there shnll comply with prEN 50154 .
6 Calorific value measurement
6.1 General
Various techniques can be used to get calorific values. both by indirect and direct measurement methods. Based on
results of measurement calorific values for billing purposes can also be calculated within a grid for places, where
measurement is not econ(j'mical. .
f-'age 1L
EN 1776:1998
The chosen technique shall deliver a calorific value with an accuracy in line at least with legal requirements. The
technique shall be sufficiently accurate to reduce random and systematic errors to such a level that contractual
obligations are fulfilled and that can be justified on technical or economic considerations.
NOTE: Clause 6 refers only to such systems, which are well proven in the gas industry.
6.2 Measuring system
6.2,1 Description
A calorific value measuring system comprises the following components.
a gas sampling system;
an equipment for measurement (direct or indirect) and calculation;
a provision for calibration including a calibration standard:
a data storage and registration
6.2.2 Sampling
A for conditioning shall be installed as a part of the sampling system
Depending 011 the fluctuation of composition and gas properties, on-line or off-line measuring instruments rray be used.
On-line measuring instruments require continuous direct sampling.
With oH-line measuring instruments the following sampling techniques may be used depending on the fluctuation of
composition and properties.
periodical spot sampling:
incremental sampling, which accumulates gas samp!es into one composite sample.
Periodic spot samplers or incremental samplers can be used to get a single or accumulated sample of the gas to be
measured. In case of incremental sampling flow volume proportional sampling is preferred. These samples are
periodically brought to a calorific value measuring instrument. These techGiques may be used when on-line
measurement can not be justified.
When measuring continuously the sampler shall be designed to bring gas representative of the compositon of the gas
flowing throJgh the pipework to the measuring instrument. To ensure this, the sampler shall take gas fom a suitable
point. Delay times between the sarrpling point and the analyzer shall be kept short and at least shorter tha'1 the duration
of the analytical cycle. To achieve that objective the gas shall be transported at reduced pressure though a narrow bore
stainless pipe.
There are several common concerns that shall be addressed to assure that a representative sample of th e natu,al gas is
tal,en. It is of crucial importance for an accurate result of a measurement.
The gas to oe measured shall be conditioned so as to avoid SOlid, liquid and condensable components. The result of &.
measurement shall not be influenced by conditioning The flow in the sampling line shall remain Stable and be
independent from other measurement process varatlons. To prevent any unnecessary sample tran sport delays, pressure
reduction shall occur close to the sampling point.
6.2.3 Guidelines for the design and operation of sampling systems are described in ISO 10715.Measuring
instruments
The calorific value of natural gas can be determined with different techniques, which might be divided into \"iIO groups.
el) direct measurement;
b) Indirect measurement, i.e.
composition derived measurement,
correlation techniques.
6.2.3.1 Direct measurement
r:or direct measurement gas calorimeters are in use. These instruments are the recording calorimeters in which natura!
gas is metered , or flowed at a constant rate, to a combustion assembly. Here the natural gas burns in an excess of air.
the combustion products flow through a heat exchanger in which the heat of combustion is transferred to a heat
exchange medium, either water or air, which is flowing at a constant rate.
The temperature increase in the heat exchange medium is proportional to the calorific value of the gas, calibration is
achieved using a reference material such as high purity methane or a natural gas of a traceable, certified calorifiC value.
Recording calorimeters generally operate continuously and provide a continuous record of calorific value, in addition data
systems are available which <;an provide calorific values averaged over periods of lime, i.e. hoUrly. six-hourly. daily.
I-'age I,
EN 1776:19%
Recording calo rimeters require controlled environment to achieve the highest standards of accuracy which are availabk
from such instruments.
6.2.3.2 Indirect measurement
Wit h composition derived measurement. the gas composition is measured. A technique often used is gao
chromatography. which can be driven on line and off line. A gas chromaiOgraph is an analyzer which separates ar.c:
measures particular individual or a composite group of components of na'ural gas. By comparing the detector signa! ,
with those from a well defined and suitable calibration gas, the composition of the natural gas can be calculated Basee;
on tne composition the calori fic value and other physical properties can be calculated. The analysis should be dor,
according to ISO 6974, ISO 6975 or ISO 6978, the computation shall be done according to ISO 6976.
\ With correlation techniques. one or more physical or chemical properties of the gas are measured and the calorif ic val<.;c
is determined from a given relationship between calorific value and those properties.

EXAMPLE 1: For gases containing only alkane hydrocarbons as combustible components the stoichiometric ratio is on :
property that can be determined in order to calculate calorific values .
EXAMPLE 2: The gas dens,ty and the velocity of sound in the gas are two properties that can be used in combination t.
determine calorific values.
6.2.4 Calibration
The calorific value measuring system shal l have a means of calibration in::luding calib,at ion st3ndards. The calibratic ..
system normally consists of :
a cylinder of gas of a traceab le calorif ic value given also in a certificate and, where a gas chromGtograph is to r.
calibrated. a gas composition with a certificate:
a dedicated pipeline connecting the cylinder to the measuring inst rument including the necessary pressu'
reduction;
where necessary, heating to prevent condensation of com ponents of the gas mixture.
6.2.5 Data storage and registration
All relevant data (i.e. measurement data, calibration facto rs, events) shall be stored on a sui table registrat ion ,
intervGls and for a period 0' time required by regulation or con tract. They moy be disployed and transferred to ., remo:
stat ion. Thus printers, computers, writing registration unit? etc. are in use. The calculation of the calorific valu e and othE
physical properties may be done by remote or by local
,@erformance requirements
6.3.1 Measuring system
In general. the performance of a measuri ng system is characterized by the following:
,.
...}..lS at.:t.: uracL
its repeatabil ity
it s discrimination
-
its
it s stabili!x
its availabil ity.
For gas chromatographs their ability to separat e gas components is essential. Gas chromatographs may be l!U
carry out analyses according to ISO 6974 and under operating conditions determined from a performance
complyi ng with ISO 10723.
The accuracy of the measuring system is depending on various factors. fl1ainly from the system being
Addi tional factors are: -- ,
operating
maintenance frequ ency and quality;
calibration gases;
-
-
sampling/clean up;
gas quality changes ;
ageing of measurino instruments.
Page 14
EN 1776:1998
NOTE: In general, th e measuring system uncertainty (see 6.2) of the calorific value is smaller than 1 %.
6.3.2 Calibration
The quality of the calibration gas is the key issue for the quality of the result of a measurement of the measuring system.
The performance requirements of the calibration system shall be consistent with the requirements for total uncertainty of
the overall calorific value measuring system.
The gas mixture to be used as a calibration standard shall have a composition which is stab le under the expected
conditions of storage and use. The purity of single component gases, necessary for adequate calibrat ion, shall be
defined.
EXAMPLE 1: 99,999 % for methane used for the calibration of recording calorimeters, proven by a certificate) .
If it is necessary to use mixtures which could be changed by the conditions of use then the calibration system shall be
designed to eliminate such possibilities.
EXAMPLE 2: The possibility of higher hydrocarbon condensation at expected ambient temperatures could be prevented
by trace heating of the cylinder and the pipeline to the measuring instrument.
The contribution of the uncertainty of the calibration process 10 the total uncertainty of the measured calorifiC vaiues
arises from
the uncertainty 011 the " ertified calorific value and/or gas composition;
the repeatability of the measurements on the standard to derive the calibration factor( s):
linearity of the instrument/differences in the calorific value/gas composition of the calibration gas and the gas
ur.der test.
These effects can be minimized by various rneans as follo,'.J s:
- For calorimeters and other instruments operating on a combustion principle the calibration gas may be a pure
gas INhere the uncertainty on the calorific value is accurately known,
EXAr'/lPLE 3: High purity methane is a suitable calibrant for many natural gases,
- For gas chromatographs the composition of the gas mixture is required and this can be produced to a high
accuracy by the gravimetric preparation of calibrants .
. The effects of repeatability of measurements can be minimized by statistical means by averaging a number 0 '
readings to obtain a mean value rather than by taking single point readings.
- The effects of non-linearity of the instrument can be reduced by requiring the calibration gas to be as close as
achievable to the calorific value and compOSition of the gases under test or by using multi-point calibration.
6.4 Operation and maintenance
6.4.1 Measurement
The calorific value measuring syster:1s shall be operated and maintained to meet design Th ese critsria srlali
into account national legislation requiremen ts , performance requirements and manufacturer's operating guioelines.
Off-line 9ils chromatographs are used where calorifiC value measurement via spot or incremental sample's is needed.
The gas chromatographs may be either process type or laboratory type, the latter can be used to give an extended
analysi s of a natural gas with all the components individually detected and quantified.
On-line gas chromatographs and Calorimeters cHe mostly used in remote measuring stations ano linked wth a suitable
sampling paint of the pipeline. Some gas chromatographs of the process type rr,ay be installed in hazcrdous areas,
ai ttlO ugh the electronic controllers are normally not rated for hazardous areas.
6.4.2 Calibration
Calibration procedures shall be established taking into account the following factors:
the required maximum permissible uncertainty of the output calorific value;
the uncertainty on the certifiej calorific value or composition or the calibration gas;
the number of calibration gases to cover the operational range;
the repeatability of the measuring instrument for the comparison of sample and standard;
the calibration frequency depending on the stability and the repeatability of the measuring instrument;
the duration of the calibration test in the case of recording calorimeters and stoichiometric devices and the
number of calibration runs in the case of gas chromatographs;
the requirements on 'the'calibration ;
Page 1
EN 1776:199f
In the case of gas chromatography, the gas composition shall be close to the expected gas composition to be measurec
Also a multi-point calibration procedure may be followed. In the latter case several calibration gases are used to calibrat '
the measuring system over a defined range covering the expected calorific value or gas composition range of the gas t.
be measured.
These cal ibration gases sha'i be prepared according to ISO 6142 or ISO 6143 or certified according to ISO 6141.
For chromatographs the gas shal l contain the essential components; when components not detected by the giL
chromatograph are present at a significant level, adequate corrective calculation is required according to ISO 6974 . Th ,
traceability of the calibration gas shall be established.
6.4.3 System check and data verification
An addit ional and separate check of the system with a verification gas assures that the calibration factors dr ift will n::
exceed preset values. A separate gas (verification gas) with known compositi on or calorific value should be used for thi:
purpose. If a limit is exceeded, the measuring system shall be checked.
6.4.4 Acceptance criteria
When calOrific values are measured on-line, acceptance criteria may be set to establish the validily of measured calard,
vc,lues. These criteria may tak e the form of maximum and/or minimum calorific values, these can be set for any type c
calor ifi" value measuring inst ru ment. or maxi mum and/or minimum component concentrations which can only be set b
gas chromatographs . Other acceptance criteria may be set which indicate the acceptable perforrllance of the measurin:
instrument.
Limits may be set on the total unnormalized molar concen tration for a gas chromatography analysi s Data a:::ceptalic
criteria shall be set at values whi ch are within or equal to any contractual limits but never outside these limits.
The operating procedure shall have a dedicated instruction where the limiting values are defined. The procedure 5 '1 <3
define the action to be taken . if a predefined percentage of consecutive measurements is found tagged . The proce::Jur '
shall clearly specify wheth er the results of a tagged measurem ent will be used or rejected automatically in the calorif :
vafue determination
7 Stability and calibration of gas measuring systems
7.1 Accuracy requirements
7.1.1 General
gas meteJ:2 and secondary instruments shall al least comply "l ith th e accuracy requirements fr o' ,
European Stcl1dards and legal requi rem ents. .
the measuring system shall be sufficiently accurate to comply with any additional cont -actual obligatio'].
NOT!== : Too strill gent requirement s can create unjustifiable cost s.
The characteri stics of each component sh al l match the characteristics of th e measura:1d for whic h it is intended. witi' :: ,
required degree of accuracy. Items specificclly to be looked at are working range and dynamic response to fluclua::');)
of the measurand (See annex E).
7.1.2 Maximum permissible errors
The maximum permissible errors for the result of a measurement may be specified:
a) for those ind ividual measuring instrumerts within the measuring system that can be calibrat ed and
separately and that can be replaced in cas e of a fai lure:
and
b) for the measuring system as a whole, if required by the con tract.
EXAMPLE 1: for a large m easu ring system case a) could be a single sensor,
for 2 small system it could be a complete volume conver sion device with all its sensors.
The maximum permissible error shall be specified as a percentage of the result 01 a measurement or as an
valus.
---.
A systematic error in one measuring inst rument of a measuring system shall not be cancelled by an opposite systematieJ
erro' in another measuring instrument.
EXAMPLE 2: a pressure sensor reading 2 % high shall not be compensated by <1 temperature sensor reading 6 K higi'
i.e. -2 %).
Page 16
EN 1776:1998
7.1.3 Compliance with the maximum permissible error
The station operator should be able to demonstrate on a 2-standard-deviation level that the error of each measuring
instrument of the measuring system for which a maximum permissible error has been specified and/or for the measuring .
system as a whole is within the maximum permissible error. For this purpose a well documented uncertainty analysis of
at least the measuring system is necessary. which Includes:
o the remaining systematic error in the result of a measurement. based on the results of the calibration of the
measuring Instruments;
o the uncertainty based on the specification. on tne ca libration certificates and on documented effects of
installation;
G the drift with time of the measuring instruments and the uncertainty in tr:at drift. assessed from recalibratiOIl
results or known performance;
Q an assessment of the installation effects. if any;
V an assessment of the effects of the uncertainty of the calibration eqUipment.
7.1.4 Calibration
7.1.4.1 General
The measuring instruments which form the measuring system. and which are relevant to the accuracy uf rleasurement.
shall be calioraled with traceability to national standards. The calibration should be performecJ at conditions as close as
possible to the actual operating conditions. However. a measuring instrument may be calibrated at differen: conditions. if
this is taken into account in uncertainty calculations,
Calibrations of instruments used for checkin and recalibration shall be done by accredited laboratories.
7.1.4.2 Measuring instrument calibration certificates
The calibrat ion certificates shall specily the systematic error in the result of a measurement if relevant as funclion of the
calibrated range. They shall also cO.1tain a statement on the uncertainty of Ihe calibration results.
7.1.4.3 Recalibration intervals
r::rom type testing and/or well documented experience with tha type of instruments used as the comp:)nents of the
measuring system. the drift of the initial calibration results and the uncertainty in the drift should be assessed. Based on
that, cheCking and recalibration intervals should be established.
7.1.5 Availability
The avai lability of measuring instrl;ments and of the measuring system shall be assessed. The station Qperator shall
indicate in what way results of measurement will be substituted in case of failure of a measuring instrument or the
system as a whole. The effect of the uncertainty of the substltlJted values on the uncertainty of the result of a
measurement shall be assessed. Even in the case of the use of substituted vaiues the result of a measU'ement over a
specified period of lime should stay within the limits agreed by the involved parties.
7.2 Installation requirements
7.2.1 General requirements
Gas meters shall be installed in tho plpework in accordance with the applicable EN or ISO standard and the
manufacturer's instructions.
7.2.2 Requirements on the inlet velocity profife
7.2.2.1 Conditions
AcceptClble swirl conditions and acceptable velocity profil9s may be taken to eXist when the SWirl angle is less than
specified by the manufacturer of the meter or found in the appropriate product standard.
For all meter types. although to a lesser extent for rotary displacement gas meters. a well developed velocity profile,
axisymmetric and free of swirl. is essential to obtain accurate flow measurements.
NOTE: The t if upslream of these lengths reasonable flow
conditions exist. The lengths speci Ie are no su ielent to obtain a fully developed flow profile in case of severe
asymmetric or swirling flow. In those cases considerably more straight lengtn or a flow conditioner is necessary to
obtain accuracy. unless tests have shown the accuracy of the meter involved in those circumstances.
EN 17761%
OPIPework requirements
W to obtain acceptable velocity profile conditions the following general measures shall be taken into accour
These shall be put in conju nction with the specific remarks on several meter types given in 7.2.3 to 7.2.6 as not [
meters are sensitive to perturbations in the velocity profile to the same extent. (See 7.2.2.4 for assessment of at!>
methods.)
T1;e required upstream and downstream pipe section and the gas meter shall have the same t
diameter:
any valve locatea just at the beginning of the required upstream straight pipe section shall have a cylindric
bore equal to the nominal pipe diameter;
if a regulator is installed upstream of a meter precautions should be taken;
use of pipe fitt ings or equipment that produce markedly asymmetric velocity profiles and/or sWirls shall tce
avoided within a sufficient length upstream of the gas meter, depending on the type of the gas meter.
EXAMPLE: single bends , Uturns. double bends out of plane. partly closed valves.
7.2.2.3 Flow conditioners
If the upstream conditions necessary lor a specific meter to maintain its accuracy, cannot be obtai led an adequate fiC'V\<>
conditioning device shall be used.
Downstream of any flow conditioning device a straight length of pipe should be allowed to let th0 velocity profile dew:, .
to the required quality in terms 01 velocity and turbulence distribution.
7.2.2.4 Assessment of acceptable velocity profile
In case the required quality of the upstream velocity profile cannot be ensured from the pipework and/or conditione
used two opti ons are open:
Measurement of the velOCity prof ile could be used to demonstrate the quality of the mete: inlet flow
it could be considered to calibrate the gas meter including its upstream pipework and possible
condi tioner.
7.2.2.5 Unsteady flow
Flow phenomena like pressure pulsations and velocity pulsations can cause serious errors in the flow measureme:
Frequency ranges and amplitudes that significantly affect the performance are dependent on the type of meter. its
and gas density. These phenomena shall be taken into account at the time or choosing the meter. (See A.4 for literate:
for assessment of actual situations),
7.2.3 Rotary displacement meters specifics
7.2.3.1 Upstream velocity profile
Rotary displacement mete-s are not generally sensitive to the pipework configuration at low pressures. A: hig"t
pressures (e.g. > 4 bar actual operating pressure), it might be necessary to ensure that the gas velocity profile at tne iI'
to the meter is well developed . [\lormally this can be achieved by using 4 0 uQStream and 2 0 downstream 0' st'31;:;
-E!..2.e with the same nominal bore as the meter Ilanges

7.2.3.2 Meter induced pressure pulsation s
Due to the measuring principle small pressure pulsations can arise. Normally. these have no effect on the performanc c....
However. if additional pipes are connected to the meter run or the meter is used in close proximity of a head
c
,
precauliuns shall be taken to avoid th e possibility of resonance. Combination in the same meter rUIl of a rot"
displacement meter vlith other meters should be aVClided due to th ese pressure pulsations.
7.2.4 Turbine meters specifics
The required upstream velocity profile at which accuracy is maintained is dependen t on the design of the meter.
results of type tests on the sensitivi ty of a meter for upstream di sturbances. specifically the one defined in prEN 122G
sha:1 be taken in to account.
7.2.5 Vortex meters specifics
Given the sensitivity of vortex meters for the alignment of the upstream pipework. the vortex meter should be calibrat
with its own upstream pipework which should only be disconnected after calibration. if exactly identical alignment
ensJred when installing the meter. (See also ISOIC D 12764 .)
Page 18
EN 1776:1998
7.2.6 Ultrasonic meters specifics
When installing ultrasonic meters attention should be paid to the flow velocity profile. Installation conditions providing . //I
fully developed velOCity profiles are reqUired for Single chord ultrasonic meters. For multichord meters the installation v--v-
conditions may be less stringent. He manufacturer's recommendations and ISO/GD 12765 should be considered.
7.2.7 Orifice plate specifics
Orifice plates shall be ins ta lled in accordance with EN ISO 51671 +111.
7.2.8 Electronics
7.2.8.1 General requirements
Transmission of signals from the gas meter and from the sensors shall be free of interference. The processing of
received signals shall not introduce systematic enrors, or noise.
In order to evaluate if an electrical or electronic system complies with 7.2.8.2 and 7.2.8.3 the following options exist
An instrument has the appropriate marking indi cating that a test report shows that the performance of the
instrument complies with the requirements:
An ir lstrument does not have the appropriate ma:king, but the manufactGrer delivers a written statement and a
report showing that the performance of the instrument complies with the requirements:
A panel with instruments has been verified as a whole resulting in a report from Wl1 ich it shows that the
performance of the panel compties with the requirements;
A panel has been buill up wit h instruments each bearing the appropriate marking indicating that a test report
SlOWS that the performance of the instruments complies with the requirements. Cables within tle panel shaH
be installed such that the panel complies with the immission requirements.
7.2.8.2 Immission requirements
For compliance with the EMG Direct ive the instruments installed shall comply with ENV 50140, ENV ENV 50142.
Depending on the premises most gas measuring stations are classified in lEG 801 as level 3.
NOTE 1: A level 3 environment is characterized by :
- no strict separation of cables;
- data lines may enter unfiltered;
- instruments may be earthed to the safet y earthing of power li nes;
- in the room larger inductive loads may be switched on and off.
NOTE 2: In general, compliance with the EMC Directive means that all electrical and electronic InstrJments
continue functioning and are not affected in their function by immissions that can occur in a level 3 environm9nt.
In pcrticular this means that
. a system does not react with an alarm or trip:
- the result of a measurem")nt of any sensor does not deviate from the true value at that moment til,"
sensor's accuracy).
NOTE 3: Loca! circumstances might necessitate cOr:lpliance with level 4.
7.2.8.3 Emission requirements
The maximum allowed values of emission, resulting in compliance with the ErvlC Directive, are given in EN 55011.
EN 55013. EN 55014. EN 55015, EN 55020 and EN 55022.
NOTE: In general this means that in struments are designed and installed SJch tnat the electromagnetic emiss ion
level is so low that other electrical or electronic systems will maintain their proper functioning and that broadcast
seN;ces are not disturbed.
8 Commissioning
8.1 Genera!
Gas measuring stations consis t of complex mechanical and electronic equipment which shall be properly commi ssioned
to ensure that it meets its design specification in operational service. A full fact ory acceptance test shall be undertaken at
the manufacturer 's works on as much of the system as possible before delivery to site. It shoD1d include a detailed
inspection of the mechanical parts of the system and end to end checks on the secondary instrumentation and flow
computers to validate the sign91 processing and data transfer between the various electronic components. Following
I'ay\;;
EN 1776:19
install.;ltion pre-start-up checks should be undertaken before the system is commissioned. Mechanical integrity of f
station shall comply with prEN 1594.
8.2 Test equipment
All items of test equipment to be used for commiss ioning shall have either a valid cal ibration certificate which has be
issued by an accredited laboratory. or shall use test equipment with calibmtion certification which is acceptable t;
partners involved in the corrmjssioning This requirement does not extend to equipment which is used for the
of electrical current or signais only. However. the output of such equipment should be stable and repeatable.
Test equipment used tor ad'ustment shall have an of measurement of at least one third of the uncertall'1:),
the particul ar items of instru.llentation to be tested (at the conditions at which the tests take place) Where applicable:
uncertainty of measurement of the test equipment shall comply with national regulations.
All test equipment shall be suitable for the environment in which it is used. If it is to be used in a hazardous area it s'
have the appropriate safety certificate.
8.3 Pre-commissioning
Following installation it shall be ensured that all s'llarf and debris have been removed from the pipework and tha: ;
:.;ystem has been purged, pressure tested 2'ld pressurizeo up to the meter inlet valve. The system shall be inspec:
visually to ensure that it is complete and in accordance with the design. In particular the automCltic and manual iso!il:
and vent valves shall be checked to ensure safe and reliable operation.
The eqUipment certificates kn all electrical systems and their cabling in hazardous areas shall be checked to ensure ,:
they comply with the appropriate standards.
All personnel involved in commissioning shall be competent.
Care shail be taken when opening the outlet valve to ensure that the rr.eter i5 not subjected to excessive press,
differentials or subjected to overspeeding. This is particularly important when pressurizing large downstream plpe'I.
volumes through turbine and rotary displacement meters.
Any specific pre-commissioning checks defined by the manufacturer shall be undertaken.
8.4 Test and calibration procedures
8.4.1 Genera I
The test and catibration procedures depend upon the installation layout and whether or not a bypass is fitted. The, sl
ensure that the measuring system performs satisfactorily in situ and that t'le system u.'lcertainty conforms to the
These procedures shall be undertaken prior to bringinq the measuring s,ation into commercia!
The test and calibration procedures shall be defined. .
The peri0r11anCe of the typical tests given in 8.4.2 to 8.4.5 ensures that the test and ca!ibration procedure
are :n et
Gas meterS and the other irstrumentation shall be ilspected visually before they are installed in the meter run.
8.4.2 Test equipment temperature stabilization
Before commencing any tests or calibration on equipment located in temperature controlled areas t'le test equipmen:
shall be left ill an energized state for sufficient time for the temperature to stabilize.
8.4.3 Gas meters
8.4.3.1 Rotary displacement meters
A check should be carried out to ensure that lubricants of the correct grade. quality and viscosity have bc'len ad:i"Jc
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
The differential pressure across the meter at given indicated flowrates should be checked against the figures pro'lidecJ
the manufacturer.
he pulse output signals from tne meter shall be Checked against the primary indicating devices.
8.4.3.2 Turbine meters
A check should be carried out to ensure that lubricants of the correct grade, quality and viscosity have been added
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
A visual inspection of the meter should be carried out together with a "spin down" test and audio check if required.
The pulse output signals from the meter shall be checked against the primary indicating devices.
Page 20
EN 1776:1998
8.4.3.3 Vortex meters
Visual inspection of the meter and its associated inlet and outlet pipework should be carried out.
The meter shall be mounted concentric with the pipes.
The output p-Jlse signals of the sensor(s) shall be checked toget her with that unit which converts the signa!(s) to scaled
pulses.
8.4.3.4 Ultrason ic meters fI/A
A check should be undertaken to ensure Inat suitable signals are being generated. that the velocity of sound is within the
range expected and is similar on all chord under uniform temperature conditions.
A check shall be made to ensure that there is a zero reading on each chord when the meter is isothermal and isolated
from any flow.
8.4.3.5 Orifice meters I j /)
The orifice plates shall be examined to ensure that nr::idamage has been sustained during installalion . Particular
attention should be paid to the upstream square edge of the oritice bore and the upstream face. The upstream face of
the orifice plate should be examined with a straight edge to ensure that no warping or distortion has occurred .
A certificate for compliance with EN ISO 5167-1 +A1 shall be available. Dimensions and physical condition (orif ice bore,
flatness. roughness, but also internal diameter of direct upstream section ) shall be determined in a conditioned
environment and registered as evidence.
The orifice fitting shall be exa mined to ensure that no debris is present to prevent the proper seating of the orifice plate.
The nature and quantity of any liqui::J present in the fitting should be noted and the fitting drained. Tappings should be
checked, using an internal inspection deVice if necessary, to ellsure that no grease. preservative or sludge are present.
T[1e good cO:1dition of the orifice fitting seals shall be checked follOWi ng each inspection.

If a master meter has been installed a comparison check should be carried out. When the differences in pressure and
temperature between the meters are taken into account the calculated dif ference between the measurements of vCJlume
shall be smaller than the agreed
8.4.5 Secondary instrumentation
8.4.5.1 General
All secondary instrumentation co ntributing [0 the end results of measurement shail have be en calibrated wi'il trac eability
to a national standard before installation cn si te. To prevent unexpected trClnsport effects also an on-site test s"a!1 b8
carried out.
The sensors and all combined componen,s such as interfaces. signal convertors. power supply units, includi ng cablin9
and other electronic equipment forming a measuring chain shall be tested and calibrated as a unit.
The readoLit of the result of a can be taken from the display. monitor, reco rder or printer of the m;;e.sLJnng
system and shall be compared wlliJ the phYSical condition prevailing at the sensor.
All test results shall be recorded at the time of test including the ambient temperature. Each report shall be signeo by the
representativ es of the parties offici <lIly involved.
For further details see anllex D.
Differential pressure sensors
Differential pressure sensors shall be tested at three or more nominal poin ts over their worlsing range. The outpUl of the
differential pressure sensor should be observed bot h riSing and falli ng pressure difference. The differeltial pressure
sensor shou'd be overranged..!.o 110 % 21 its operating range in betlNeen the rising and falling tests.
Differential pressure sensors should preferably be tested at operating conditions. If this test is impossible corrections for
shift in sensor output when pressure is elevated from ambient to operrating pressure shall be applied.
seosot:S
The sensors shCJ!l ld be isol ated from thf:l pipework and tested. The tests shuuld be undertaken at three nomi nal points
over the operating .tange of the instrument for both rislnq and falling pressures.
-
The pressure sensor should be overranged to 110 % of the operating range of the instrument in between the rising and
fall ing tests. '
f'd\:J
EN 1776:1:

Temperature sensors
4
The method of calibratio n of the temperature sensor is dependant on the sensor type and whether or not a
thermowell has been provided for this purpose.
8.4.5.5 Density sensors for operating and base conditions
Density sensors should be tested in accordance with D.4.
8.4.5.6 Gas chromatograph
The gas chromatograph shell be calibrated in accordance with of 6.3.2.
8.4.5.7 Flow computer
A check should be carried out to ensure that the relevant constants and formulae have been properly inserted ;r
computer software at the factory and that it performs the flow calculation in accordance with the appropriate standarc
Typical tests on the flow camp' 'ter, which should be carried out prior to the full functional tests detailed in 8.4 .5.8,
o
include, but not be limited te , the following:
An analogue to digital conversion test at 5 nominal points over the working range including zero and full
(span) The errors should be within the permitted tolerance
A density sensor input test. The calCulated density should agree with the computed density withir
resolution 01 the display.
A temperature input linearization test at 5 simulated temperatures over the input range The simul
tenJperature and the computed temperature should agree within the permitted limits.
A flow computation test which should agree with the calculated flowrate according to the requirements 0'
o
applicable standards
Computation of density according to ISOIDIS 9857 'Nhich ShoU ld agree with the off-line calculation to ,',
({)
the permitted tolerance (see also 0.4.14))
OPulse input tests.
Following the tests and calibration of the secondary instrumentation a fu ll functional test shall be carried out or
measuring system using simulated inputs, This test confirms the overall uncertainty of the system including the senS ..
to digital conversion and the flow compl.ltation _.
9 Acceptance
9.1 General
The pr incipal requirements for the acceptance of che measuring station should be defined by agreement betweer
involved parties .
Strength and tightness tests shall be carried out according to prEN 12327 and prEN 12186.
To aehie'/e technical acr:ep:ance of the measuring system at least the follo\Ving conditions should be mgt:
Successful cOnlr71issioning of the system;
any changes necessary for custody transfer requirements:
ail documentatiO.l complete
9.2 Post-commissioning check
A post-commissioning check shall be carried out after an agreed period following the commencement of com me
operation of the measuring station to ensure that it is still within specification. The checks should be
accordance with or as close to the test and cal ibration procedures detailed in 8.4. (See also annex D.)
10 Operation and maintenance
10.1 General
10.1.1 The operator of the measuring station shall prepare and maintain auditable procedures for its operation. Tre..
procedures shall ensure that the measuring station is operated within and retains its design performance
service IIIe. They should be agreed between the involved parties.
Page 22
EN 1776:1998
1 0.1.2 All persons actively involved in the operation and maintenance of the measuring station should be identified and
their duties and responsibilities shou:d be fully documented.
10.1.3 To ensure that the measuring system performs w:thin the required accuracy and maintains a high level of
reliability. routine inspection and should be carried out to a se: procedure. The frequency of
in spection/calibration should be based on the required system uncertainty. the mete' performance and any changes to
the process paramerers
The results of inspection and should be registered and available in case of discussions on meter
performance.
10.1.4 Regular inspection and maintenance of certified electrical equipment shall be carried out in accordance with legal
requirements and/or the manufacturer'S instructions.
10.1.5 Where applicable the operation of the meter run and by-pass valves. the pressure regulation equipment and
associated fi:ters should be checked for CQ':ect operation i' they have an influence on the operation of the measuring
system.
10.1.6 All maintenance work should be conducted in accordance with national health and safety legislation.
10.1.7 Flow rates and operating pressures shall be checked periodically to ensure the measuring system. including
the secondary instrumenta tio n. is \'Jithin the design constraints.
10.1.8 Wherever a fixed factor pressure conversion is applied, the set value of the regulator and in case of preheating
also the set value of the temperature control shall be checked periodically.
10.1.9 A method to monitor the performance of a measuring system is to install a complete extra measuring system, that
either runs in series permanently or can be switched in series whenever a total system check is needed. Maximum
permissible values shall be specified for the dif ference between the results of measurement from the primary and from
the check system.
To avoid differences in readout due to sys:amatic differences between standards, components should be calibrated
according to the same standard. When assessing the differences between the pilm3ry and checx system attention shali
be given to uncertainty of the components possible effects of the installation.
10.2 Gas meters
10.2.1 General
The gas meters should be examined externc,:i,1 for signs of faulty operation such as excessive noise, irregular movement
of the index and for ev;dence of corrosion or o:her damage.
Where meters r quire periodic lub-!'i-s tioll thi :: shall be undertaken in accordance with Ine manufacturer's instructions.
If a master meter is ins a at the station a compariscn check shall be underia:"en periodically. If the difference of
indication be:ween the master meter and tha meter under test. taking into account the differences in metering conditions.
is outside the agreed limit further invest igatic-: shall be made.
_ pulse outputs from gas meters. if shall be cOMpared periodically agai1s'. each other and agai1st the meter
.otalizer.
If there is any doubt about the or the meter. the reason shall be investigated, and if necessary, the rneter
shall be replaced
Reference should be made to the manufacturer's instructions for any specific checks or adjustments required to maintain
the meter uncertainty within the specificatior:
10.2.2 Rotary displacement meters
A significant increase in the differential pressure might indicate the existence of a mechanical fault or an obstruction. The
meter shall then be removed from the pipework and inspected internally.
10.2.3 Turbine meters
If the operation of the turbine meter is in doubt it should be removed, where necessary, from the pipework for an internal
inspection. Attention shall be given to proper installation, CJeposits. wear or damages on the meter pipe wall. the inJet
hub. the straightener and the turbine wheel.
The effect of a certain amount of fouling on the performance varies from meter to meter.
A spin down test should then be carried out in draught free environment. Comparis01s of measured spin down times with
the manufacturers' values for a new meter give a good guide to the condition of the bearings of the meter.
10.2.4 Vortex meters
When the operation of a vortex gas meter is in doubt it should be removed from the pipework for internal inspec;.
Often failures are caused by the sensors (thermistors) which could defect the vortex. Attention shall be given to pr,: ./
installation, deposits, wear or damages on the meter pipe wall or the bluff body, and to edge sharpness of the bluff bc
10.2.5 Ultrasonic meters
The meter bore should be examined visually using optical probes via one or more of the transducer ports. Any deb'
the meter tube and deposits which can have built up on the walls of the meter tube shall be removed . The transd,
porls should also be checked to ensure that they are free of any blockage.
On a regular basis the signal to noise ratio on the received signals shall be checked. Decreasing signal to noise r=:
indicate either deteriorating ultrasonic transducers or fouling up of transducer ports. In both cases systematic e'
might occur on longer term, if the detection mechanism overlooks parts of the pulses. The extent to which this n'
happen and to which the meter itself is able to detect it, depends on the design of the electronics and its signal chec
procedures. The manufacturer should be consulted for details .
10.2.6 Orifice Meters
The orifice plates, the orifice carriers and the associated pipewor/< shall be examined periodically for signs of
deterioration (see 8.4.3.5).
For orifice plates attention shall be paid specifically to :
bore diameter
edge sharpness
plate flatness
dirt and debris particularly on the upstream face.
For the carrier and associated pipework special attention shall be paid that:
the upstream pipe is free from dirt. debris, damage and deterioration
the condition of the orifice carrier seals is
the plate bore is concentric with the carrier and upstream pipe.
If significant damage or deterioration has been found this shall be repaired and it shall be checked tha: a!:
pans again comply with EN ISO 5167-1 +A1.
10.3 Conversion devices
The conversion device shall be examined and the calibration checked periodically
10.4 Post-maintenance check
When the maintenance checks on ttle gas meter and secondary instrumentation (see 8(5) have been
completed the responsible test personnel shall ensure that the measuring system proper:y.
10.5 Compliance
shall be ensured that the measuring station continues to be conform to the contract through'lut its operational ide s
Any significant changes on the measuring system shall be recorded.
10.6 Documentation
10.6.1 General
The operator shall establish and maintain an archive containing all documentation required for the operatlo:';
maintenance of the measuring station.
10.6.2 Maintenance documentation
Maintenance records shal l be kept as agreed by the parties involved, but for at least one year.
10.6.3 Documentation approval
At each stage during inspection, test or calibration a test record sheet shall be completed by the person
work. All entries shall be indelible and completed in accordance with the measuring station operating procedures.
Page 24
EN 1776:1998
10.6.4 Documentation inspection
The operator shall ensure that all documentation, in particular that necessary to demonstrate the performance of the
measuring station with regard to billi ng purposes, is avail able for inspection by authorized personnel and competent
authorities .
For further information see annex E.
Page
EN i 776:19
Annex A (informative)
Pulsation and vibration
A.1 Introduction
Systematic errors in flow measurement may be caused by gas pressure pulsations, velocity pulsations and vlbrat 'c
Therafore, in the design phase it IS necessary to take into account the pulsation and vibration sources and to inveslici
and calculate or predict the pulsation and vibration levels.
These investigations and ca'culations are in general very complicated, but nowadays computer programs and
techniques are available to solve this problem. Furthermore, there are some rules that can help the engineer to avoid:
occurrence of the most severe pulsation and vibration phenomena.
A,2 Pulsations
Pulsations are caused by tu'bulent flow phenomena, compressor installations, pressure reduction devices and ,'"\ ce"
cases by the meters themselves.
A very important dynamic f ow phenomenon is the 'flow induced pulsation'. Design rules for pipework to aVOid Ir -'
types of pulsation can be derived from references [1], [2J, [3J, [4 J. [5J and [6J.
Formulae for orifice metpr errors due to flow pulsations are given in reference s [7], (8J and [9J.
Formulae for turb ine meter errors due 10 flow pulsations can be derived from references [10). [11 J. and [13)
A.3 Pipe vibrations
A.3.1 General
Severe problem s arise when the mechanical natural wave frequency of a pipework is equal or very close to the excite :
frequency, caused for example by reciprocating compressors and flow induced pulsations. The natural frequencie::
simple pipework with simpl9 supports can be calculated from standard formulae (reference [14)) . For more
systems, computer programs, usually based on finite element methoas, can be used to determine the na\.
frequencies and the vibration levels.
A.3.2 Criteria for vibration levels
Vibration criteria, derived from field measurements, are given in reference [15J. References [16J and [1 7J mal
consulted al so.
A.4 References
[1 J Self-sustained aero-acoustic pulsations in gas transport systems: experimental study of the influence of cl8:
side branches. Bruggeman JC.; Hirschberg A.; Van Dongen rvl .E.H; WiJnands A.P.J.; Gorter J. Journal 0: so,.
and vibrations (199 1, 1503). 371-393.
[2 ] Flow induced pulsa tions in gas transport sysrems. Gorter J. 1989 International Gas Research Conference. Td .
Japan, 6-9 November 1989.
[3] Ftow induced pulsa:ions in
26 June 1987.
pipe systems, Bruggeman J.C. Thesis , University Eindhoven . The f'le:h9rla,,:
[4) Dr R S Motlram, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Surrey University
types of meters in particular orifice plate meters
on the eHects of pulsatlor.s 0'"
[5J VDIIVDE 2040 Blatt 1 Calculation principles for the measurement of fluid flow using orifi ce plates, nozzies <:
venturi tubes - Deviations and supplements to DIN 1952
VDINDE 2040 Blatt 2 Calculation principles for measurement of fluid flow using orifice plates, nOlzles ant veT
tubes Equations and formulae
[6J PTB G 13 Merlgerate fur Gas - Einbau und Betrieb von Turbinenradgaszahlern
[7J A study of pulsation effects on orifice rneas'Jring of compressible flow. Sparks C. R. Proceedings of ASME FI
measurement symposium September 1966.
[8J A practical pu lsation threshold for flowmeters. Head V.P. Transactions 01 ASME, vol. 1472, October 1956.
[9J ISOtTR 3313 : 1992 Measurement of pulsatin9 fluid flow in a pipe by means of orifice plates, nozzles or Ven:
tubes, in particular in the case of sinusoidal or square wave intermittent periodic-type fluctuations.
[10] Pu lsation effects of turbine meters. Bonner JA Pipe Line Industry, March 1977.
[11] Pulsation errors in turbine flowmeters. Haalman A. Control Engineering, May 1965.
[12J Dynamic response of turbine flow meters, 1-1.1-1. Dijstelbergen, Instrument Review, June 1966, page 241 - 244
Page 26
EN 1776:1998
[13] Rotameters and turbine flow meters in pulsating flow measurement. H. H. Dijstelbergen. Measurement & Control.
Vol. 3 (1970). page T197 - T204
[14J Mechanical vibrations. Den Hartog J.P. McGraw-Hili Book Company. 1956.
[15] Reliability and performance aSSurance in the design of reciprocating compressor and pump installations. Von
Nimitz W.w. Proceedings of the 1974 Purdue Compressor Technology Conference.
[ 16J Ensuring the reliability of offshore gas compression systems. Wachel J.C: Von Nimitz W. W. Journal of Petroleum
Technology; November 1981.
[17] Techniques faT controlling piping vibrations and failures. Wachel J.e.; Bates C. L., ASME publicati on 76-Pet-18.
Page
EN
Annex B (informative)
Guidelines for instrumentation
B.1 Guideline on design criteria
Table B.1
Design capacity 0
m
3
/h (at base conditions)
500 5 000 10000 100 000
1 Proving system for measurement , X X
e.g. series-connected stand-by meter
2 Temperature conversion
,
X X X X
3 Pressure X X X X
4 z-Converslon X X X
5 Determination of calorificvalue and X
gas quality
6 Registration of flow oUClntity X X
per time interval
7 Alternative for 2, 3 and 4: X X
density measurem ert
NOTE: The use of the men:ioned functions also for smal ler stations is not restricted.
B.2 Guideline for the selection of meters
Table 8.2 provides an out li ne of characteristics of the commonly used gas meters. It is not intended to be used as a rig
procedure to make a choice of a gas meter for a certain application, but to serve as a list of the poi1ts of attentio;J \Nn
O
considering the layout of a gas measuring station.
Table 8.2
Applicable
factors
Rotary displace
ment meters
Turbine meters
!
I
Vortex meters Ultrasonic
meters
Orifice meters
Gas density at
operating
conditions
Increased risk. rvllnimum flow Is
lowered with
increased density.
Minimum flow is
lowered wi th
increased density.
Unaffected over
specified density
range.
Decisive fo r the
result of
measurement .
Gas borne solids Possible blockage
of the impellers
Filter required.
Deposits possible
Blades may be
damaged and
freedom of
rotation may be
affected . Filter
required.
Deposits and bluff
body erosion
possible. Filter
required .
Normally
unaffected: f the
transducer ports
clog up with dirt
the functi:m of the
meter may be
disturbed. Filter
recommended.
Erosion and
deposits
Fil ter required.
Presence of gas- Corrosion Corrosion Deposit of liquids Possibl e Wear due to
borne liquids possible Freezing
possible. Material
of const:uction
may be affected.
possible, freezing
possible.
Lubricant dilution
and rotor
imbalance are
possible.
in the
measurement
ducts
possible Thi s
causes an
influence on the
measuredvalues.
deteriorating
signal to noise
ratio may lead to
functional
problems: if
transducer' ports
clog up the meter
function may be
disturbed
corrosio;J in mete
may cause ftow
errors Deposits
the orifice face
and/or in the 6p
tappings may
affect accuracy.
(continued)
IJ d\:je; ll;
EN 1776:1998
Table B.2 concluded)
Applicable Rotary displace- Turbine meters Vortex meters Ultrasonic Orifice meters
factors ment meters meters
Pressure and Rapid variations Rapid pressure No damage. but Unaffected. Rapid pressure
flow variations may cause variations may measurement variations may
damage. Due to cause damage. errors possible. cause damage.
inertia of impellers
sudden and large
changes in flow
can lead to
momentary high
or low pressure in
the downstream
or upstream
pipework.
Pulsating flow unaffected Rapid cyclic flow Accuracy Unaffected as Accuracy
changes cause affected 1019 as the duty depends on rate
too high results of Magnitude cycle of the of response of
a measurement. depends on pulsation is larger instrum en tation.
EHects will frequency and than the sampling Accuracy
depend on flow variation cycle of the meter. affected.
frequency and amplitude.
magnitude of the
flow changes, gas
density and inertia
of turbine.
Typical turn 30 : 1 30: 1 30: 1 30: 1 10 : 1,
down ratios The higher the The higher the if using dual range
inside the
density, the larger density, the larger differential
permitted limit 01
the turn-down the turn-down pressure cells.
error
ratio. ratio.
Overflow Overflow possible Overflow possible Overflow possible. Overfiow possible. Overflow possible
for a short time. lor a short tim e. up to the
permitted
differential
pressure at the
orifice 2Jate.
Increase of the Increase in Increase in Increase in Increase in Increase in
I
nominal
maximum flow maximum flow maximum flow maximum flow maximum liO'N
I
capacity1 needs larger needs larger needs larger needs larger needs larger
meters or mecers or meters or meters or orifice bore
additonal streams additonal streams additonal streams additonal streams diamater plates 0' I
or higher or higher or higher or higher additeJnal streams I
pressure. pressure. pressure. pressure or higher I
pressure.
!
, Security of Meter failure can Meter failure has Meter failure has Meter failure has Meter failure has
supply Interrupt the Q2.S no effect. no effect. no effect. no effect .
supply.
Space required No special For pipe lengths For pipe lengths For pipe l engths For pipe lengths
for the meter and requirements for in up- and down in up-: and down- in up- and down in up- and down-
its pipework
up-and stream pipe'Nork stream pipework stream pipework stream pipework
downstream straight pipe straight pipe straight pipe straight pipe
pipework. length required. lengtl-) required. length required. length required
Manufacturer's Their lengths to Their lengths to T neir lengths to accocding to t:N
instructions to be be taken from the be tak'en from the be taken from the f305167-1 +A1.
followed . installation installation installation
To ensure a instructions instructions instructions of the
continuous gas according to the accorqing to the manufacturer.
supply a bypass applicable applicable
may be required. standard. standard.
TYEical p i ~ e _ (depending on
)pn"f.h
configuration) . ~
:.-YP slream [ll:;!
4 5 20 10 30
- nnwn<;frp<lm ON 2 2 5 3 7
I NOTE: Initial oversiling of the meters may affect low flow accuracy of measurement.
r'age L
EN 1 7 7 6 : 1 9 ~
Annex C (informative)
Set of equations to calculate volume or mass or energy
C.1 General
This annex provides the S8: of equations normally used to calculate the gas quantity by volume expressed in CUl
metres at base conditions, by mass expressed in kilogram or by energy expressed in joule or multiples at b2
conditions.
It is supposed thal the measurement provides the volume V in m
3
at operating condit.ons. For orike plate calculatic'
see EN ISO 5167-1 +A1
This annex uses the symbols given in table C.1.
Table C.1
p Gas density at operating conditions
Pc
Gas density at base conditions
E Energy at base conditions
H; .rr Calorific value at base conditions, based on mass
H;,v Calorific value at base conditions, based on volume
M Mass
M", Molar Mass
p Operating pressure
Po
Base pressure
R"
Universal gas constant
T Operating temperature
fb Base temperature
V Volume at operating conditions
V ~ Volume at base conditions
z Compression factor of the gas at operating conditions
Zo Compression factor at base conditions
C.2 Calculation of volume
The volume at base conditions Vs is calculated by:
(C l'
Alternatively, by calculating the density p at operating conditions by:
j) x Ai
p= In
T x z x R
J
(C.2)
the conversion formula becomes:
(C.3)
Page 30
EN 1776:1998
C.3 Calculation of mass
The mass M is calculated by:
M==Vx(J in kg
(C.4)
or when again the density at operating conditions from equation (C.2) is inserted:
lv! = J' ji x Iv! rn
in kg
(C.5)
T X Z X R ~
CA Calculation of energy
The energy E can be calculated either via the volume or via the mass, by multiplication with the calorific value Hs.
In case of volume based calculation the equation becomes:
ill J (C6)
where Vo results either from equation (C.1) or from equation (C.3).
When based on mass the equation becomes:
E'-' MX H5m
in J (C. ?)
where M results from either equation (C.4) or from equation (C.5).
Page
EN 1776:19
Annex 0 (informative)
Secondary instrumentation - test procedures
c1GJlliferential pressure
D. 1.1 General
Different ial pressure sensors should be tested in one of the following 'Nays:
high static pressure testing
"Footprint testing"
atmospheric calibration .
The method chosen is dependant upon the static pressure at which the measuring is undertaken, the location. of ;
measuring station and the availability of the appropriate test equipment.
D.1.2 Hig h static pressure testing
Each differential pressure sensor should be tested in situ using a certified pneumatic deadweight test er or
calibreltion instrument with a certified uncertainty of at least 1/3 of the uncertainty 01 the particular sensor. It should
pressurized to the samepressure as the measuring line under normal operating conditions.
Corrections should be made \0 the stamped 'v'leightpieces of the deadweight tester to take account of the effects of Ie
gravity and of the operating temperature, if this varies significantly fron the calibration temperature at wr.ich :
deadweight tester WelS calibrated.
If there is a difference in level between the sensor and the deadweight tester a buoyancy correction fact or should also
applied.
The output of the differential pressure sensor should be observed and recorded with both rising a,d fall !ng pre35ure
three or more . oints over its working range. The differential pressure sensor should be overranged to 11 Q ;:
its w:Jrking range in betweer the ris ing an a If1g tests.
Iero and span adjustments may be made to bring the sen sor centrally within the agreed tolerance.
D.1 ,3 "Footprint testing"
For "Footprint testing" the differential pressure sensors first should be tested and adjusted at high static pressure
accredited calibration laboratory on the same basis as described above. A further calibration is then carriec Oc,:
amb,ent pressure and another test record ("the Footpri nt") is generated.
At the measuring station each differential pressure sensor should be tested in situ using a certi fied deadweig:-:, tee
connected to the high pressure port with the low pressure port open to atmosphere.
After the above tests have been completed a zero cheCk should be undertaken at the operating static pressure
The recorded results of measurement from the tests should then be compared with those or. th8 "Fc :lt p'
generated in the above mentioned laboratory. If they are not within the permi tted tolerance the ditfe,ential
sensor should be returned to the laboratory for calibration and adlustment
AtmosPheric calibration
As 2n alternative to the above methods the differe1tial pressure sensors may be tested at atmospheric pressu'e o!
Each differential pressure sensor should be tested in situ using a certified deadweight tester connected to tne hT
pressure he low res sure ort 0 en to atmos ere.
be paid to the fact that differential pr.essure sensors tend to be sensitive to t: ansfe : from amb,
pressure to operating pressJre..:, Correction for the systematic sh ift of the output, inherent to this 'Nay of cal lbraffi:J:. II /i S
be required.
If the recorded results of Measurement are not within the permitted tolerance, then the sensor should be rep las'
Alternatively adjustment of :he zero and span may be undertaken to br ing it "/ithin tolerance, if thi s is permitted by '.
measuring station operating procedures.
D.2 Pressure sensors
The result of a measurement at each point should be within the permitted tolerance. If this is not the case then t
pressure sensor should be replaced. Alternatively, span qnd zero adjustment may be undertaken to bring the instrL/m;
within the permitted tolerance, if this is permitted by the measuring station operating procedures.
Page 32
EN 1776:1 998
( '0] Temperature sensors
"---if.3.1 General
If there is no test thermowell, the platinum resistance thermometer should be removed from its thermowell and placed in
an insulated beaker containing a fluid at ambient temperature together with a calibrated thermometer device. When the
reading on the thermometer has stabilized the same procedure as below should be followed.
0.3.2 Platinum resistance thermometers (PRT's)
The linearity of a platinum resistance thermometer sensor IS inherent in its design end construction and is not subject to
drift or ageing. calibration of these sensors need only to be carried out at one point in their operating range.
If a test thermowell has been provided a calibrated thermometer device should be placed into it. When the thermometer
reading has stabilized it sholiid b(Lcompared with the temperature reading displayed by the flow computer. If the
comparison is within the agreed limits the results of measurement should be recorded on the test record sheet. Where
the reading is outside the agreed limits the element should be changed.
0.3.3 Other temperature sensors
For other se11iconductQLha.sed tem,:>erature sensors it is necessary to carry out the tests at two points on the 0 erati
as trey may be subject to ageing and drift. In this case the eVlce s ou e remove rom the thermowell and
placed, with a calibrated thermometer device, in an insulated beaker containing, initially, melting ice and then.9iL
at ambient temperature. The above procedure should then be followed. Alternatively temperature calibrators may be
used to and maintain the necessary temperatures.
------- 0.4 Density sensors
0.4.1 Density sensors for operating conditions
0.4.1 .1 General
Density sensors should be tested in one of the following ways:
the vacuum test;
the nitrogen/methane test;
the calculation method.
The method chosen is dependant t.:pon the other secondary instrumentation installed on site and the availability of the
appropriate test equipment.
If the instrument is outside the agreed limits, it should be removed for recalibration .
0.4.1 .2 Vacuum test
Th e density sensor should be isolated from the process. It should be connected to a vacuum pump and evacuated to an
llbso!ute pressure of 1,3 mbar or less.
Thp. lemperature of the density sensor should be measured using a calibrated thermometer device inserted into a
thermoweli adjacent to the density sensor or by its own temperature device, if one is fitted.
When stabi l ty has been achieved, the output time period of the densi ty sensor ShClUld be measured using a calibrated
timer counter. The measured time period and the vacuum point time period (takel from the density sensor calibration
certificate) should be within the a;)reed limits. These limIts include an uncertainty for the density sensor, and an
uncertainty for the temperature shift
0.4.1,3 Nitrogen/Methane test
A supply of high purity nitrogen/methane with a certified quality is connected to the density sensor and a reference
pressure using a deadweight tester is applied. Once stable conditions exist the applied pressure. density sensor
temperature and displayed periodic time should be recorded.
The N2/CH< density for the pressure and temperature recorded should then be calculated and compared with the
density sensor reading. The difference should be within the agreed limits.
D.4, 1.4 Calculation method
In stations where the gas composition is reasonably stable and can be determined by a chromatograph the density
sensor should be checked by the following method:
a) Before commencing the tests it should be ensured that the density sensor has been in operation for a period
sufficient in order to stabilize the temperature of the sample gas.
b) When stable conditions have been attained the measured operating density is compared with a computed
reference operating density. The diflerence between both density values should not exceed the agreed limits.
c) Tile instantaneous reference value of the operatingdensity should be computed [rom the [allowing data:
Page ~
EN 1 7 7 6 : 1 9 ~
the results of measurement of gas pressure and temperature;
the compression factor z calculated on the basis of the gas analysis in accordance with the formulae
ISOIDIS 12213.
0 .4.2 Density sensors for base conditions
The density sensor for base conditions should be calibrated in accordance with an agreed procedure and t
manufacturer' s instructions.
The density sensor for base conditions should be calibrated at two points by introducing, sequentially, two gases
known base density into the sample chamber. The purity and base density of the test gases should be defined accord,;
to applicable standards. Calibration constants should be calculated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions .
The values of displayed base density should not differ from the reference base density values by more than I
permitted tolerance.
Page 34
EN 1776:1998
Annex E (informative)
Performance characteristics
E.1 General
This annex specifies a method that could be used to specify the performance characteristics of a measuring station and
to relate them to the metrological requirements. The concepts used comply with the ISO Guide to the of
Uncertainty in Measurement (GEU), with the OIML International Vocabulary 01 Basic and General Terms in Metrology
(VIM) and ISO 5168. In addition to the above mentioned documents. this annex deals with the relation belween the
uncertainty of measurement and accuracy requirements in terms of ma ximum permissible errors.
This annex uses the symbolS given in table E.1.
Table E.1
f3
Syslematic error
0 Drilt
MPE Maximum permissible error
p Pressure
I Time
T Temperature
U Total uncertainty
Uo Uncertainty type A ("random")
Uncertainty type B ("systematic")
Uncertainty in 0
V Vo lume
z Compression factor
E.2 Accuracy specification of a measuring instrument
E.2.1 New instrument
For a measuring instrument a quantifiable accuracy statement can be given by the systemati c error j3 and the uncertaiillY
U.
-
______ The systematic error (3 is defined as the mean result of an infinite number of repeated measurements of the same
;;'asurand minus the true value of t'"le measurand.
Since the true value of the measurand is unknown, fJ is unknowri. However, fJ can be approximated by a calibration
the result of a measurement is compared to a standard that represents the conventional true value. Purpose oJ
th e calibration is also to eliminate tbfil effect o.L tbe systematic error by adjusting the instrument or by determining a
CCii7eCtT"on or correction factor. Thi s elimination is not always completely possible, due to the fact that f3 might vary over'
""Th e measuring range of the instrument and ,B cannot be set to zero over the full range.
The uncertainty U is a parameter, with the resilit of .9.. measurement. that characterizes the disperSion of the
illues that could reasonably be attributed to the measuranq
The uncertainty Ucan be of tvlO types:
can be determined by statistical analysis of a of observations; dispersion of individual results
of measurement is caused by random variations that ocCUr during measurement. The parameter in which UA is
expressed u3ually, is a standard deviation (or a given multiple of it, commonly a factor.ll.or the half width of an irWval
haVing a stated level of confidence (commonlyj?5 %1.
NOTE 1: Type A uncertainty used to be indicated as "random uncertainty".
is that uncertainty that cannot be evaluated on the basis of statistical analysis.
Results of measurement may have a constant, but unknown, deviation from the true value, and repeated measurements
will not allow determination of the type B uncertainty. Type B uncertainty results e.g. from the uncertainty of th e calibration
an instrument or from installation eriects, known to exist, but not be interpreted as the answer to the
Page
EN 1776:1 9
question: How wet! do I knoltl fJ? Type B uncertainty can only be obtained by estimation. A good aid is a fully indepenc
repetition of the measurement (i.e. with different instruments, separate traceability, different operators, etc.).
NOTE 2: Type B uncertainty used to be indicated as "systematic uncertainty".
UA and U; can be combined into one uncertainty figure by the equation:
j3 and U characterize the performance of a measuring instrument in its new condition. All other possibly quar:t if1a:
parameters (like hysteresis, repeatability, temperature dependence) can be included in these two parameters. A'ter .
the only question that matters in the end is: how much does the result of a measurement deviate from the true value. <:
how certain is that deviation? All influencing parameters can be reduced to either a change in f3 or a change in U.
The effects of the installation of an instrument on site might result in an additional systematic error. This ca ... rc
numerous causes. For a gas meter it could be the actual flow profile upstream of the meter. differing from tr,a:
calibration; for sensors and electronics it might be ambient temperature effects or power variations. If these insta: lat
effects are known and stable or can be determined by an on site check , the effect can be incorporated in the cal,o'a:
of the instrument, e.g. by applying a correction to fJ. If the installation effect is not known exactly, as is often the cas""
would resu lt in an increase of U
E.2.2 Instrument in use
When an instrument is put into operation two extra parameters are needed. The instrument is subject The
is the slow variation with ti me of a metrological characteristic of the measur ing instrumeoL
The drif;.E..9f an instrument shou ld be assessed, but will be accompani ed by its own can be 0' ti
A or of type 8 or both. to be c:ombined into one figure
Various ways are open to assess D. Many instruments will have undergone type approval tests, the results of
might give guidance. Another source of information is data from recalibra tions. These can be either repeated calib: 2ilc
from one instrument, or recallbratlons from a population of similar instruments.
The spread in the recalihration data would lead to of type A. giving a deviatior 1',
approval data or specificatio,1 would lead to a-ilicontribution of \wE B.
NOTE 1: 0 and Uo are values which can be adjusted following experience obtained with an instrument.
NOTE 2: If no data on 0 can be obtained, this should lead to an addit ional contribution in U
L2.3 Summary
The accuracy of an instrument can be described in a quantifiable manner with four (3. U. 0 and U;:. fi 2 :':..
quantify the development of the effect of systematic errors with time. and U and U) quantify the deve/oprr.er :
uncertainty.
NOTE : In case standards give guidance to calculate uncertainty for a certain type of meas!1[jog
measuring system (e.g. EN ISO 5167-1 +A1 on orifice plates) these can be followed to calculate U This d O S3 .
yet necessarily take i:1to account possible systematic errors and performance in time.
E.3 Accuracy requirements - maximum permissible error (MPE)
A suitable way to express a requirement on the accuracy is a specification in terms of an MPE. The MPE is def;,ec
the extreme value that is permitted for the difference between the indication of a measur ing inst rurnen! anJ '7'
(conventional) true value of the measurand.
For an instrument with performance characterized according to E.2 this means that in order to ful;ill the
measuring within the MPE, the following relations shOUld be true:
1/11- {) X! + + (Un x t)' 1< MPl
NOTE 1: In principle the MPE should be set on the basis of the commercial interest of the measurement
value that satisfies involved parties. In theory the MPE is independent from the performance capability of t
--
Page 36
EN 1776:1998
instruments installed in a measuring station. In practice it is unavoidable that those capabilities interfere.
. Specifically when the MPE has to be defined for the first time its value will be a mixture of what is commercially
. defendable and technically feasible.
NOTE 2 : For a measuring system comprising more instruments, the MPE might be defined for the system as a
whole; but for practical reasons MPE's for the various components individualiy can be used.
EA Example: a gas measuring station
E.4.1 General
An example is worked out for a gas measuring station using a turbine gas meter and pressure and temperature
measurement and compression factor calculation.
NOTE: The values used in [his example are just to illustrate the use of the parameters and are by no means
values based on real data.
E.4.2 Uncertainty
the assessmen t is made as follows:
The gas meter has been calibrated. and thus its systematic errors as functon of flow rate are known. Probably.
the meter cannot be adjusted exactly to zero at all flow rates and thus a small systematic error remains . A
practical way to express thi s remaining systematic error is the use of the flow rate weighted mean error. For this
example that is supposed to oe fJ = + 0,03 %.
The calibration certificate will specify the uncertainty of the calibration result. Whi ch typically would be 0,25 % at a
2-standard deviatiQn level. -
Further, one should assess the uncertainty due to the installation. Suppose that the ef fect of the non-ideal
installation is estimated to 0,20 %.
Final lY, one could estimate the influence of temperatJre on the meter to be 0,05 %.
The typncertainty for th;;as meter would then be: ?
Us + 0,20
2
+ 0,05" ) 0.32 % 0=
For the gas meter the random variations in its performance (repeatabil ity) could be assessed to be 0.05 %. Thus
the type A uncert ainty is all =0,05 %.
FrolT' recalibratioi1 results of other meters of the same type an assessment of 0 is possible. Suppose that fo r this
type of meter it has been found that the meter drifts 0,8 % per 10 years. then
0= -0,08 % per year.
Frorr. the spread in the data from which 0 was calculated the uncertainty ir 0 could be calculated as 2-s tandard
deviation resulting in U::; = 0,06 % per year.
In J similar way also the pressur e and temperature sensor can be assessed. The piHa,lleter value3 for this exampl e are
all shown in table f.2. To enhance the example the pressure sensor has been given a large drift of + 0,15 % per year.
The compression factor z has no systematic error but certainly has a type B uncertainty. z could have a type A
uncertainty, if the flow computer has been programmed with a fix'1d gas compositi01 while the actual composition
Table E.3 shows how the measuring system as a whole develops with time.
Page.
EN 1776:19:
Table E 2' Example for accuracy parameters
.
j3 Us U,\ 0 UD
V
p
T
z
+ 0,03
+ 0,10
+ 0,02
0,00
0,32
0,30
0,10
0,20
0,05
0,10
0,00
0.10
- 0,08
+ 0.15
0,00
0,06
0,16
0,05
-
Result + 0,11 0,51 + 0.07 0,18
NOTE: The effect of temperature is invers e and thus should be substracted.
-
Table of uncertainty with time usinq the values from table ED
Time L,' = x I)'
new
j3+0xt
+ 0,11 0,51
1 year + 0,18 0,54
0,62 2 years + 0,25
5 years + 0,46 1,03
1,87 10 year s + 0,81
E.4,3 Relation with the MPE
It is supposed that for the measuring system an MPE has been defined of 1 % on the measured volume.
The developm ent of the performance is shown in figure E.l.
At t = 0, the new installation is set into operation with fJ = + 0.11 % and an uncertainty of 0,51 %". Clearly the
operates within the fvlPE .
As time goes by the performance develops according to table E.3. If the station is left to operate unattencied. at e:
moment in time the question what the most likely performance of the station is can be answered from fi gur e E. 1 o' [,'
E.3.
It is clear that at aboLd t = 34 months the MPE is crossed by the uncertainty. Thus from th at moment on it C21 r.:; Ie'
be ensured that the most likely performance of the station is within the accuracy requirement , fJ1PE . The m'J:-:1e: "
crossing the IvlPE: indi cates the latest moment at vhich the station operator has to act: Using table E.2 he can 0 a'j ': .
the recalibration schemes to see the effect on the rroment of crossing the Imit.
In this example a rather large drift was assumed for the pressure sensor. By recalibration e.g. every 2 years 11e eUec.
drift becomes smaller. The situation changes to that shown in figure E.2. The moment of crossing the MPE h3 s b'
shifted to t = 6 years Clnd is mainly caused by the assumed negative drift of th e gas meter. If consequently the gas IT 'c
will be recalibrated every 6 years, one ends up w\t;h the situation shown in figure E. 3. The total performance a' .
measuring station fluctuates, but stays within the contractually agreed MPE's.
r ctyt: ,)0
EN 1776:1998
1 , '5
0,5
f? 0
"iii
t
III
o
c:
::>
- 0,5
- 1
-1,5
-2
MPE
MPE
o 20 40 60 80 100
Time (month)
Figure E.1: Development of uncertainty with time - no recalibrations
12
Page ~
EN 1776:19
2
1. '5
0,5
~

c
C
<1l
t::
(j)
u
c
-0,5
::>
-1
~ ~ U
MPE
!
1
MPE
-1,5
-2
o 20 40
Time (month)
60 80
100 12
Figure E.2: Development of uncertainty with time - recalibration of p-sensor every 2 years
...
Page 40
EN 1776:1998
2
1,5
MPE
~ - \ " U
0,5
C
0
.C:
c:
. ~
t::
a:>
(j
c
-0,5
=>
MPE
-1
-1,5
. ,
-2
o 20 40 60 80 100 12
Time (month)
Figure E.3: Development 01 uncertainly with time - recalibrati on of p-sensor (2 years), gas meter (6 years)
Page
EN 1776:19
Annex F (informative)
Documentation and records
F.1 Documentation
An archive should contai;:, bu\ no: be limited to, the following:
all design docume,,;2:ion Including specifications, calculations, drawings and test reports;
comprehensive reco'os pertaining to the installation, commissioning and subsequent operation of the
station:
damage reports,
modification and eqJ omen, replacement details;
non conformity
sta tion daily supp'y recort s where appropriate;
essential station corr,puter data base information where appropriate.
Test record sheets Et least. include:
the printed nam e a'lC signature of the person maki ng the entry;
the printed names 2r,d signatures of any witnesses present.
F.2 Records
Measuring station reco,ds slould Include, but not be limited to, the following general data:
the tag numbers ard serial numbers of all installed instrumentation;
the date and time of any change of instrumentation, together with the relevant tag numbers, serial numbers L
meter tota lizer readirgs:
the date, time of commencement clnd time of completion of the measuring system recalibration together \';il h .
meter totalizer reudlrgs:
any modification to Erly flowcomputer keypaj :entry, alarm setting or constant including the date, time ar,d 01;0
totalizer reading; !
all daily event items associated with the measuring system;.
reports on error and subsequent correction:
any changes in p:ocess da:a i.e. composition viscosity, specific heat ratio:
full details of the devce, instrument andi or loop under test;
full details of the test equipment used includi:lg the date of the last calibration;
all test and results data.
F.3 Documentation approval
All test records and maintenance reports should be signed by the person who completed the work, They should also
countersigned by the person responsible for the measuring station,
Page 42
EN 1776:1998
Annex G (informative)
Bibliography
EN 24006 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Vocabulary and symbols (ISO 4006: 1991)
EN ISO 9000-1 Qua[ity management and quality assurance standards - Part 1: Guidelines for selection and use
(ISO 9000-1 :1994)
EN ISO 9001 Quality systems - Model for quality assurance in design/development, production, installation and
servicing (ISO 9001 :1994)
EN ISO 9002 Quality systems - Model for quality assurance in production, installation and servicing (ISO 9002:1994)
EN [SO 9003 Quality systems - Model for quality assurance in final inspection and test (ISO 9003:1994)
EN ISO 9004-1 Quality management and quality system elements - Part 1: Guidelines (9004-1 :1994)
ISO 5168 Measurement of fluid flow - Estimation of uncertainties of a flow rate measurement
Directive 89i336/EEC Council Directive of 3 May 1989 on the approximation of the laws of the Member Sta,es relating to
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
OIML International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metro[ogy ([VM 2, at moment under CEN public enquiry)
---- ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM 1, at moment under CEN public enquiry)